71 research outputs found
Post-transplant donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies with a higher mean fluorescence intensity are associated with graft fibrosis in pediatric living donor liver transplantation
The roles of post-transplant anti-HLA donor specific antibody (DSA) in pediatric liver transplantation (LT), including therapeutic strategies, remain controversial. This study aimed to identify the risks of post-transplant DSA for graft fibrosis progression in pediatric living donor LT (LDLT). We retrospectively evaluated 88 LDLT pediatric cases between December 1995 and November 2019. DSAs were assessed with single antigen bead test. Graft fibrosis was histopathologically scored with METAVIR and the centrilobular sinusoidal fibrosis system. Post-transplant DSAs were detected in 37 (52.9%) cases at 10.8 (1.3–26.9) years post-LDLT. The histopathological examination of 32 pediatric cases with post-transplant DSA revealed that 7 (21.9%) with a high DSA-MFI (≥9,378) showed graft fibrosis progression (≥F2). No graft fibrosis was observed in the subjects with a low DSA-MFI. The risk factors for developing graft fibrosis in pediatric cases with post-transplant DSA were an older graft age (>46.5 years old), lower platelet count (<10.7 × 104/ml) and higher Fib4 index (>0.7807, recipient age; >1.8952, donor age). Limited efficacy of additional immunosuppressants was observed in DSA positive pediatric cases. In conclusion, pediatric cases with a high DSA-MFI and risk factors should undergo a histological examination. The appropriate treatment for post-transplant DSA in pediatric LT needs to be determined
Reduced port surgery for UC
Introduction: Reduced-port laparoscopic surgery is a novel minimally invasive surgery. However, reduced-port surgery for ulcerative colitis (UC) remains controversial. Here, we describe the clinical outcomes of single-incision plus one port laparoscopic surgery (SILS + 1) for medically uncontrolled UC. Methods: Between May 2011 and September 2014, 10 UC patients underwent SILS + 1 port surgery. All procedures were performed with the use of a SILS port and either a 5-mm or a 12-mm port placed at the planned ileostomy site. Results: The median age of patients was 32 years (range, 22-53 years). Six patients underwent two-stage SILS + 1 port restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, two patients underwent SILS + 1 total proctocolectomy, and the remaining two patients underwent SILS + 1 subtotal colectomy with subsequent three-stage SILS + 1 ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. The median operative time was 363.1 min (range, 253-465 min) and the median estimated blood loss was 29 mL (range, 0-100 mL). There were no conversions or additional ports required. Two patients previously underwent SILS + 1 subtotal colectomy, and in one of those patients, SILS + 1 ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was performed successfully 6 months after the previous surgery. There were no intra-abdominal adhesions, and no extra wounds were necessary because the previous stoma site had been used to access the SILS port. The median postoperative period was 24 months, during which five patients had their ileostomies closed. No patients reported occasional minor daily soiling or the need to wear a pad. Conclusion: Reduced-port laparoscopic surgery for medically uncontrolled UC is a feasible and safe procedure when performed by skilled surgeons
Non-suturing method of umbilical closure
Background: At our institute, a non-suturing method for closure of the umbilical epidermis has been used in laparoscopic colorectal resection to prevent umbilical wound infection. We performed a retrospective evaluation of the incidence of umbilical wound infection using this technique for patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: From 2010 to 2014, 178 consecutive patients underwent elective laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer. The umbilical fascia was closed using interrupted multifilament absorbable sutures. The skin surface of the umbilicus was compressed using a cotton ball and sealed by water vapor-permeable film. Results: Three (1.7%) patients required conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery. The mean surgery time was 174 ± 48 minutes, intraoperative blood loss was 29 ± 75 mL, and postoperative hospital stay was 10.5 ± 6.7 days. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria, umbilical superficial wound infection occurred in 2 (1.1%) patients. The two patients recovered from their wound infections after a few days of drainage and their hospital discharge was not delayed. Deep umbilical wound infection did not occur in any patient. Conclusion: Our non-suturing closure technique appeared to be effective in preventing wound infection after laparoscopic resection of colon cancer
Comparison of Single-Incision Plus One Additional Port Laparoscopy-assisted Anterior Resection with Conventional Laparoscopy-assisted Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer
Reduced-port laparoscopic surgery is the latest innovation in minimally invasive surgery. We performed single-incision plus one additional port laparoscopy-assisted anterior resection (SILS + 1-AR) starting in August 2010. This study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of SILS + 1-AR and comparing it with that of conventional laparoscopy-assisted anterior resection (C-AR). Patients with preoperative clinical stage 0 to stage III rectal cancer were included. Demographic, intraoperative, and pathological examination data, as well as short-term outcome data, of 20 patients who underwent SILS + 1-AR were retrospectively compared with that of 20 patients who underwent C-AR. Invasiveness of the two procedures was also evaluated through a vital signs diary and hematological examination on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, and 7. Operating time, mean estimated blood loss, the number of lymph nodes dissected, the number of lymph node metastases, and the mean distal resection margin length were not significantly different. However, postoperative neutrophil counts in the SILS + 1-AR group were lower than those in the C-AR group (P = 0.085). A significant difference in body temperature was observed in the SILS + 1-AR group on POD 1 (P = 0.028). No significant differences were observed in perioperative and overall morbidity between the two groups. Conversion to open surgery was required in 2 (10 %) of the 20 patients in the SILS + 1-AR group. The mean postoperative length of stay and recurrence rates were similar in the two groups. SILS + 1-AR for rectal cancer is similar to C-AR in safety, feasibility, and provision of oncological radicality
Postoperative analgesia using fentanyl plus celecoxib versus epidural anesthesia after laparoscopic colon resection
