Proton configurations in the hydrogen bonds of KH2PO4 as seen by resonant x-ray diffraction

KH2PO4 (KDP) belongs to the class of hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics, whose paraelectric to ferroelectric phase transition is driven by the ordering of the protons in the hydrogen bonds. We demonstrate that forbidden reflections of KDP, when measured at an x-ray absorption edge, are highly sensitive to the asymmetry of proton configurations. The change of average symmetry caused by the "freezing" of the protons during the phase transition is clearly evidenced. In the paraelectric phase, we identify in the resonant spectra of the forbidden reflections a contribution related to the transient proton configurations in the hydrogen bonds, which violates the high average symmetry of the sites of the resonant atoms. The analysis of the temperature dependence reveals a change of relative probabilities of the different proton configurations. They follow the Arrhenius law, and the activation energies of polar and Slater configurations are 18.6 and 7.3 meV, respectively

The activity-based approach to achieving theoretical and practical consensus in pedagogy of N. F. Talyzina

The relevance of the problem under study is based on the necessity to solve the permanent problem of the unity of theory and practice in the content of students’ cognitive activity in the modern conditions. The purpose of the article is to analyze and to generalize the main concepts of pedagogy by N.F. Talyzina for implementation of the activity-based approach as a productive means of achieving theoretical and practical consensus in the process of forming students’ cognitive activity. The lead approach to studying this problem is the activity-based approach which adequately expresses the objective and the essence of our research. The article is based on the concepts of pedagogy by N.F. Talyzina and reveals the conceptual and instrumental components of implementing the activity-based approach as a productive means of achieving theoretical and practical consensus in the process of forming students’ cognitive activity. The materials of the article can be useful in modeling, designing and constructing a pedagogical concept aimed at achieving the balance between theoretical and practical components within the process of carrying out educational activity. © 2016 Chapaev et al

Spiritual and moral foundations of craft profession training

The relevance of the problem under consideration stemmed from the need of revival of craft education system in Russia which focuses on training personnel for small handicraft enterprises, and it is also very important to identify, to preserve and to adapt it to the modern realities of pedagogical experience which was gained by the vocational education system in the past. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for development of spiritual, moral, organizational and pedagogical foundations of craft vocational education development in Russia theoretically and methodologically. The central approach to the investigation of this problem is the study and generalization of pedagogical experience which makes it possible to substantiate the tendencies of formation of a new type of vocational education in Russia. The result of the study was the substantiation of the key qualities of a master craftsman as a creative thinker and craft labour as a man-making system of knowledge and practical experience forming “multidimensional human integrity”. The statement that modern craft education should take into account the productive and transforming essence of a person as fully as possible, and thus, it should be acmeologically oriented can be considered the key conclusion. The materials of the article can be useful to practitioners and vocational education scientists, teachers and postgraduate students who are interested in the development of teaching system and personnel training system. © 2018 by the authors

Using educational technology in applications as element of teaching for special disciplines

The relevance of research problem due to high growth of information technologies roles in industrial activity and low level of teachers professionalism in topics related with information technology. Purpose of article is to show main components of a learning technology aimed at improving level teachers skills to solve didactic problems associated with computer technologies and issues in field of IT private industry. Main strategy to resolve of this problem are: system and activity approach, which allow model a structure activities of future specialist and activity model which required for learning technologies working with application programs (AP); hermeneutic approach which allows to establish a system of semantic interpretation of the conceptual apparatus of the user interface taking into account the level of users ' perception on different levels of using of applied programs; integrative approach which establish a single semantic component for group of disciplines related to information technologies, allowing to optimize learning process inside framework of application software that underlies this technology. In article presents main components of a learning technology, which works with application software: diagram of activities, which works with PC in office, methods of formation of conceptual apparatus in the field of creation of AP algorithms, minimizing of users algorithms. Article will useful for IT teachers, which implement program of preparation of bachelors of vocational training (by industry), as well as business coaches, which will be create a instructional card for user training. © 2016 Neupokoeva et al

