2-Carboxy­pyridinium hydrogen chloranilate. Corrigendum

Corrigendum to Acta Cryst. (2005), E61, o4215–o4217

混沌とする世界における国際機関の強化 : ヒロシマの果たす役割は

巻頭言...4 第Ⅰ部　戦後国際関係に果した国際機関の役割 　The Future of Multilateralism:Governing the World in a Post-Hegemonic Era...G.John Ikenberry...6 　『ジュネーヴ軍縮会議』の取り組み : その成果と現状...天野万利...12 　War Occurrence and Multilateral Institutions...Takashi Inogushi...17 第Ⅱ部　混沌とする世界における国際機関の強化 　Gridlock: Why Global Cooperation is Failing When We Need it Most...David Held...20 　Post-2015 Development Agenda and the Role of the United Nations...Akiko Yuge...27 　混沌とする世界と国際機関の強化...西田恒夫...32 基調講演 　日本と世界の当面するチャレンジ...明石康...37 第Ⅲ部　ヒロシマは何ができるのか？ 　MULTILATERALISM IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD : Meeting Grand Global Challenges...Brian D. Finlay...43 　被爆地からの訴えは核軍縮を促したか...水本和実...49 　北東アジア非核兵器地帯の実現に向けた広島の役割...山本武彦...55 　ヒロシマの思想、そして今後のヒロシマの役割...川野徳幸...59 巻末言...73 資料1　シンポジウム・ポスター...75 資料2　キーワード集...77 資料3　参加者アンケート結果...82広島大学平和科学研究センター／新潟県立大学共催国際シンポジウ

Support for UNRWA's survival

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) provides life-saving humanitarian aid for 5·4 million Palestine refugees now entering their eighth decade of statelessness and conflict. About a third of Palestine refugees still live in 58 recognised camps. UNRWA operates 702 schools and 144 health centres, some of which are affected by the ongoing humanitarian disasters in Syria and the Gaza Strip. It has dramatically reduced the prevalence of infectious diseases, mortality, and illiteracy. Its social services include rebuilding infrastructure and homes that have been destroyed by conflict and providing cash assistance and micro-finance loans for Palestinians whose rights are curtailed and who are denied the right of return to their homeland

Anti-oxidative enzyme catalase controls proliferation of HaCaT cells through the regulation of heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase

Heparan sulfate (HS) chains can interact with a variety of growth factors possessing heparin-binding domains, such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), enabling them to transfer to their high-affinity signaling receptors on the cell surface. In this study, we demonstrated the correlation between the expression of anti-oxidative enzymes and the HS chain in the human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. The overexpression of catalase induced an increase of anti-HS antibody (10E4) epitope expression in these cells; however the MnSOD transfectant expressed it at the same level as the control cells. Western blotting showed that the smeared bands of HSPG were obviously shifted to higher-molecular-weight in the catalase transfectants owing to glycosylation. The levels of glycosyltransferases (XT-II, EXTL2, GLCE, HS2ST1 and HS6ST1) transcripts were significantly increased in the transfectants. In contrast, siRNA-mediated repression of catalase decreased 10E4 epitope expression, the transcript level of HS2ST1, and proliferation of HaCaT cells; however it did not significantly down-regulate the transcript level of HS6ST1. In addition, siRNA-mediated repression of HS2ST1 decreased HaCaT cell proliferation, although repression of HS6ST1 did not reduce it. These findings suggest that catalase may be able to modify the HS chains in the keratinocytes through the regulation of HS2ST1 to control HaCaT cell proliferation.37th Annual ESDR Meeting 200

Hydrogen peroxide as a potential mediator of the transcriptional regulation of heparan sulphate biosynthesis in keratinocytes.

Ionizing radiation is one of the types of oxidative stress that has a number of damaging effects on cutaneous tissues. One of the histological features of radiation-induced cutaneous fibrosis is the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), which are required for the repair of tissue damage, and operate by interacting with a variety of growth factors. In this study, we established a model of human HaCaT keratinocytes overexpressing anti-oxidative enzyme genes to elucidate the mechanism of oxidative stress leading to the accumulation of HSPG and the role of its accumulation. Catalase overexpression induced an increase in anti-HS antibody (10E4) epitope expression in these cells. Western blotting showed that the smeared bands of HSPG were obviously shifted to a higher molecular weight in the catalase transfectants due to glycosylation. After heparitinase I treatment, the core proteins of HSPG were expressed in the catalase transfectants to almost the same extent as in the control cells. In addition, the transcript levels of all the enzymes required for the synthesis of the heparan sulfate chain were estimated in the catalase transfectant clones. The levels of five enzyme transcripts - xylosyltransferase-II (XT-II), EXTL2, D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase (GLCE), HS2-O-sulfotransferase (HS2ST), and HS6-O-sulfotransferase (HS6ST) - were significantly increased in the transfectants. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide was found to down-regulate the levels of these enzymes. By contrast, siRNA-mediated repression of catalase decreased 10E4 epitope expression, the transcript level of HS2ST1, and the growth rate of HaCaT cells. These findings suggested that peroxide-mediated transcriptional regulation of HS metabolism-related genes modified the HS chains in the HaCaT keratinocytes

Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Hair Follicle Apoptosis in Mice and the Preventive Effects of FGF1 Therein

Ionizing radiation at high dose causes skin damages and hair loss, and hair follicle apoptosis is one of the major prognostic factors. However, it is difficult to examine the hair loss in small animals such as mice, because total body irradiation (TBI) causes their death with a very high dose. In this study, we aimed to establish the in vivo assay system of radiation-induced apoptosis in plucking-induced anagen hair follicles and used this assay to evaluate preventive effects of FGF1. A portion of the dorsal skin of seven-week-old male BALB/c mice harboring uniform telogen phase hair follicles was depilated for induction of anagen. BrdU incorporation and PCNA staining confirmed that the follicle keratinocytes were markedly proliferating in the following anagen phase. The mice received TBI with gamma-rays at doses ranging 8-16 Gy at anagen V 6 days after depilation. TUNEL assay was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of the dorsal skin to evaluate apoptosis over time after irradiation. Irradiation extremely increased TUNEL-positive cells in these follicles in a dose dependent manner 24 hours after irradiation, although they were few in the non-depilated skin in case of irradiation. FGF1 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 10-100 microgram 24 hours before TBI. As a result, FGF1 decreased the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells in the follicles after irradiation. TBI at a dose of 8 Gy causes not only hematopoietic damage, but also intestinal damage, resulting in death of mice about a week postexposure. Therefore, the induction of anagen by plucking hair is useful to evaluate growth factors for effects on the radiation skin damages and hair loss, because it enables us to analyze the radiation-induced apoptosis 24 hours after exposure.International Investigative Dermatology 200