Effect of ginger, pomegranate and celery extractson zinc electrodeposition, surface morphology andcorrosion inhibition of mild steel

Electrodeposition of Zn on mild steel (MS) within an acid bath consisting of admixedZnCl2,H3BO3and KCl solution at specific concentrations of ginger (zingiber officinale), celery(Apium graveolens) and pomegranate (Punica granatum) extracts, and plating time was studied.The surface of electrodeposited MS was analyzed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energydispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was employed for elemental analysis. Results shows the presence andincrease in extract concentration is associated with the amount of Zn electrodeposited on MS. Gin-ger extracts induced the highest weight gain with values between 0.0867 g and 0.1219 g. Morphol-ogy studies showed good electrodeposition of Zn on MS, with closely packed Zn particles on thesurface with respect to additive concentrations and plating time. EDS results showed pomegranateinduced the highest %wt. content of Zn on MS. Corrosion resistance of the unplated and Zn elec-trodeposited MS with and without extract additives were evaluated with potentiodynamic polariza-tion method. Results showed the presence of ginger, pomegranate and celery extracts improved thecorrosion protection of Zn electrodeposited MS with optimal corrosion rates of 2.48 mm/y,2.78 mm/y and 1.95 mm/y compared to 7.96 mm/y for unplated MS and 6.58 mm/y for Zn elec-trodeposited MS without additives

Effect of ginger, pomegranate and celery extractson zinc electrodeposition, surface morphology andcorrosion inhibition of mild steel

Electrodeposition of Zn on mild steel (MS) within an acid bath consisting of admixedZnCl2,H3BO3and KCl solution at specific concentrations of ginger (zingiber officinale), celery(Apium graveolens) and pomegranate (Punica granatum) extracts, and plating time was studied.The surface of electrodeposited MS was analyzed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energydispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was employed for elemental analysis. Results shows the presence andincrease in extract concentration is associated with the amount of Zn electrodeposited on MS. Gin-ger extracts induced the highest weight gain with values between 0.0867 g and 0.1219 g. Morphol-ogy studies showed good electrodeposition of Zn on MS, with closely packed Zn particles on thesurface with respect to additive concentrations and plating time. EDS results showed pomegranateinduced the highest %wt. content of Zn on MS. Corrosion resistance of the unplated and Zn elec-trodeposited MS with and without extract additives were evaluated with potentiodynamic polariza-tion method. Results showed the presence of ginger, pomegranate and celery extracts improved thecorrosion protection of Zn electrodeposited MS with optimal corrosion rates of 2.48 mm/y,2.78 mm/y and 1.95 mm/y compared to 7.96 mm/y for unplated MS and 6.58 mm/y for Zn elec-trodeposited MS without additives

The ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence Chatbot: How Well Does It Answer Accounting Assessment Questions?

ChatGPT, a language-learning model chatbot, has garnered considerable attention for its ability to respond to users’ questions. Using data from 14 countries and 186 institutions, we compare ChatGPT and student performance for 28,085 questions from accounting assessments and textbook test banks. As of January 2023, ChatGPT provides correct answers for 56.5 percent of questions and partially correct answers for an additional 9.4 percent of questions. When considering point values for questions, students significantly outperform ChatGPT with a 76.7 percent average on assessments compared to 47.5 percent for ChatGPT if no partial credit is awarded and 56.5 percent if partial credit is awarded. Still, ChatGPT performs better than the student average for 15.8 percent of assessments when we include partial credit. We provide evidence of how ChatGPT performs on different question types, accounting topics, class levels, open/closed assessments, and test bank questions. We also discuss implications for accounting education and research

Federalism, Democracy and the Minority Question in Nigeria

(The Journal of Cultural Studies: 2000 2(1): 245-255

USE OF RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE GRAINS AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

Waste product from polyethylene materials are non-biodegradable and they form the bulk of the materials been used today. This paper looked into how this waste product was recycled in to polypropylene grains of sizes <4.5 mm and used to partially replace fine aggregate in concrete. Sieve analysis was carried out on the recycled polypropylene waste. Reinforced concrete beams (600 mm x 150 mm x 200 mm) and concrete cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm) were made from the mixture of the recycled material at different percentages of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16%. The beams were subjected to bending moment test, while the cubes were subjected to compressive strength test. Results revealed that 43.71% of polypropylene grains passed through the 4.75 mm sieve. The compressive strength of the 4% mixture was 16.28 N/mm2 while the control was 19.07 N/mm2. The bending moment test showed that the control mix has the highest value of 14.70 kNm, while the 12% and 16% has the lowest value of 8.40 kNm each. Deflections in the polypropylene mixes were generally higher than the control. The work concluded that recycled polypropylene grains can be used as partially replacement of fine aggregate in concrete at below 4% replacement