DEVELOPMENT OF A MEDICAL STAFF RECRUITMENT SYSTEM FOR TEACHING HOSPITALS IN NIGERIA

Recruitment of staff into teaching hospitals in Nigeria, acts as the first step towards creating competitive strength and strategic advantage for such institutions. However, one of the major problems associated with these institutions in the South Western part of Nigeria is their mode of staff recruitment. In this research paper, we developed a suitable staff recruitment system for some health institutions in Nigeria, focusing specifically on some teaching hospitals. Three teaching hospitals in south west Nigeria, were visited and relevant information was collated through personal interviews and questionnaires administration to the staff of Human Resource Departments and other relevant health professionals of these teaching hospitals. The design and development of the system employs 3-tier web architecture. System design of the staff recruitment system consisted of design activities that produce system specifications satisfying the functional requirements that were developed in the system analysis process. A formal model of the staff recruitment system was built using Unified Modeling Language (UML). The UML, as a modeling system, which provides a set of conventions that were used to describe the software system in terms of objects, offers diagrams that provide different perspective views of the system parts. The Web-based Medical Recruitment System (WBMRS) was designed to be user friendly and it is easy to navigate

Elucidation of Bioactive Compounds in Methanol Extract of Mitracarpus Vilosus Leaf using GC-MS analysis

Mitracarpus vilosus is widely used among the indegenes of Ibeju-Lekki area of Lagos State for the treatment of skin lesions. This study elucidated the phytochemical constituents in 80% methanolic leaf extract of Mitracarpus vilosus. Phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out on the leaf extract. The qualitative analyses showed the presence of the following phytochemicals, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and steroids. The phytochemical screen did not reveal any flavonoids. However, Squalene 14.27%, n-Hexadecanoic acid 11.60%, 2-Octylcyclopropene-1-heptanol 8.43%, Octadecanoic acid 5.45%, 1,4-Naphthalenedione 3.19% were the first five major bioactive compounds revealed by GC-MS in the leaf extract. The results of this study validated the bioactive constituents in Mitracarpus vilosus which may be the justification for its use for the treatment of skin lesions and other ailments. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-14-04 Publication date:July 31st 202

Popular biofortified cassava cultivars are heavily impacted by plant parasitic nematodes, especially Meloidogyne Spp.

Open Access Journal; Published online: 26 June 2020The development of new biofortified cassava cultivars, with higher micronutrient contents, offers great potential to enhance food and nutrition security prospects. Among the various constraints affecting cassava production are plant parasitic nematodes (PPN), especially root-knot nematodes. In this study, six popular biofortified cultivars were field-evaluated for their response to PPN in Nigeria. A field naturally infested with a diversity of PPN but dominated by root-knot nematodes was used. Application of the nematicide carbofuran significantly reduced PPN densities, and at harvest, no root galling damage was observed, compared with untreated plots, which had heavy galling damage. Plant height, stem girth, plant weight, marketable storage root number and weight were significantly lower for most cultivars in untreated plots. Percentage yield losses in the range of 21.3–63.7% were recorded from two separate trials conducted for 12 months each. Lower total carotenoid and dry matter contents were associated with higher PPN densities in some biofortified cultivars, resulting in a loss of as much as 63% of total carotenoid and 52% of dry matter contents. The number and weight of rotted storage roots were significantly greater in untreated plots across cultivars, reducing in-field and post-harvest storability. This study demonstrates that natural field populations of PPN can substantially affect yield, quality and nutritional value of released biofortified cassava cultivar

YIELD ASSESSMENT AND QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER IN LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA.

