Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics for Multi-Component Systems with Multiple Conserved Currents

We would like to formulate relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics for multi-component systems with multiple conserved currents. This is important for analyses of the hot matter created in relativistic heavy ion collisions because particle creations and annihilations of various particle species are frequently taking place there. We show that consistent formulation in such systems involves many non-trivialities, and derive constitutive equations that satisfy Onsager reciprocal relations and describe the systems without ambiguity.Comment: 4 pages, no figures - To appear in the conference proceedings for Hot Quarks 2010, June 21-26, La Londe-les-Maures, Franc

Wavelength Dependence of Activity-Induced Photometric Variations for Young Cool Stars in Hyades

We investigate photometric variations due to stellar activity which induce systematic radial-velocity errors (so-called "jitter") for the four targets in the Hyades open cluster observed by the K2 mission (EPIC 210721261, EPIC 210923016, EPIC 247122957, and EPIC 247783757). Applying Gaussian process regressions to the K2 light curves and the near-infrared (NIR) light curves observed with the IRSF 1.4-m telescope, we derive the wavelength dependences of the photometric signals due to stellar activity. To estimate the temporal variations in the photometric variability amplitudes between the two observation periods of K2 and IRSF, separated by more than 2 years, we analyze a number of K2 targets in Hyades that have also been observed in Campaigns 4 and 13 and find a representative variation rate over 2 years of 38%pm71%. Taking this temporal variation into account, we constrain projected sizes and temperature contrast properties of the starspots in the stellar photosphere to be approximately 10% and 0.95, respectively. These starspot properties can induce relatively large differences in the variability amplitude over different observational passbands, and we find that radial-velocity jitter may be more suppressed in the NIR than previously expected. Our result supports profits of on-going exoplanet search projects that are attempting to detect or confirm young planets in open clusters via radial-velocity measurements in the NIR.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables; Accepted for publication to A

Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Equations at the Second Order for Multi-Component Systems with Multiple Conserved Currents

We derive the second order hydrodynamic equations for the relativistic system of multi-components with multiple conserved currents by generalizing the Israel-Stewart theory and Grad's moment method. We find that, in addition to the conventional moment equations, extra moment equations associated with conserved currents should be introduced to consistently match the number of equations with that of unknowns and to satisfy the Onsager reciprocal relations. Consistent expansion of the entropy current leads to constitutive equations which involve the terms not appearing in the original Israel-Stewart theory even in the single component limit. We also find several terms which exhibit thermal diffusion such as Soret and Dufour effects. We finally compare our results with those of other existing formalisms.Comment: 18 pages, no figures; title changed, to appear in Nucl. Phys.

Endothelin ETA Receptor in Human Skins with Keloid and Hypertrophic Scar

Endothelins (ETs) work as growth factors for fibroblastic growth. Keloids are clinically unpleasant scars within the skin that grow beyond the confines of the original wound. We compared the expression of ET receptors between human skins with hypertrophic scars and keloids, by using our quantitative receptor imaging system. The ET receptor binding sites were distributed in skin areas anatomically corresponding to the epidermis, the superficial and deep dermis, and the vascular bed. The ETA receptor was apparently observed in the skin areas, whereas the ETB receptor was only slightly detected, as deduced from the finding that mRNA encoding the human ETA receptor is expressed in the fibroblast and the vascular bed. The ETA receptor densities of keloid and highly hypertrophic scar were significantly higher than those of normal skin and moderately and mildly hypertrophic scar. There seemed to be no differences in the density between keloid and highly hypertrophic scar. In a keloid skin we noted a possible existence of atypical vascular bed ETA receptor with a low affinity to ETA antagonist of PD151242 and FR139317. The ETA receptor of endogenous growth factors possibly play an etiological role in dysfunctions of the fibroblast in hypertrophic scars, and a typical ETA receptor may be related to the growth of keloid

Scritter A multiplexed image system for a public screen

Abstract -Scritter is a system that enables one the superimposition of invisible messages and comments on a large screen while sharing a movie. By putting other information on an image that only users who wear special glasses (named "IP(Information Polarized)-Glasses") can see, a multiplex of image media can be realized. By selecting the glasses, visible images can be changed into a movie or a message

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation presenting with steroid-responsive higher brain dysfunction: case report and review of the literature

A 56-year-old man noticed discomfort in his left lower limb, followed by convulsion and numbness in the same area. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed white matter lesions in the right parietal lobe accompanied by leptomeningeal or leptomeningeal and cortical post-contrast enhancement along the parietal sulci. The patient also exhibited higher brain dysfunction corresponding with the lesions on MRI. Histological pathology disclosed β-amyloid in the blood vessels and perivascular inflammation, which highlights the diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-related inflammation. Pulse steroid therapy was so effective that clinical and radiological findings immediately improved