Trends of oral cancer in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the trend and recent pattern of oral cancer in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Method: A retrospective analysis of all cases of oral cancer (excluding lymphoid cancers) documented in the records of the Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, from the year 1983 to 2007 was done. The analysis of the data collected was compared with three earlier studies in this same centre and the published literature in general. Result: Over the 25-year-period a total 450 cases of oral cancer were recorded. More than half of the cases were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 58.0% of these occurred in the palate which was the commonest site. Compared with previous studies, the male to female ratio of 1.4:1 revealed a higher number of females, and more patients were recorded in the first and tenth decades of life. Conclusion: The trends in oral cancer prevalence in UCH, Ibadan, show that oral SCC, still occurs commonly in the palate in our environment, and constituted the bulk of oral cancer. In addition, more females and patients within the extremes of age are being increasingly affected. There is before a need for more investigations into the possible aetiological factors in our environment in order to offer a preventive approach to the management of the disease

Bilateral Transverse Facial Cleft as an Isolated Deformity

Transverse facial clefts are rare deformities, these mostly occur as part of syndromes such as facial dysostosis and branchial arch syndrome. This is a report of a case of isolated, asyndromic bilateral facial cleft seen at a semi-urban specialist hospital. Congenital facial defects remain sources of mental and social stress to the families. Infanticide, perhaps a thing of the past in the developed world may still be practiced in cases of congenital deformities in the developing countries, hence the need for early involvement of social workers and clinical psychologist in management.Facials fendus transverse sont des d\ue9formit\ue9s rares, le plus souvent, ils arrivent comme une partie des syndromes tels que facial dysostose et syndrome branchial arch. Il s'agit d'un rapport d'un cas isol\ue9, facial fendu asyndromique bilat\ue9rial vu dans un h\uf4pital specialiste semi-urban. D\ue9fauts facials cong\ue9nitaux est toujours les sources du stress social et mental pour des familles. L'enfanticide, peut-\ueatre une chose du pass\ue9 dans le monde d\ue9velopp\ue9 pourrait \ueatre en pratique dans les cas des d\ue9formit\ue9s cong\ue9nitales dans les pays en voie de d\ue9veloppement, donc, le besoin pour une participation pr\ue9coce des ouvriers social et psychologiste clinique dans la prise en charge

Planning Laws and Policies Which Influence the Use of Land in Metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria

A survey of 43 zones in Lagos shows that of government policies and laws infl uencing land use in the area, sources of land ownership and zoning are the two most prominent factors influencing land use. To achieve sustainable land use in Lagos the position of land acquisition policy should be re-appraised, with the view to making proposals which will avail the acquired lands for rational use by the public and the government. It is also recommended that all levels of government embark on appropriate planning schemes as they are empowered by the Lagos State Urban and Regional Planning Act of 1998.. Africa Insight Vol. 37 (4) 2008 pp. 206-21

INVESTIGATION FOR OPTIMAL INHIBITION EFFICIENCY AGAINST MILD-CARBON STEEL CORRRSIONIN0.1 M ACIDIC MEDIA USING CASHEW EXTRACT

Corrosion is an everyday challenge in all sectors of the economy particularly the manufacturing industry and this has led to massive economic loss. Literature is sparse on optimal Inhibition efficiency from Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Tetra-oxo-sulphate (vi) Acid (H2SO4). The aim and objective of this research is to observe optimal Inhibition Efficiency from acidic media using cashew extracts as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor. 0.1M of HCl and H2SO4 of 0.1M were used for the cashew extract in this research. Mild carbon steel with thickness 0.1 cm was used. It was cut into various coupons of dimensions 4 x 5 x 0.1 cm. The cashew waste extract produced was used as a corrosion inhibitor on mild carbon steel in 0.1M of HCl and H2SO4. It was observed that as the concentration of inhibitor increases, the inhibitor efficiency also increases. The optimal inhibition efficiency observed in HCl was 80.5% while 83.7% was in H2SO4. After 336 hours of test, it was concluded that H2SO4 is a better acidic medium