The problem of shortage of water supply is athreat to inhabitants that do not have access to potable water supply. The research is aimed at determining the quality and quantity of groundwater in LAUTECH community, Ogbomoso with the mind of ascertaining the hydraulic properties of boreholes and the suitability of the water resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. Pump testing was conducted in LAUTECH to determine the actual discharge. Water samples were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters and bacteria using Standard method.Quality Indexes such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) were used to assess the suitability of water for agricultural purposes.The range of hydraulic properties of aquifers (Transmissivity (0.095 m2/day to 7.591 m2/day), Hydraulic conductivity (0.003 m/day  to 0.278m/day), Specific capacity (0.250 m3/ day/m to 16.506 m3/day/m) and Yield (0.341l/s -1.66l/s), shows that four (4) out of the seven (7) borehole have moderate yield which are quiet prolific. All  the water samples within the study area falls below the WHO,2004 indicating that there is no contamination and that LAUTECH groundwaters are suitable but the biochemical result showed  that LAUTECH stream  are highly polluted .The prolific boreholes which include  engineering workshop, work’s workshop, new ICT, and health center  have moderate yield and rapid recharge rate and this  contribute to minimum quantity of water supply on campus while the  less prolific ones which are those at FAG (Faculty of Agriculture), mathematics department, and senate building  have  low yield  and with very slow recharge rate .Hence it is recommended Recconnaissance survey through the use of Very Low Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) Method should be duly incorporated alongside Geophysical survey to avoid the problem of dry boreholes or seasonal well in Borehole drilling

Elucidation of Phytochemicals in Mitracarpus Vilosus Flower Extract using GC-MS

Mitracarpus villosus which belongs to the family of Rubiaceae is one of the important medicinal plants widely known for its broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and biological uses which includes antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, and antibacterial activities amongst others. It is used in the treatment of various ailments such as ulcers, and skin-related infections like dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, and acne. This study elucidated the phytochemical properties of Mitracarpus villosus flower. This was achieved through the methanolic extraction of M. villosus flower, and further phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract such as the tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and cardiac glucoside contents. Moreso, the use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) technique was employed on the methanolic extract to isolate and characterize the different bioactive compounds present and to further validate the qualitative data obtained from the phytochemical analysis. Results obtained exhibited the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and cardiac glucoside, with a noticeable absence of terpenoids. Also, the GC-MS analysis showed spectra of 52 bioactive compounds present in the extract with five specific compounds having the highest composition such as oleic acid (14.76%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (11.25%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (10.92%), octadecanoic acid (9.21%), and squalene (8.87%) having the highest composition. The presence of these phytochemicals with their numerous biological activities in the methanolic extract of M. vilosus flower makes it a promising pharmaco-therapeutic agent, and thus should be employed in medicine for the treatment of diseases and also as an active agent in the pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Mitracarpus vilosus flower, Phytochemicals, Methanol extracts, GC-MS DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-14-05 Publication date:July 31st 202

Falling Standard of Engineering Education in Nigeria_ Causes and Suggestions

ABSTRACT A nation's growth can be hinged on the functionality of the infrastructure, which is a direct index of efficiency of the human and material resources and invested capital. The bulk of the maintenance and development are direct duties of engineering graduate who are always criticized when failure occurred. Increased rate of failure in engineering infrastructure in Nigeria within the walls of economic reforms called for examining the status of engineering education in the country. The approaches used in carrying out the study include review of engineering education in Nigeria, appraisal of government policies, and use of structured questionnaires to determine the causes and remedy for falling standard of engineering education in Nigeria. This paper concluded that the training of engineering graduates are deficient and suggested the establishment of post graduate college of Engineering as a strategy to fulfill the required training. The advantages of this approach include improved training, reliability and reduction in failure of infrastructure and international acceptability

Domiciliary Cockroaches as Carriers of Human Intestinal Parasites in Lagos Metropolis, Southwest Nigeria: Implications for Public Health

Background: Domiciliary cockroaches are obnoxious pests of significant medical importance. We investigated the prevalence of human intestinal parasites in cockroaches and its attendant public health importance.Methods: Overall, 749 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana, 509, Blattella germanica, 240) caught by trapping from 120 households comprising 3 different housing types in Somolu, Lagos metropolis, southwest Nigeria, in 2015 were screened for human intestinal parasites using standard parasitological techniques.Results: The prevalence of human intestinal parasites in cockroaches was 96.4%. There was no statistically signifi­cant difference (P&gt; 0.05) in parasite prevalences between P. americana (95.7%) and B. germanica (97.9%). Parasite species identified and their prevalence were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (44.1%), E. coli (37.8%), Gi­ardia lamblia (18.7%), Cryptosporidium sp. (13.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (61.3%), Trichuris trichiura (55.8%), hookworms (11.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (11.7%), Taenia/Echinococcus spp. (10.5%), Enterobius vermicularis (17.2%) and Hymenolepis nana (11.6%). Parasite prevalence and burdens varied with housing type; the prevalence was significantly higher statistically (P&lt; 0.05) in cockroaches from low-cost bungalow, LCB (100%) and low-cost, 2-storey, LC2-S (100%) houses than in medium-cost flats, MCF (81.3%). Parasite burdens were also significantly higher statistically (P&lt; 0.05) in cockroaches from LCB or LC2-S than in cockroaches from MCF. Parasite preva­lences between cockroach gut and body surfaces were not statistically significant (P&gt; 0.05) but mean parasite bur­dens in gut were significantly higher statistically (P&lt; 0.05) than on body surfaces.Conclusion: Cockroaches types carry transmissive stages of human intestinal parasites and may act as reservoirs and potential mechanical vectors for disease transmission.</p

