Synthesis and characterization of poly(hydroxylalkanethiol-ether) derivatives of Plukenetia conophora oil

Biobased additives for metal working or industrial oils are desirable due to their eco-friendly nature.  In this work, 1-butanethiol, 1-decanethiol and I-octadecanethiol were employed to synthesize three useful poly(hydroxyalkanethio-ether) derivatives of Plukenetia conophora oil. The optimum experimental conditions of solvent, catalysts, time and temperature were investigated. The reactions were monitored and products confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The physico-chemical properties, polymer molecular weight and oxidative stability of the products were carried out to determine their end-use applications. Using perchloric acid as catalyst and a temperature of 500C, the reactions proceeded smoothly to the desired products after 3, 3.5 and 5hr for butylthio-ether, decylthio-ether and octadecylthio-ether derivatives of Plukenetia conophora oil respectively, while retaining the triglyceride structure of the oil. The resulting derivatives of Plukenetia conophora oil possess potentials for application in formulation of lubricants and industrial fluids. Keywords:Plukenetia conophora oil, polyhydroxylalkanethiol-ether, epoxy ring opening

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF EPOXIDISED CANOLA OIL

Peroxyformic acid prepared in-situ was employed for epoxidation of canola oil in the presence of toluene. Gas chromatographic analysis of the product revealed the following species: C16:0; C18:0; C18:1; C18:2; C18:3; monoepoxy C18:0; monoepoxy C18:1; monoepoxy C18:2; diepoxy C18:0; diepoxy C18:1 and triepoxy C18:0, that were well separated and easily quantified. Result also revealed that epoxidation of canola oil was almost complete after 8 h using 4.0 moles of 85% formic acid in excess hydrogen peroxide. The 1H and 13C NMR of the products are discussed. KEY WORDS: Epoxidation, Canola oil, Epoxidised canola oil, Peroxyformic acid Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2006, 20(1), 75-81

Development Of Biodegradable Polyetheramide-Urethanes From Castor Seed Oil

Castor seed oil (Ricinuscommunis) is a vital renewable base material for industrial production of lubricants, brake fluids, soaps, inks, pharmaceuticals, pla stics, perfumes etc. The presence of reachricinoleic acid (about 87.5%) content in its fatty acids profile confers on its essential use for coating purposes. This paper presents the synthesis, characterization and antibacterial evaluations of polyetheramide-urethanes (PETAU) prepared from Ricinuscommunis seed oil. N,N'-bis (2- hydroxyethyl) Ricinuscommunis fatty amide (HERA) was synthesized via aminolysis. Upon reacting HERA with bisphenoiA, polyetheramide (PETA) resin was form ed. The polyetheramide subsequently undergo urethanation to form PETAU. The synthesized PETAU was characterized by FT-IR, 'H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analyses. Selected physico-chemical parameters of seed oil, HERA, PETA, PET AU were measured. Coating performance, thermal stability and antimicrobia l properties ofthe cured resin were also evaluated

Development of Functional Polyurethane–ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposite Coatings from Thevetia peruviana Seed Oil

The present article reports eco-friendly multifunctional polyurethane–ZnO hybrid nanocomposite coatings obtained from Thevetia peruviana seed oil (TPSO). Initially, the polyols were prepared by treating TPSO with glycerol and the formation was supported by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H-NMR studies. In the next stage, siloxane functionalized ZnO nanoparticles were added to the polyol mixture in different weight percentages (0, 1 and 2 %) and then treated with excess 4,4′-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane (H12MDI) in order to synthesize isocyanate terminated polyurethane nanocomposites. The polyurethane hybrids were then casted as thin films and cured under atmospheric moisture. After complete curing they were characterized by using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis techniques. The hybrid nanocomposites showed superior thermo-mechanical and anti-corrosive properties compared to pristine polyurethane. Also, due to the presence of nano ZnO in the polyurethane matrix,the composite coatings are showing excellent resistance towards various bacterial and fungal stains

Antibacterial and Morphological Studies of Electrospun Silver-Impregnated Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibre

Silver-impregnated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibre was prepared through electrospinning process. Infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermo gravimetric analyses (TGA/DTA) were used to characterize PAN and PAN/Ag composites. The XRD results reflects decrease in the crystallinity of PAN as it is been modified with Ag. Antibacterial activity of PAN/Ag was also investigated

Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Diversity Management in Nigeria Breweries in Oyo State, Nigeria

Cases of ethnic bias and other forms of discrimination still take places in organizations during hiring, promotion and other employer-employee relation practices. Hence, managements are faced with the big challenge of managing its diverse workforce and emotional intelligence of their employees. This study investigated the impact of emotional intelligence on diversity management in Nigeria Breweries Oyo State. A total of 100 staff in Nigeria Breweries Oyo State in which 55 (55.0%) were male while 45 (45.0%) were female. The study was a survey which employed Descriptive research design and questionnaire was used to obtain the relevant data. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson rho Correlation and Regression Analysis with the application of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The results showed that that there is joint significant relationship between emotional intelligence on diversity management It was recommended that emotional intelligence concept would integrate the development programs and job-related training provided to employees to improve their skills, providing a foundation for practicable knowledge

