Kepatogenan Satelit Rna Yang Berasosiasi Dengan Cucumber Mosaic Virus (Cmv-satrna) Pada Tanaman Cabai

Pathogenicity of RNA satellite associated with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-satRNA) on hot pepper plant. The objective of this experiment was to determine the pathogenicity of RNA satellite associated with CMV (CMV-satRNA) on hot pepper plant and effects of mix infection of CMV-satRNA and other viruses naturally infecting hot pepper, PVY (potato virus Y) and TMV (tobacco mosaic virus). Two green house experiments were conducted in Gedong Meneng Bandar Lampung during June—November 2004. The treatments of the the first experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were hot pepper plant inoculated with CMV-satRNA, severe strain CMV-G, and control uninoculated plant. The second treatment was arranged in a complete block randomized design in a factorial experiment with four replications. The first factor was single inoculation of CMV-satRNA, PVY, TMV, double inoculatoin of CMV-satRNA and PVY, CMV-satRNA and TMV, PVY and TMV, and control uninoculated plant. The second factor was two hot varieties, Taro and Laris. The results of the first experiment showed that infection of CMV-satRNA did not significantly reduce the yield of hot pepper plant compared to severe strain CMV-G. The result of the second experiment indicated that mix infection of CMV-satRNA and TMV or CMV-satRNA and PVY did not induced a synergetic reaction on hot pepper plants

Penggunaan Pelacak Nonradioaktif (Digoxigenin-dna Probe) Untuk Mendeteksi Peanut Stripe Virus

The use of nonradioactive probe (Digoxigenin-DNA) for detection of peanut stripe virus. The objective of this experiment was to develop the nonradioactive-labeled probe to detect peanut stripe virus (PStV) in peanut leaves and seeds. Digoxigenin labeled cDNA (dig-DNA probe) was synthesized from recombinant plasmid (pHS1.23) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The probe containing 1.195 bp (base pair) corresponding to 3' termini, included part of NIb (nuclear inclusion body) gene, coat protein gene, and 3' untranslated region of PStV genome was used to detect the existence of PStV in peanut leaves and seeds of infected peanut plants

Respon Beberapa Genotipe Kedelai Terhadap Infeksi Cpmmv (Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus)

Response of various soybean genotipes against cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) infection. The green house experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of CPMMV infection on growth and yield of various soybean varieties. Treatments were arranged in completely randomized block design in split plot experiment. Mainplots were virus-inoculated and uninoculated plants; subplots were eight soybean varieties: Wilis, Orba, MLG 2521, Taichung, B 3570, Dieng, Tidar, and Pangrango. The results of this experiment showed that CPMMV infection decreased vegetative growth and yield of soybean plant. The decrease of dry weigth of soybean plant proved that CPMMV infection inhibited the vegetative growth. Taichung variety susceptible to CPMMV was indicated by significant reduction of the growth and yield. B3570 line tolerance to CPMMV infection was proved by lower reduction of the yield

Proximity (Mis)perception: Public Awareness of Nuclear, Refinery, and Fracking Sites

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this recordWhether on grounds of perceived safety, aesthetics, or overall quality of life, residents may wish to be aware of nearby energy sites such as nuclear reactors, refineries, and fracking wells. Yet people are not always accurate in their impressions of proximity. Indeed, our data show that only 54% of Americans living within 25 miles of a nuclear site say they do, and even fewer fracking-proximal (30%) and refinery-proximal (24%) residents respond accurately. In this article, we analyze factors that could either help people form more accurate perceptions or distort their impressions of proximity. We evaluate these hypotheses using a large national survey sample and corresponding geographic information system (GIS) data. Results show that among those living in close proximity to energy sites, those who perceive greater risk are less likely to report living nearby. Conversely, social contact with employees of these industries increases perceived proximity regardless of actual distance. These relationships are consistent across each site type we examine. Other potential factors—such as local news use—may play a role in proximity perception on a case-by-case basis. Our findings are an important step toward a more generalizable understanding of how the public forms perceptions of proximity to risk sites, showing multiple potential mechanisms of bias.European Union Horizon 202