Optimisation of Diesel Polluted Soil Using Response Surface Methodology

This research is based on the investigation of the bioremediation of diesel polluted soil using biostimulation strategy. The study was carried out on a diesel contaminated soil and concentrations: Tween 80 (5-15ml), Poultry droppings (20-60g), Hydrogen Peroxide (0.5-1.5ml) were added and incubated for 28 days of remediation period. Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used with three factors and three levels of Tween 80, Poultry droppings and Hydrogen Peroxide as independent variables while diesel oil (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) removal was the dependent variable (response). The result showed disparities in the diesel oil biodegradation pattern with respect to Tween 80, Poultry droppings and Hydrogen Peroxide. The statistical analysis, via ANOVA showed coefficient of determination R2 to be 99.89% and P < 0.05. The predicted optimum parameter of Tween 80: 10.10ml, Poultry droppings: 41.46g and Hydrogen Peroxide: 1.10ml were gotten while 56.565% was gotten as the optimal diesel oil removal. At this optimum condition, the observed diesel oil removal was found to be 56.568%. It can be concluded that bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil resulted in petroleum hydrocarbon degradation

Cleaning and Fortification of Degradation of Crude Oil in Polluted Soil Amended with Groundnut HSUK and Chicken Droppings Bioremidiately

f challenge to the polluting parties, government and residence of those areas. Bio-augmentation is a cost effective and environmentally friendly method to solve polluted soils. Biomass enhance the degradation of crude oil in soil may be an effective and friendly method to reduce or remove totally oil pollution in soil. This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of using groundnut husk and poultry droppings for bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil. Crude oil contaminated soil of 200 g was divided into four portions: A, B, C and D. A was treated with 70g chicken dropping and 30g Groundnut husk, Portion B was treated with 30g of chicken droppings and 70g of groundnut husk. However, C was treated with 50g of chicken droppings and 50g of groundnut husk and D was the control. Degradation of crude oil polluted soil was observed for 42days. The results revealed that the rates of crude oil biodegradation increased gradually with time and maximum amount lost was 81.81% in soil sample “A” containing 70% chicken droppings and 30% groundnut husk, 71.19% degraded in the sample “B” containing equal percentage of chicken droppings and groundnut husk (50%:50%) and 60.77% in the sample “C” containing 70% groundnut husk and 30% chicken droppings after a period of 6 weeks respectively. In concluded chicken droppings showed better degradation of soil than ground nut husk. Key words: Crude oil, Bio-augmentation, Groundnut husk, Poultry droppings, Polluted soi

Maxillectomy and quality of life: Experience from a Nigerian tertiary institution

Introduction: Maxillectomy is a surgical procedure for managing tumors affecting the maxilla; the goal of maxillectomy however should not be limited to tumor extirpation but should include restoration of oronasal function and facial contours, as failure to do these may give rise to psychosocial and functional challenges. This study aimed to appraise the pattern of maxillectomies, challenges of management, and quality of life (QOL) of a proportion of the study population. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Patients' case files from year 2000 to 2016 were retrieved and reviewed. Data extracted for analysis included age, gender, site of lesion, and histologic diagnosis; lesions were grouped as benign or malignant. Contacts were made with patients or their next of kin for a clinic review appointment where QOL was assessed with the University of Washington Quality of Life version 4 Questionnaire. Data were analyzed and result presented as means and frequencies. Results: Out of the 78 cases of maxillectomy recorded in the department within the study period, records were available and adequate in 67 cases. There were 37 (55.2%) females with a mean age of 35.88 ± 14.9 years. Swelling was the most common reason for presentation (63, 94%). The mean period between onset of disease and presentation for treatment was 3.66 ± 3.35 years. Distribution of lesions was benign 35 (52.2%) and malignant 32 (47.8%). Hemi-maxillectomy was the commonest surgical procedure (23, 34.8%). While majority had some prosthetic rehabilitation, 31 participants (48.5%) obtained no prosthesis. Eight participants gave scores of ≥75% when comparing their present health-related QOL (HR-QOL) with a month before surgery; the overall QOL was ≥60%. However, HR-QOL and overall QOL in the last 7 days before assessment were rated as good in 55.6% and 66.7%, respectively. Chewing was the most important domain to participants. Conclusion: The pattern of presentation and indications for maxillectomy in this series are similar to that from previous studies. The uptake of prosthetic rehabilitation was low and overall QOL was rated as fair. QOL should be considered as part of treatment outcome measure for maxillectomy