Greenbug resistance in barley landraces from Uzbekistan

Background. The greenbug (Sсhizaphis graminum Rondani) can significantly reduce the yield of barley and other cereals in the southern regions of Russia. Cultivation of resistant varieties can significantly limit the pathogen’s harmfulness. At the same time, specific interaction with the genotypes of the host plant, characteristic of S. graminum, requires a continuous search for new resistance donors to broaden the genetic diversity of barley cultivars. Materials and methods. The resistance of 178 accessions of barley landraces from Uzbekistan to the Krasnodar greenbug population was tested in laboratory experiments. Juvenile plants were infested with aphids of different ages, and when the susceptible control died (cv. ‘Belogorsky’), resistance was assessed on a 0 to 10 (plant death) rating scale. Plants with a damage rate of 1–4 points (up to 30% of the leaf surface being damaged) belonged to the resistant class; damage rate of 5–8 points indicated moderate resistance of plants, and that of 9–10 meant susceptibility. In addition, we assessed the aphid damage of the winter barley cultivar ‘Post’, protected by the previously identified resistance gene Rsg1.Results and conclusions. We identified 52 barley accessions as heterogeneous for the studied trait. In six accessions, plants with high (points 3 to 4) and moderate (5 to 8) resistance were identified; 6 accessions were differentiated into 3 phenotypic classes: resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible; and in 40 accessions the manifestation of the resistance component varied within 5 to 7 points (from 31 to 60% of the leaf surface being damaged). The distinctly expressed resistance of 12 accessions is controlled by alleles of resistance genes that differ from Rsg1. After selection for resistance, the identified accessions can be used in breeding

Color terms and phraseological units of sports jargon: russian and french languages

The study discusses some aspects of sports communication and linguistic worldview with due regard to national and cultural parameters. In particular, the authors of the article study sport phraseological units with coloronim-components in Russian and Frenc

Semi-quantitative risk assessment of peste des petits ruminants introduction with wild animals into Russian Federation

The Russian Federation was officially recognized free from peste des petitts ruminants (PPR). As far as the disease infects both domestic and wild small ruminants, it is important to identify the level of the threat associated with the wild fauna diversity in the neighboring countries, where PPR outbreaks were reported. For that reason, habitats of various disease susceptible animal species were examined. Habitats of the wild susceptible animals were mapped for further examination of the interactions between different animal species using zoological research data; PPR outbreaks in wild animals were also designated in the map thus allowing for the detection of the potential routes of the infection spread in the population and introduction to the country. Analysis of the PPR epidemic situation in the country demonstrated that the disease cases were reported in wild mountain animals (ibices and moufflons) and migratory steppe animals (gazelles and saigas). Risk of this highly contagious viral disease spread in wild small ruminants in Mongolia was reported (probability 0.77). Expert survey was carried out for the determination of possible trends and factors of the infection introduction with the wild susceptible animals, through which small ruminant epizootologists assessed the risk probability. During the survey it was determined that PPR was expected to be introduced from Mongolia (probability 0.81), and of major significance were seasonal migrations of wild animal populations. The resulted semi-quantitative parameters of the potential risk can be recommended for the arrangement and implementation of measures aimed at prevention of PPR introduction and spread in the intact domestic and wild small ruminant populations inhabiting the territory of the Russian Federation

Global digitalization and linguistic aesthetics: textology and linguistic identity

In a publicistic way, the article discusses the problem of correlations between digitalization and linguistic aesthetic

Sports vocabulary: political and everyday discourse

The problems of the functioning of sports vocabulary in the semiotic space of political and everyday discourse in France are considered in the study. The characteristics of the components of the discourse picture of the world of the French linguoculture are described, the key element of which is the linguistic personality of the politician and the generalized native speaker. The analysis of factual data is based on a linguistic semiotic approach to their interpretation, as a rule, within the framework of a discourse statement, as well as at the level of the nominative fund of the national languag

Interrogative in the humanities and linguistics: the epistemology of research

The article discusses the epistemological foundations of the study of the interrogative in linguistics and humanities. The purpose of the article is to identify semiotic correlations between the interrogative and the language thinking of native speakers of national languages: Russian and Frenc