Make them Focus on Form: Incorporating e-mail-mediated Language Learning Activities into Communication-based EFL Classrooms in a Japanese Junior High School Context [全文の要約]

関西大

中学生の英語明示的知識と習熟度の関係—中学校３年間の変化—

本研究は、中学生の明示的文法知識と英語習熟度の関係を３年間に渡って調査した縦断的研究の報告である。明示的知識は独自に作成した文法性判断テストで測定し、英語習熟度はベネッセのGTEC for Studentsの点数を利用して調査した。分析の結果、両変数間の相関は学年が上がるにつれて高まる傾向が見られた。また、小学校の英語活動で身に着けた高い英語習熟度を中学校でも維持している生徒は、3年間通して明示的知識が豊富であった。これらの結果は、昨今の「コミュニケーション重視」の中学校英語教育においても、明示的文法知識が重要であることを示唆している

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Basal Surface of the Corneal Endothelium and the Stromal and Endothelial Surfaces of Descemet's Membrane in Rats

The basal surface of the corneal endothelium and the stromal and endothelial surfaces of Descemet's membrane in rats were studied by scanning electron microscopy. We compared the fine structures of the two surfaces of Descemet's membrane both after sputter-coating with platinum and without sputter-coating. Fine structures were made clearly visible without metal coating by heating specimens to 300°C during observation. After sputter-coating, both surfaces of Descemet's membrane were composed of granular substances, but their sizes were larger on the stromal side than on the endothelial side. Both surfaces of Descemet's membrane observed without sputter-coating were composed of fine fibrous structures showing a felt-like appearance, but their diameters were thicker on the stromal surface. These results may reflect a difference in collagen types between the two surfaces of Descemet's membrane

Differential, histochemical and immunohistochemical changes in rat hepatocytes after isoflurane or sevoflurane exposure.

Differential, histochemical and immunohistochemical changes were observed in hepatocytes from immediately to 7 days after isoflurane or sevoflurane exposure (at H 0 to on Day 7) to study the process of development and recovery in anesthetic-induced hepatic injury. A total of 570 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with or without phenobarbital treatment were exposed to isoflurane or sevoflurane in 100%, 21%, or 10% oxygen, or to 10% oxygen alone for 2h. In phenobarbital-treated rats, hepatocytes both with and without anesthetic exposure markedly changed in 10% oxygen at H 0. Glycogen and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) disappeared at H 0 and at H 6, respectively, and at H 6, AST levels in the blood rose. From H 6 to Day 1, necrosis developed more markedly and widely in zone 3 hepatocytes exposed to anesthetics in 10% oxygen than in those exposed to oxygen alone. All degenerated tissues had returned to normal levels by day 7. Recovery of the hepatolobular structure may be attributed to rearrangement of remaining hepatocytes in the portal vein area. Both the disappearance of glycogen and rRNA and the increase in blood AST levels after exposure to isoflurane or sevoflurane are considered to be factors contributing to the induction of necrosis around the central vein. The grade of isoflurane-induced hepatic injury was found to be significantly higher than that of sevoflurane.</p

教職課程履修者の教職回避に関する調査研究―英文科の学生を対象に―

　本研究では，教職課程を履修する英文科学生を対象に，課程履修を途中で断念したり，免許状を取得しても教職に就かないなどの「教職回避」を起こす要因を調べ，それらに対する方策について検討をおこなった。調査の結果，学生は１～２年次と３～４年次にかけて課程履修や教員就職への意欲が減退する傾向があり，低学年では教職課程の授業数の負担，高学年では教員採用試験や教師になることへの不安がその主な要因であることがわかった。こうした結果を踏まえ，本稿では，学生の教職回避を防ぐ方策として教職への動機づけを高める授業実践や声かけといった授業担当教員の積極的介入を提案している