Effects of gender, age and treatment duration on lipid profile and renal function indices in diabetic patients attending a teaching hospital in South-Western Nigeria

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with diabetic nephropathy and hyperlipidemia. Gender, age, medication adherence, lifestyle, culture and socioeconomic status could be sources of diversity in T2DM leading to differences in predisposition, development and clinical presentation. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of gender, age and treatment duration on kidney and lipid-related biochemical indices of T2DM patients attending Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria (EKSUTH).Methods: Blood from diabetic patients and healthy subjects was analysed for fasting blood glucose (FBG), renal function parameters and lipid profile. Influence of age, gender and treatment duration on indices was assessed using standard baseline values.     Results: Dyslipidemia was pronounced among female diabetics while the incidence of diabetes was found to be higher in middle-age. The percentage of diabetics with high levels of FPG, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol after 9-10 years of treatment were lower compared with the percentage after 5-6 years of treatment.    Conclusion: Gender, age and treatment duration influenced clinical course of T2DM among patients presenting at EKSUTH but long term treatment appeared to improve T2DM among patients.Keywords: Fasting blood glucose, dyslipidemia, creatinine, atherogenic index, diabetes, Ekiti State

Effects of gender, age and treatment duration on lipid profile and renal function indices in diabetic patients attending a teaching hospital in South-Western Nigeria

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with diabetic nephropathy and hyperlipidemia. Gender, age, medication adherence, lifestyle, culture and socioeconomic status could be sources of diversity in T2DM leading to differences in predisposition, development and clinical presentation. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of gender, age and treatment duration on kidney and lipid-related biochemical indices of T2DM patients attending Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria (EKSUTH). Methods: Blood from diabetic patients and healthy subjects was analysed for fasting blood glucose (FBG), renal function parameters and lipid profile. Influence of age, gender and treatment duration on indices was assessed using standard baseline values. Results: Dyslipidemia was pronounced among female diabetics while the incidence of diabetes was found to be higher in middle-age. The percentage of diabetics with high levels of FPG, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol after 9-10 years of treatment were lower compared with the percentage after 5-6 years of treatment. Conclusion: Gender, age and treatment duration influenced clinical course of T2DM among patients presenting at EKSUTH but long term treatment appeared to improve T2DM among patients

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Fingerprinting, Mineral Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Synsepalum dulcificum (Sapotaceae)

This study was carried out to identify the phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanol leaf extract of Synsepalum dulcificum (MSD). Standard protocols were used to evaluate the total phenols, total flavonoids and total antioxidants content of the extract. Nitric oxide (NO), hydroxyl radical (OH), ABTS ·+ and 2 ,2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the ability of MSD to chelate ferrous ion as well its reductive potential were also evaluated. High Performance Liquid Chromatography ( HPLC) was used to confirm the presence of polyphenols and carotenoids. Results showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides in the extract. Among others, appreciable levels of potassium, calcium, sodium and magnesium were detected in the e xtract. The IC 50 of the extract for DPPH, NO, OH - , and ABTS ·+ radicals scavenging assays were 139.45 μg/ml, 119.17 μg/ml, 147.65 μg/ml, and 135.83 μg/ml respectively . It could be inferred that MSD showed appreciable in vitro antioxidant activity and could be useful in preventing and ameliorating diseases in which free radicals are implicated

Quercetin and catechin assuage redox imbalance and neurochemical dysfunction in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity: A comparative in vivo experiment supported by in silico study

Background: Quercetin and catechin are structurally-related compounds that are capable of preventing or attenuating oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Rotenone is a naturally occurring compound that has been used to model neurotoxicity characterized by Parkinson disease-like symptoms. Purpose: This study investigated the comparative property of quercetin and catechin, to ameliorate oxidative damage and neurochemical dysfunction in hippocampal and cortical regions of brain of rats intoxicated with rotenone in vivo, supported by in silico study. Method: Male Wistar rats were subcutaneously administered rotenone for 10 days followed by post-treatment with catechin or quercetin (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) for 3 days. Markers of oxidative stress and neurochemical dysfunction were biochemically estimated in the hippocampus and cortex of the brain of rats while in silico study was carried out to evaluate the molecular interaction of some neurochemical enzymes with the compounds. Result: Quercetin and catechin ameliorated the reduction in complex 1 and Na+K+ATPase activities while attenuating the elevated lactate dehydrogenase activity in the brain of rotenone-intoxicated rats. Disturbances in acetylcholine, dopamine and glutamate metabolism as well as the evoked oxidative stress in rotenone-intoxicated rats were mitigated by quercetin and catechin. The in silico study revealed the key molecular interaction between the flavonoids and targeted enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase, glutamine synthetase and Na+K+ATPase) to be by hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. Conclusion: Catechin and quercetin significantly assuaged cortical and hippocampal redox stress and attenuated neurochemical dysfunction caused by rotenone toxicity. Furthermore, this study highlighted that the neuroprotective potentials of the flavonoids is a function of their structural patterns, and quercetin elicited superior activity over catechin due to its structural advantages

Mobola plum seed methanolic extracts exhibit mixed type inhibition of angiotensin â -converting enzyme in vitro

Objective: To explore the possible inhibitory potentials and mechanism by Mobola plum (Parinari curatellifolia) seeds crude methanol (CE) and flavonoid-rich (FE) extracts on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE â ). Methods: The sensitivity and kinetic model of inhibition of CE and FE on ACE â  using N-[3-(2-furyl)-acryloyl]-Phe-Gly-Gly as enzyme substrate for ACE â  was evaluated by Michealis Menten approach. The inhibition mechanism was explored from LineweaverâBurk model and IC50 was determined from ChengâPrusoff empirical analysis. Results: The IC50 of CE and FE were 13.54 and 39.38 μg/mL, respectively. Both extracts exhibited mixed type inhibition with the inhibitory constant (Ki) of CE was between 0.38 and 0.37 μg/mL while that of FE showed a two-fold increase (1.62 μg/mL and 0.28 μg/mL). FE on ACE â  demonstrated positive cooperativity with a Hill's coefficient of 1.89. Conclusions: The study reveals the superior ACE â  inhibitory potential of CE over FE and suggest that mixed inhibition pattern of the enzyme might be the underlying mechanism of antihypertensive activity. Keywords: Angiotensin converting enzyme, Blood pressure, FAPGG, Mixed type inhibition, Parinari curatellifoli