A novel instrument of regional development in Turkey: Izmir development agency

In Turkey, due to centralized state tradition, regional development has been kept in background and priority has been mostly given to national development. Regional development has been grasped as an extension of national development, thus top-down policies, which ignore the dynamics of each region, have been applied. However, these policies have not been successful and have created deep socio-economic disparities between the regions. With Turkey's highly motivated accession bid to EU, at the end of the 1990s, effects of Copenhagen Criteria have been influential in the country. Europeanization process obliges amendments in many parts of Turkish polity as well as the administrative structure of Turkey. The process favors bottom-up, decentralized policies where regional actors become more active in the decision-making mechanism. Therefore, Europeanization challenges the existing centralized state structure of Turkey, and triggers a transformation where dynamics of governance may prevail. With regards to this, a break in the logic of regional policy has started to occur in Turkey; new instruments of regional policy are introduced. In this context, the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) was established and 26 NUTS 2 regions were formed. As a novel attempt, 26 Regional Development Agencies (RDAs), which are derived from NUTS 2 regions, will be generated in Turkey. It is an innovative attempt, because for the first time, with the Law on The Establishment and Duties of Development Agencies, regional level, which devolves some responsibilities of the state to regional level and promotes region-specific policies, is institutionalized in Turkey. Institutionalization of the regional level is a step towards the multi-level governance model of the EU, in which the regional level may interact with the EU without the interference of the central government. In this respect, two RDAs were established in Turkey and Izmir Development Agency (IZKA) is one of them. IZKA is chosen as one of the first RDAs in Turkey, since Izmir has already experienced a RDA structure, under a non-governmental organization (NGO), and has an active civil society, where NGOs, chambers of commerce and industry, universities and other regional actors are ready to cooperate with a RDA in order to develop the region

Vacutainer ve Enjektör ile Kan Alma Tekniğinin Hemoliz Oranına Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Objective: This study was conducted to determine hemolysis rates for venous blood samples drawn by injector and vacutainer holder and to assess the effect of the venipuncture technique on the process of hemolysis. Material and Method: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted with 128 patients who were admitted to the Cardiology and Angio clinics of a university hospital and met the inclusion criteria. One group of patients who were to have routine biochemical tests underwent venipuncture with an injector, and another group with a vacutainer. Results: The serum hemolysis level is not significantly different by gender. No significant correlation was found between blood serum hemolysis levels and age or Body Mass Index with blood drawn with an injector or with a vacutainer. While the serum hemolysis level was on average 0.11 g/dl in blood drawn with an injector, the level in blood drawn with a vacutainer was 0.06 g/dl; the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between hemolysis rates in blood drawn with an injector or with a vacutainer. However, the hemolysis rates in blood drawn with an injector were almost twice the rates noted in blood drawn with a vacutainer, and this difference may be clinically significant. Amaç: Bu araştırma enjektör ve vacutainer kullanılarak alınan venöz kanlarda hemoliz oranını belirlemek ve kan alma tekniğinin hemoliz gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel ve analitik tipte olan bu araştırma, bir üniversite hastanesinin Kardiyoloji ve Anjiyo kliniklerine yatışı yapılan ve araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan 128 hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Rutin biyokimyasal tetkikleri istenilen bir grup hastadan enjektörle, diğer gruptaki hastalardan vacutainer ile kan alınmıştır. Bulgular: Serum hemoliz düzeyi cinsiyetler arasında anlamlı olarak farklı değildir. Enjektör ve vacutainer ile alınan kan örneklerindeki serum hemoliz düzeyleri ile yaş ve Beden Kütle İndeksi arasında anlamlı korelasyon saptanmamıştır. Serum hemoliz düzeyi enjektör ile alınan kanlarda ortalama 0.11 g/dl iken vacutainer ile alınan kanlarda ortalama 0.06 g/dl olup bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Sonuç: Bu araştırmada enjektör ve vacutainer ile alınan kan örneklerindeki hemoliz oranları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermemiştir. Ancak enjektörle alınan kanlarda ortalama hemoliz oranı vacutainer ile alınan kanlardan neredeyse iki kat fazladır, bu fark klinik açıdan anlamlı olabilmektedir

Care Priorities and Critical Nursing Interventions in Patients with COVID-19: Four Different Case Reports

