Contextual analysis of mathematical expressions for advanced mathematical search

Abstract-We found a way to use mathematical search to provide better navigation for reading papers on computers. Since the superficial information of mathematical expressions is ambiguous, considering not only mathematical expressions but also the texts around them is necessary. We present how to extract a natural language description, such as variable names or function definitions that refer to mathematical expressions with various experimental results. We first define an extraction task and constructed a reference dataset of 100 Japanese scientific papers by hand. We then propose the use of two methods, pattern matching and machine learning based ones for the extraction task. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is shown through experiments by using the reference set

英語保育教材の開発と実践 : コアラの手遊びを指導して

In our bulletin last year, we made two music scores of \u27koala\u27 and \u27wombat\u27, and created finger rhymes of these songs. Yokoi visited an Australian kindergarten in February 2005 and taught the finger rhyme of \u27Koala1 to 4-and 5-year-old children. In this paper, we report the process of this instruction in Australia and add detailed consideration to it. Takamori also analyzes the finger rhymes which the Australian kindergarten teacher played

Resectable hepatoblastoma with tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium after chemotherapy: A case report

AbstractHepatoblastoma with intraatrial tumor thrombus is relatively rare. We report a case of hepatoblastoma with tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium, which responded well to chemotherapy and was resected using extracorporeal circulation. A 4-year-old girl was referred to our hospital because of abdominal distention and tenderness. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large tumor occupying the left 3 segments of the liver with tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium. There was also a small intrahepatic metastasis in the right lobe of the liver. She was diagnosed with hepatoblastoma on the basis of the results of open biopsy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with an intense CDDP-based regimen was performed. The tumor responded well to chemotherapy, and intrahepatic metastasis became undetectable on CT scan, although the tumor thrombus remained in the right atrium. After 7 courses of chemotherapy, we performed resection using extracorporeal circulation. The postoperative course was uneventful, and adjuvant chemotherapy was started 10 days after the operation. Her serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level decreased to the normal range, and she was free of disease for 1 year after the operation. Tumor resection using extracorporeal circulation can be performed safely and is justified in patients with intraatrial tumor thrombus

LDL-C/HDL-C Ratio Predicts Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression Better Than HDL-C or LDL-C Alone

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are strong predictors of atherosclerosis. Statin-induced changes in the ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C (LDL-C/HDL-C) predicted atherosclerosis progression better than LDL-C or HDL-C alone. However, the best predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis remains unknown. Our objective was to investigate this issue by measuring changes in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). A total of 1,920 subjects received health examinations in 1999, and were followed up in 2007. Changes in IMT (follow-up IMT/baseline IMT × 100) were measured by ultrasonography. Our results showed that changes in IMT after eight years were significantly related to HDL-C (inversely, P < 0.05) and to LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (P < 0.05). When the LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were divided into quartiles, analysis of covariance showed that increases in the ratio were related to IMT progression (P < 0.05). This prospective study demonstrated the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a better predictor of IMT progression than HDL-C or LDL-C alone

Two Novel Mutations in the EYS Gene Are Possible Major Causes of Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa in the Japanese Population

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a highly heterogeneous genetic disease including autosomal recessive (ar), autosomal dominant (ad), and X-linked inheritance. Recently, arRP has been associated with mutations in EYS (Eyes shut homolog), which is a major causative gene for this disease. This study was conducted to determine the spectrum and frequency of EYS mutations in 100 Japanese arRP patients. To determine the prevalence of EYS mutations, all EYS exons were screened for mutations by polymerase chain reaction amplification, and sequence analysis was performed. We detected 67 sequence alterations in EYS, of which 21 were novel. Of these, 7 were very likely pathogenic mutations, 6 were possible pathogenic mutations, and 54 were predicted non-pathogenic sequence alterations. The minimum observed prevalence of distinct EYS mutations in our study was 18% (18/100, comprising 9 patients with 2 very likely pathogenic mutations and the remaining 9 with only one such mutation). Among these mutations, 2 novel truncating mutations, c.4957_4958insA (p.S1653KfsX2) and c.8868C>A (p.Y2956X), were identified in 16 patients and accounted for 57.1% (20/35 alleles) of the mutated alleles. Although these 2 truncating mutations were not detected in Japanese patients with adRP or Leber's congenital amaurosis, we detected them in Korean arRP patients. Similar to Japanese arRP results, the c.4957_4958insA mutation was more frequently detected than the c.8868C>A mutation. The 18% estimated prevalence of very likely pathogenic mutations in our study suggests a major involvement of EYS in the pathogenesis of arRP in the Japanese population. Mutation spectrum of EYS in 100 Japanese patients, including 13 distinct very likely and possible pathogenic mutations, was largely different from the previously reported spectrum in patients from non-Asian populations. Screening for c.4957_4958insA and c.8868C>A mutations in the EYS gene may therefore be very effective for the genetic testing and counseling of RP patients in Japan

リンパ球造血支持細胞におけるグランザイムDの選択的発現及び機能に関する研究

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第8085号医博第2173号新制||医||727(附属図書館)UT51-2000-C35京都大学大学院医学研究科外科系専攻(主査)教授 桂 義元, 教授 西川 伸一, 教授 田中 紘一学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

An Approach to Similarity Search for Mathematical Expressions using MathML

summary:The recent global computerization and digitization trend has helped to increase the numbers of documents with mathematical expressions on the Web. These mathematical expressions have their own unique structures, and therefore, it is not an easy task for traditional search systems targeting natural languages to deal with them. We propose a similarity search method for mathematical equations that is particularly adapted to the tree structures expressed by MathML based on this background. The similarity search system helps users acquire additional knowledge, discover concealed relationships to different fields, and compensate for some false recognition. Given an equation as a query, most of the conventional mathematical search systems return corresponding equations that exactly match the query. Contrarily, our proposed system makes it possible to return similar equations by measuring the similarity using tree-matching techniques and also by reforming the structure of Content-based MathML. In this paper, we examine our proposed techniques through preliminary experimentation using a prototype search system, and show this techniques’ effectiveness based on some conditions requested by the user

Prognosis and clinical issues of esophageal atresia in extremely low birth weight neonates: a case series

Abstract Background Esophageal atresia (EA) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates is rare. This report aims to clarify EA’s clinical courses and prognosis in ELBW neonates and the clinical issues of long-term survival cases. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted for 8 neonates diagnosed with esophageal atresia. Medical records of ELBW EA neonates treated at our institution were reviewed to assess patient demographics, clinical courses, and outcomes. Transferred patient data was obtained from their local physicians through questionnaires. Results EA in ELBW neonates were included in 8 of EA infants (7%). Fatal respiratory and cardiovascular complications of trisomy 18 and complications related to immaturity such as liver failure and pulmonary hypertension were associated with poor prognosis. During primary operations, gastrostomy and esophageal banding were performed together in 50% of the cases, while gastrostomy was performed alone in 25%. The esophageal anastomosis was not performed during any primary operation. All causes of death, except for 1 case, were due to non-surgical causes. A long-term survival case of 17 years postoperatively was included. Conclusion Although ELBW EA has a poor prognosis, long-term survival is possible in some cases, so aggressive therapeutic intervention is considered essential. It is important to share information about the prognosis with parents and multidisciplinary specialists and to select an appropriate treatment strategy for each case