Purpose: Effective postoperative analgesia is essential to a patient’s recovery after laparoscopic colon resection (LCR). We introduce a new analgesic protocol using fentanyl plus celecoxib following LCR. Methods: The subjects of this retrospective comparative study were 137 patients who underwent LCR, 63 of whom were treated with 72 h of epidural anesthesia (group E), and 74 of whom were treated with 24 h of fentanyl intravenous injection followed by 7 days of oral celecoxib (group FC). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of this new protocol. Results: The combination of fentanyl and celecoxib maintained a low postoperative pain score (<1.5, evaluated by the FACES Pain Scale) and reduced the need for rescue analgesic drugs for 7 days (groups E vs. FC: 5.39 ± 3.77 vs. 2.79 ± 2.92, p < 0.001). The postoperative hospital stay was almost equal for the two groups (E vs. FC: 11.1 ± 4.5 vs. 10.3 ± 4.8 days, p = 0.315). The operating room stay other than for surgery was significantly shorter for group FC (E vs. FC: 128.7 ± 30.5 vs. 107.2 ± 17.0 min, p < 0.001). Neither group experienced complications, apart from one group FC patient, who suffered transient nausea and vertigo. Conclusions: The new analgesic protocol using fentanyl plus celecoxib is an effective and time-saving strategy for LCR
Interleukin-6/STAT3 signaling as a promising target to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy
Overcoming the immunosuppressive state in tumor microenvironments is a critical issue for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Interleukin (IL)-6, a pleiotropic cytokine, is highly produced in the tumor-bearing host. Previous studies have indicated that IL-6 suppresses the antigen presentation ability of dendritic cells (DC) through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Thus, we focused on the precise effect of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling cascade on human DC and the subsequent induction of antitumor T cell immune responses. Tumor-infiltrating CD11b+CD11c+ cells isolated from colorectal cancer tissues showed strong induction of the IL-6 gene, downregulated surface expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, and an attenuated T cell-stimulating ability compared with those from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that the tumor microenvironment suppresses antitumor effector cells. In vitro experiments revealed that IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation reduced surface expression of HLA-DR on CD14+ monocyte-derived DC. Moreover, we confirmed that cyclooxygenase 2, lysosome protease and arginase activities were involved in the IL-6-mediated downregulation of the surface expression levels of HLA class II on human DC. These findings suggest that IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation in the tumor microenvironment inhibits functional maturation of DC to activate effector T cells, blocking introduction of antitumor immunity in cancers. Therefore, we propose in this review that blockade of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway and target molecules in DC may be a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies for cancer patients
Solitary left axillary lymph node metastasis after curative resection of carcinoma at the colostomy site : a case report
Background: The incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) of colon cancer is very low, and there have been only a few reports of solitary ALNM. Neither the mechanism involved in solitary colon cancer ALNM nor the proper treatment has been elucidated. We encountered a case of solitary left ALNM after curative resection of carcinoma at the colostomy site. Case presentation: A 53-year-old man underwent a Hartmann's operation for Hirschsprung disease during his adolescence. He complained of a mass of the descending colon and was diagnosed with colon cancer at the colostomy site with pagetoid spread to the adjacent skin. The cancer at the stoma site was resected, and a transverse colostomy was performed. Nine years later, his carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 level was high during a health screening. On physical examination, adenopathy was palpated in the left axilla. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a lymph node in the left axillary fossa that was 33 mm in diameter, and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT showed high uptake in the lesion. We performed a curative resection of the left axillary lymph node. The lesion was pathologically diagnosed as left ALNM originating from the adenocarcinoma at the colostomy site. After lymph node resection, his serum CA19-9 level decreased compared to that observed at baseline. He has been receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) without recurrence for 5 months after lymph node resection. Conclusions: The present case report shows that carcinoma at the colostomy site with pagetoid spread can metastasize to the axillary lymph nodes through superficial abdominal lymphatic pathways, and surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy may be a potent strategy to treat solitary colon cancer ALNM
Laceration predicts staple malformation
Background. Although several types of staplers have been developed, staple-line leaks have been a great problem in gastrointestinal surgery. Powered linear staplers were recently developed to further reduce the risk of tissue trauma during laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that predict staple malformation and determine the effect of precompression and slow firing on the staple formation of this novel powered stapling method. Methods. Porcine stomachs were divided using an endoscopic powered linear stapler with gold reloads. We divided the specimens into 9 groups according to the precompression time (0/60/180 seconds) and firing time (0/60/180 seconds). The occurrence and length of laceration and the shape of the staples were evaluated. We examined the factors influencing successful stapling and investigated the key factors for staple malformation. Results. Precompression significantly decreased the occurrence and length of serosal laceration. Precompression and slow firing significantly improved the optimal stapling formation rate. Univariate analysis showed that the precompression time (0 seconds), firing time (0 seconds), and presence of serosal laceration were significantly associated with a low optimal formation rate. Multivariate analysis showed that these three factors were associated independently with low optimal formation rate and that the presence of serosal laceration was the only factor that could be detected during the stapling procedure. Conclusions. We have shown that serosal laceration is a predictor of staple malformation and demonstrated the importance of precompression and slow stapling when using the powered stapling method
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