2019 koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) yeni bir solunum yolu hastalığıdır ve salgın süreci dünyada yüz binlerce insanı etkilemiştir. Pandemik hale gelen bu süreçte tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de hemşireler topluma nitelikli ve güvenli sağlık hizmeti sunmak için ön saflarda görev almaktadır. Bu olağanüstü koşullarda büyük çaba ile COVID-19 tanılı hastalara bakım veren hemşirelerin, hastayı bütüncül olarak değerlendirebilmeleri gerekmektedir. Ayrıca hemşirelik girişimlerini planlayabilmeleri için de etkili hemşirelik bakımına yönelik yol haritaları sunmanın önemli olduğu bir gerçektir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada COVID-19 tanısı almış dört ayrı olgu, her bir vakaya özgü hemşirelik tanıları doğrultusunda bakım öncelikleri ve kritik hemşirelik girişimleri ile sunulmuşturThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new respiratory disease, and as a pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people all around the world. In Turkey, as well as all over the world, nurses are on the front lines to provide qualified and safe healthcare services to the society. In these extraordinary conditions, nurses who care for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 should be able to evaluate the patient as a whole. It is also a fact that it is important to provide road maps for effective nursing care so that they can plan nursing interventions. In this context, four different cases diagnosed with COVID-19, their care priorities, and critical nursing interventions are presented in line with the nursing diagnoses specific to each case

Sex difference in alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a scoping review of clinical studies

BackgroundWe conducted a review of all studies comparing clinical aspects of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) between men and women.MethodsFive databases (PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scopus and Clinical Trials) were searched for clinical studies using the keywords “alcohol withdrawal syndrome” or “delirium tremens” limited to “sex” or “gender” or “sex difference” or “gender difference.” The search was conducted on May 19, 2023. Two reviewers selected studies including both male and female patients with AWS, and they compared males and females in type of AWS symptoms, clinical course, complications, and treatment outcome.ResultsThirty-five observational studies were included with a total of 318,730 participants of which 75,346 had AWS. In twenty of the studies, the number of patients presenting with or developing AWS was separated by sex, resulting in a total of 8,159 (12.5%) female patients and a total of 56,928 (87.5%) male patients. Despite inconsistent results, males were more likely than females to develop complicated AWS [delirium tremens (DT) and AW seizures, collective DT in Males vs. females: 1,792 (85.4%) vs. 307 (14.6%), and collective seizures in males vs. females: 294 (78%) vs. 82 (22%)]. The rates of ICU admissions and hospital length of stay did not show sex differences. Although variable across studies, compared to females, males received benzodiazepine treatment at higher frequency and dose. One study reported that the time from first hospitalization for AWS to death was approximately 1.5 years shorter for males and males had higher mortality rate [19.5% (197/1,016)] compared to females [16% (26/163)].ConclusionDespite the significant heterogeneity of the studies selected and the lack of a focus on investigating potential sex differences, this review of clinical studies on AWS suggests that men and women exhibit different AWS manifestations. Large-scale studies focusing specifically on investigating sex difference in AWS are needed

ÇOCUK DAVRANIŞ LİSTESİ KISA FORMUNUN TÜRKÇE GEÇERLİLİK-GÜVENİLİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI VE 3-6 YAŞ ÇOCUKLARINDA MİZACIN ETYOLOJİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Mizaç, bir çocuğun dış dünyadaki uyaranlara verdiği cevabı belirleyen, kalıtımsal olarak geçen, biyolojik temelleri olan ve çevre özelliklerine göre değişebilen özellikler bütünüdür. Çocuğun mizaç özelliklerinin bilinmesi ve buna göre dış ortamın değiştirilmesi ileride oluşabilecek ruhsal ve gelişimsel sorunların azalmasına yardımcı olur. Bu çalışmada, 3–7 yaş arasındaki Türk çocuklarında mizaç özelliklerinin anlaşılmasına yardımcı olacak Çocuk Davranış Listesi Kısa Formu’nu Türkçe’ye çevirmek ve 3-6 yaş arası çocuklarda mizacın etyolojisini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. ÇDL-KF’yi geçerlilik-güvenilirlik analizini yapmak için çalışmaya 3 ile 7 yaş arasında 87 çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Test Türkçe’ye çevrilerek katılımcıların annelerine birer hafta arayla iki kez olacak şekilde doldurtulmuş böylece test-tekrar test çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan geçerlilik-güvenilirlik analizinde testin Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu bulunmuştur. Mizacın etyolojisinin araştırılması için, çalışmaya, yaşları 3 ile 6 arasında değişen 7 tek, 10 çift yumurta ikizi alınmıştır. İkizlerle yapılan bu çalışmaya göre özellikle yaklaşım/olumlu katılım, kızgınlık/düş kırıklığı, korku, engelleme denetimi, utangaçlık ve gülümseme-kahkaha mizaç özellikleri başta olmak üzere mizacın genetik geçişli olduğu gösterilmiştir. Biyolojik verilerle karşılaştırıldığında çeşitli mizaç özelliklerinin biyolojik faktörlerden etkilendiği bulunmuştur. Özellikle azalan tepki/sakinleşme mizaç özelliğinin hormonlarla 120 kuvvetli bir ilişkisi olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çevresel etkenlerle mizaç özellikleri arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde ise çevre özelliklerinin genetik aktarımdan bağımsız olacak şekilde mizacı etkilediği bulunmuştur.Temperament is the complement of inborn traits that determine the way a child reacts to the world. Temperament is heritable, has biological bases and can mutate according to environment. Determining the temperament of the child and to arrange the environment accordingly will help to minimize the possible future developmental and psychological problems. In this study, to translate the Children Behavior Questionnaire Short Form into Turkish to be an instrument to define the temperament of the children aged 3-6 and to display the etiology of the children temperament is aimed. 87 children aged 3-6 were included in the study to analyse the reliability and validity of Turkish version of the Short Form of CBQ. Form was translated in to Turkish and filled twice with a week interval by the mothers of the participating children. Thereby, test-retest study was achieved. Turkish version of the form was concluded to be reliable and valid according to this analyse. To study the etiology of the temperament, 10 dizygotic and 7 monozygotic twins aged between 3 and 6 were included in the study. According to the study, temperament is showed to be heritable especially for the dimensions approach/positive participation, anger/frustration, fear, inhibitory control, shyness and smiling-laughter. When compared with the biological data, some dimensions of the temperament are affected by the biological factors. Especially, falling 122 reactivity/soothability dimension of the temperament is strongly related to hormones. When, the relation between the environmental factors and temperament, it is observed that the environmental properties affect the temperament as independent of heredity

Heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of crystal violet using an iron loaded ZSM-5 zeolite

12th International Conference on Protection and Restoration of the Environment (PRE) -- JUN 29-JUL 03, 2014 -- GREECEWOS: 000371485300039The heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of a cationic triphenylmethane dye, crystal violet (CV), dissolved in water was investigated using an iron-loaded ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope, analysis, and nitrogen adsorption-Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (N-2-BET) studies. The effects of temperature, solution pH, H2O2 amount, catalyst amount, and initial dye concentration were investigated using the heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of an aqueous CV. The increase in the concentration of H2O2 from 3 to 7.5mM enhanced the decolorization. Whereas increasing the H2O2 amount from 7.5 to 10mM led to a decrease in the color removal from 94.1 to 85.5%. An acidic pH of 3.5 was favorable for the decolorization of the dye. The decolorization of the dye decreased with the increase in the initial concentration of CV. Doubling the amount of the catalyst enhanced the decolorization from 94.1 to 99.6% while the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal changed from 50 to 58.8%. The increase in temperature positively affected the decolorization and the COD reduction of the dye. The stability of the catalyst was maintained even after using the catalyst for three cycles, and a small iron leaching was also proof of the stability of the catalyst. The initial color removal rate of the CV was described as -r(CV),(o)=7.3e(-14.7/RT)C(CV,o)(0.7) where R=8.314J/mol K and C-CV,C-o and were in mol/dm(3).Univ Thessaly, Civil Engn Dept, Univ Thessaly, Dept Planning & Reg Dev, Stevens Inst Techno

Commuter Exposure to Black Carbon, Fine Particulate Matter and Particle Number Concentration in Ferry and at the Pier in Istanbul

This paper presents measurements and analyses of the concentrations of black carbon (BC), particle number concentration (PNC), and PM2.5 (<= 2.5 mu m) while commuting by ferries in Istanbul. In this context, exposures to the mentioned pollutants were estimated for car ferry, fast ferry, and at the piers, and for two travel routes, for a total of 89 trips. BC, PNC, and PM2.5 measurements were simultaneously performed in a ferry and at the piers, and the correlation between pollutant concentrations, meteorological parameters, and environmental factors were analyzed. The mean concentrations for all pollutants in car ferry were lower than the average concentrations in fast ferry. The concentration ratios of fast ferry to car ferry for BC, PNC, and PM2.5 were 6.4, 1.2, and 1.3, respectively. High variability in the concentrations was observed at the piers and in ferry during berthing. The highest mean concentrations (+/- standard deviation) of BC (14.3 +/- 10.1 mu g m(-3)) and PNC (42,005 +/- 30,899 pt cm(-3)) were measured at Yalova pier. The highest mean concentration (+/- standard deviation) of PM2.5 (26.1 +/- 11.5) was measured at Bostanci pier. It was observed that the main external sources of BC, PNC, and PM2.5 at the piers were road transport, residential heating, and shipping activity. There were no significant correlations between BC, PNC, and PM2.5 in fast ferry, while BC was positively correlated with PNC (r = 0.61, p < 0.01) and PM2.5 (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) in car ferry. At the piers, significant relations between pollutants and meteorological variables were observed. It was noticed that there was no significant difference between summer and winter in ferry and at the pier concentrations of BC, PNC, and PM2.5 except for Yenikapi pier and Bakirkoy pier. The highest total exposure to PNC and PM2.5 was in car ferry mode, while the highest total exposure to BC was in fast ferry mode