Case Report: Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema Complicating Acute Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma

No Abstrac

Induction of rat hepatic mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening by leaf extract of Olax subscorpioidea

has been implicated in the cascade of events involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death). Olax subscorpioidea is traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases and infection. However, its role on MMPT is not yet established. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of varying concentrations of the methanol leaf extract of O. subscorpioidea (MEOS) on MMPT pore opening, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Materials and Methods: Opening of the pore was spectrophotometrically assayed under succinate‑energized conditions. Results: In the absence of triggering agent (calcium), MEOS induced MMPT pore opening by 350, 612, 827, 845% at 36, 60, 86 and 112 µg/ml, respectively. MEOS further induced MMPT pore opening in the presence of a triggering agent by 866, 905, 831, 840, 949% at 12, 36, 60, 86 and 112 µg/ml, respectively. The extract significantly induced mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxidation in all the concentration used. MEOS also significantly increased mitochondrial ATP hydrolysis by mitochondrial ATPase in all concentration of the extract used. Conclusion: It may be deduced from this results, that MEOS contains certain bioactive components that may find use in pathological conditions that require an enhanced rate of apoptosi

Bioaccumulation of Pyrethroid in Parasite Wenyonia acuminata (Cestoda: Caryophyllaeidae) and Host fish Synodontis clarias (Linnaeus, 1758) from Lekki Lagoon, Lagos Nigeria

This study was aimed at determining the concentration of pyrethroid in the surface water, sediment, Weyonia acuminata and Synodontis clarias fish in Lekki lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. In-situ physicochemical analysis of the surface water was conducted using a calibrated handheld multi-parameter probe (Horiba Checker Model U-10). Intestinal samples from infected and uninfected fish were analyzed for pyrethroid concentrations, microbial colonization, proteins (PRO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The histopathology of infected and uninfected intestinal tissues were analyzed using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains and examined under a binocular light microscope (Model 230485). A total of 39 out of 98 S. clarias fish were infected with cestode parasite, Wenyonia acuminate, amounting to 39% parasite prevalence. Among the tested pyrethroids, Cyfluthrin and Alpha –cypermethrin had significant sorption of 1.62 and 3.27 respectively from the aqueous phase to the bottom sediment of the lagoon. Pyrethroid concentration was in the order of sediment > parasite> water > intestine> liver. The cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL (low density lipids) in the parasite were higher than in the host fish (p<0.05). On the other hand, the fish hepatic protein, high density lipids (HDL) and glucose were higher than the levels in the parasites (p<0.05). There was a high prevalence of gut microbes (30 - 40%), which include Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp among individuals infected with gut Cestodes, Wenyonia sp compared with uninfected individual which had higher gut Staphylococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., and Proteus sp. (10- 40%). among the congeners of pyrethroids analyzed, Cyfluthrin > Alpha-Cyermethrin had significant sorption on the sediment, however unlike a benthopelagic fish, no pyrethroid was accumulated in the S. clarias from the sediment. The fish however accumulated Alpha-Cypermethrin from the aqueous phase. The parasite on the other hand accumulated Bathroid significantly from the surface water and bottom sediment which may be linked to the higher stress levels observed in the parasite than the host fish. The parasite in turn inflicted histological alterations on the host intestine, marked by moderate inflammation of mucosa, alteration of the villi microstructure, moderate stunting of the villous structure and moderate fibrosis of villous structure. The study demonstrated the efficiency of histopathological and microbial analysis in biomonitoring studies enteric parasites and early detection of pyrethroid toxicity respectively compared to bioaccumulation analysis