Renewable resource based novel antimicrobial polyesteramide-urethenehybrid coatings

The use of renewable resources for the development of coating materials is a viable means to reduce environmental impact and support sustainability efforts. This paper describes a novel antimicrobial polyesteramide-urethane-silica- Zinc Oxide (ZnO) hybrid coatings based on milk bush seed oil as renewable resource. Initially ZnO nanoparticles were modified with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to get silica grafted ZnO composite particles. The milk bush oil based polyesteramide were reacted with excess H12MDI to get NCO terminated polyesteramide-urethanes and the excess NCO was reacted with silica grafted ZnO composite particles to get the reactive hybrid prepolymers. These prepolymers were casted on tin foil and cured under atmospheric moisture to get eco-friendly moisture curing polyesteramide-urethane-silica- Zinc Oxide (ZnO) hybrid coatings films. The coatings films were evaluated for its antimicrobial and thermo mechanical properties while coated steel specimen were used for corrosion studies. The techniques such as FTIR, TGA, DSC, DMTA, SEM and XRD have been used in this study. The hybrid coating films has shown very good antibacterial and antifungal propertie$, higher thermal stability and better thermo mechanical properties. The improvement in the properties was dependent" on the concentration of ZnO composite particles in the coating films. The antibacterial experiments show that the ZnO doped films exhibit excellent antibacterial activity, especially for E.coli. The salt spray test on coated specimen show good corrosion resistance properties for hybrid coating

A Microcontroller Framework for PC Based Electrical Appliance Control System

Personal computers are increasingly becoming the platform of choice to design and implement control algorithms because it is simple to write, modify and update software programs that implement control algorithms. In this paper, the personal computer is used to control the electrical appliances which includes turning high power alternating current (AC) loads such as lights, fans, heaters etc ON or OFF. To successfully integrate the interface box with the machine (laptop), an interface device is used within the PC that can perform the necessary tasks. The interface box can be controlled by the computer by connecting to the USB port and developed a program in C-sharp(C#) programming language. The program will demonstrate the basic idea of how to control devices and monitor events. With the program, the computer can turn electric devices ON/OFF while disregarding the manual control system. Moreover, the people who are physically disabled in homes and work places are able to control the home appliances by interacting with the interface of the developed appliance. It is a necessity to employ the service of Home Appliances Control as it is more effective, efficient and stress-free. Keywords: Personal Computers, Home Control Appliance, Distribution Fuse Board (DFB), Graphical User Interface (GUI), Interface Box, Internal Module, Enumeration, Local Area Network (LAN)

Factors associated with low contraceptive use amongst vulnerable mothers in South West State, Nigeria

Background: Young mothers tend to be more prone to high maternal and perinatal risks and are thus deemed vulnerable to adverse sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) in terms of their right to choose contraceptives of their choice to enhance their maternal well-being and childbirth spacing should be well discussed. Achieving sufficient SRHR may be averted if the use of family planning by disadvantaged groups is not given required attention. Aim: This study aimed to identify and analyse the factors associated with the low use of contraceptives amongst vulnerable women in the South West region in Nigeria. Setting: The study area was purposively chosen to capture contraceptive use amongst vulnerable women in Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: A primary data collection was done in three senatorial districts of Osun State, Nigeria, with 140 respondents each to give a total of 420 respondents. Collected data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate measures. Results: The result showed a magnitude of association and relationship at both levels of analyses. Living arrangements and family types were 89% and 88.3%, respectively, associated with family planning use. In the same vein, living arrangement and family types were also statistically significant at p < 0.05with an odds ratio of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.1184–0.4583) and an odds ratio of 0.35 (95% CI: 0.1756–0.6970) with family planning use, respectively. Conclusion: We concluded that policies and interventions to accelerate and encourage contraceptives use amongst vulnerable mothers in South West, Nigeria should be targeted at those whose husbands lived elsewhere and those whose husbands have more than one wife

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATIONS OF NOVEL HYBRID POLYESTERAMIDEURETHANES PREPARED FROM YELLOW OLEANDA SEED OIL

Air drying polyesteramide-urethanes resins were synthesized from Thevetia peruviana seed oil commonly known as Yellow oleanda (a tropical ornamental shrub) having about 68.8% unsaturated and 30.9% saturated fatty acids. The physico- chemical characterization of the optimized unsaturated FAME such as hydroxyl value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, inherent viscosity were carried out using standard methods. Through condensation reaction the N,N'- bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Thevetia peruviana (HETA) prepared from the FAME reacted with isophthalic acid to form polyesteramide. The latter undergo urethanation with H1 ' 2MDI. The structural elucidation of the moisture cured polyesteramide-urethane coating was based on FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. The coatings films were evaluated for its antihacterial activity and thermal stability properties on TGA and DSC. The SEM of the --uating films was also examined