Gene frequencies of ABO and Rh blood groups in Nigeria: A review

Background : ABO and Rhesus factor (Rh) blood type are germane in human life in genetics and clinical studies. Aim of the study : The review was undertaken with the objective to provide data on the ABO and Rh(D) blood group distribution and gene frequency across Nigeria which is vital for blood transfusion and susceptibility to disease. Materials and methods: Literature search for ABO/Rh blood distribution in Nigeria was done and allele frequencies of A, B, O, D and d were calculated from the frequency recorded from six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. We reported frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood type from 318,940 and 280,514 individuals respectively. Prevalence were reported as percentage and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested using Chi square test and p was set at 0.05 unless otherwise stated. Results : We reported ABO blood group frequencies in the order O > A > B > AB (52.93%, 22.77%, 20.64% and 3.66%) while prevalence of Rh+ was 94.90% from total population studied. Our reported frequencies did not differ from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (goodness-of-fit X 2 for ABO = 1.74 df = 3, p < 0.05). Allelic frequencies for A(p), B(q) and O(r) are 0.143, 0.130 and 0.728 respectively. Conclusion : The study provides information on the distribution/frequency of ABO/Rh(D) blood group and their corresponding allelic proportion in a large Nigeria study. It also revealed how the Nigerian populations in the North, South, West and East vary with respect to genetic traits. This vital information will be important for population genetics and anthropology studies and may be helpful in planning for future health strategy and blueprint, particularly planning with regards to disease management and blood transfusion medicine

Actividad enzimática in vivo e inducción de daño en el ADN en ratones machos albinos suizos por lixiviación de desechos de automóviles

The rapid growth of motor vehicles use, together with poor waste disposal, produce environmental and biological threats. We evaluated the genotoxicity and enzyme activity of simulated automobile waste leachate in Swiss albino male mice (Mus musculus). Four mice per group were intraperitoneally treated with four leachate concentrations (10%, 15%, 20% and 25% v/v: simulant (IOASL)/distilled water), as well as a negative control (0.5mL UILSL); and a positive control (cyclophosphamide 20mg/Kg body weight) for five consecutive days. There was a concentration-dependent increase in sperm abnormality compared to the negative control (except at 10% and 15%; p&lt;0,05). Heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn) exceeded permissible limits for waste water. Significant variability was also recorded in liver serum enzyme activity (AST, ALP, ALT and ALB) and in the frequencies of micronuclei (p&lt;0,05). The interaction of some of these components with the genetic constitution of the cell during spermatogenesis might be responsible for the abnormalities. El rápido crecimiento del uso de vehículos automotores, junto con la eliminación deficiente de residuos, producen amenazas ambientales y biológicas. Evaluamos la genotoxicidad y la actividad enzimática del lixiviado de residuos de automóviles en ratones machos albinos suizos (Mus musculus). Cuatro ratones por grupo fueron tratados por vía intraperitoneal con cuatro concentraciones de lixiviados (10%, 15%, 20% y 25% v/v: simulante(IOASL)/agua destilada), como control negativo (0,5mL UILSL); y un control positivo (ciclofosfamida 20mg/Kg de peso corporal) durante cinco días consecutivos. Hubo un aumento dependiente de la concentración en la anormalidad del esperma en comparación con el control negativo (excepto al 10% y 15%, p&lt;0,05). El metal pesado (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Fe y Zn) excedió los límites permisibles para las aguas residuales. También se registró una variabilidad significativa en la actividad enzimática del suero hepático (AST, ALP, ALT y ALB) en las frecuencias de micronúcleos (p&lt;0,05). La interacción de algunos de estos componentes con la constitución genética de la célula durante la espermatogénesis podría ser responsable de las anomalías