Condylar disarticulation; Analysis of 20 cases from a Nigerian Tertiary Centre

Background: A disarticulation resection is a variant of mandibular segmental resection in which the condylar articulation is sacrificed. Indication varies from primary condylar lesions to jaw conditions involving the condyle. Aim: This retrospective analysis was carried out to highlight the pattern of disarticulation resections carried out in our centre over a five-year period. Materials and Methods: Cases of mandibular resection were identified from the operation book. The medical records of patients who had disarticulation resection were then retrieved and analyzed for demography, indications for disarticulations, methods of reconstruction and complications. Results: A total of 20 cases of disarticulation with complete records were obtained, this constituted 24.7% of total mandibular resections in the department. There were 9 males and 11 females with a male: female ratio of 1:1.2. The age ranged between 13 and 59 years with a mean of 30.4 years (std. 12.0). Sixteen patients received autogenous bone graft; two were stabilized using Steinman′s pins and two with reconstruction plates. One bone graft and one reconstruction plate were removed because of infection and exteriorization respectively. Condyle was not replaced in any case. Outcomes were satisfactory but jaw deviation on opening was a common complaint in all cases. Conclusion : Condylar disarticulation accounts for a considerably high percentage of mandibular resection in our centre. Non vascularized immediate bone grafting without actual joint reconstruction was common. No disarticulation was carried out for traumatic reasons

Bilateral Transverse Facial Cleft as an Isolated Deformity

Transverse facial clefts are rare deformities, these mostly occur as part of syndromes such as facial dysostosis and branchial arch syndrome. This is a report of a case of isolated, asyndromic bilateral facial cleft seen at a semi-urban specialist hospital. Congenital facial defects remain sources of mental and social stress to the families. Infanticide, perhaps a thing of the past in the developed world may still be practiced in cases of congenital deformities in the developing countries, hence the need for early involvement of social workers and clinical psychologist in management.Facials fendus transverse sont des déformités rares, le plus souvent, ils arrivent comme une partie des syndromes tels que facial dysostose et syndrome branchial arch. Il s&apos;agit d&apos;un rapport d&apos;un cas isolé, facial fendu asyndromique bilatérial vu dans un hôpital specialiste semi-urban. Défauts facials congénitaux est toujours les sources du stress social et mental pour des familles. L&apos;enfanticide, peut-être une chose du passé dans le monde développé pourrait être en pratique dans les cas des déformités congénitales dans les pays en voie de développement, donc, le besoin pour une participation précoce des ouvriers social et psychologiste clinique dans la prise en charge

Sonographic Correlations Between Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion and Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Patients with Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Evaluating bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with prostatic enlargement may reflect the severity of the disease and aid in predicting the treatment outcome. Objectives: To determine the sonological correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and bladder outlet obstruction in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement. Methods: This prospective study was conducted over one year at the Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. A transabdominal ultrasound scan of the urinary bladder and prostate gland was carried out on patients with prostatic enlargement and BOO. The intravesical prostatic protrusion, pre-and post-void urine volumes, prostate volume and bladder wall thickness were measured. Results: A total of 132 men aged 43 to 90 years (mean age: 63.8±8.64 years) were studied. The median size of the intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) was 7.25 mm (IQR: 0.00 mm; 14.9 mm). The mean prostate volume was 63.3ml±36.0ml. Most subjects (55; 41.7%) had a prostate volume above 60ml, and most patients (101, 77.2%) had bladder wall thickness less than 5mm. The mean bladder wall thickness was 4.26mm±1.54mm. There was a statistically significant correlation between IPP and pre-void urine volume and prostate volume (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). Patients over 70 years had increasing IPP and post-void urine, which lacked statistical significance (p = 0.15). Conclusion: The severity of bladder outlet obstruction was reflected in the pre-void urine volume, which correlated with the size of IPP