The Sufis of Delhi, being the Kalimat al-Sadiqin of Muhammad Sadiq Dihlawi Kashmiri Kamadani

The present thesis has been writ ten under the supervision of Dr S.A.A. Rizvi who vent through the draft manuscript and suggested several invaluable improvements. My discussions with him have always been revealing and rewarding and I have benefited immensely from his profound scholarship and deep insight into the vagaries and vicissitudes of Indian history. Besides, by placing his personal library at my disposal, he has put me under a heavy debt of gratitude. The cooperation and understanding that he extended to me during my stay in Canberra I will always gratefully remember. I would also like to thank Professor A.L . Basham who, despite his very busy schedule before his departure for Mexico, took the trouble to read a substantial portion of the Annotations and favoured me with his extremely interesting and instructive queries and comments. Needless to say, his interest in my work and welfare has always been a source of inspiration to me

Seismic Analysis of Soft Storey Buildings Considering Structural and Geometrical Parameters

Soft storeys in a high rise building play an important role on its seismic performance. At the soft storey level, there is a discontinuity in the rigidity of the structure due to lack of infill walls or due to variation in floor height. It is this continuity which is the cause of structural failure of multi stored buildings under earthquake loads. In this study, seismic analysis of soft storey building frames have been carried out considering 3 building plans, 15 soft storeys cases and 20 load combinations. Soft storeys have been created by varying the floor heights and effect of infill is ignored. In this way, total 45 frames are analysed. STAAD.pro software has been used for analysis purpose. Results are collected in terms of max. moment, max. storey displacements, max. shear force, max. axial force and max. drift, which are critically analysed to quantify the effects of various parameters

Wound infiltration with Bupivacaine versus Ketorolac for postoperative pain relief in minor to moderate surgeries

OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic efficacy of Bupivacaine 0.25% wound infiltration with Ketorolac incisional infiltration in relieving postoperative pain for first twenty-four hours. METHODOLOGY: Analytical, interventional and comparative study was performed on seventy patients, of both sexes, with varied age groups. Patients underwent minor and moderate surgeries, confined to American Society of Anaesthesiologist ASA category 1-II. Patients were selected by convenience sampling and were divided into two groups i.e. Group I and Group II. Group-I comprised of thirty five patients and were infiltrated with Bupivacaine 0.25% at wound margins postoperatively. Group-II also comprised of thirty-five patients and were infiltrated with Ketorolac at wound margins 60 mg postoperatively. RESULTS: Bupivacaine 0.25% wound infiltration had onset of action within 4 +/- 2 minutes. Percentage pain relief was 80% in minor surgeries and 60% in moderate surgeries. Duration of action lasted for 8 +/- 2 hours regarding minor surgeries while it was 6 +/- 1 hours for moderate surgeries. Ketorolac incisional infiltration had onset of analgesic action within 10 +/- 5 minutes. Duration of action lasted for 6 +/- 1 hours regarding minor surgeries while it was 4 +/- 2 hours regarding moderate surgeries. Percentage pain relief was 60% in minor surgeries and 50% in moderate surgeries. CONCLUSION: Wound infiltration with Bupivacaine 0.25% was better for postoperative pain relief in comparison with Ketorolac regarding percentage pain relief, onset and duration of action

Pediatric congenital heart diseases: Patterns of presentation to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital

Objective: To observe presentation of Pediatric congenital cardiac defects to the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients under the age of 16 years with congenital cardiac defects presenting to the Emergency Department of Aga Khan University Hospital over a period of eighteen months, from January 2012 to June 2013. Study population was divided into two groups; first group constituted children with undiagnosed congenital cardiac defects, whereas second group constituted children with diagnosed congenial cardiac defects presented to ED. In previously diagnose cases each visit was counted as a separate encounter.Results: Out of 133 children, 44 (33.5%) were diagnosed congenital cardiac disease for the first time (Group-1) in ED, while 89 (66.5%) children were diagnosed cases of congenital heart disease (Group-2). Among Group-1; main reasons for ED visits were cyanosis, cardiac failure, murmur evaluation and cardiogenic shock where as in Group-2; main presentations were cardiac failure, hyper cyanotic spells, gastroenteritis, lower respiratory tract infection, and post-operative issues. There were total 13 deaths.Conclusion: High index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis and management of children with congenital heart disease in the pediatric emergency department

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS FACED BY THE DISTRICT TEACHER EDUCATORS (DTES) REGARDING THEIR PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF PUNJAB

In an attempt to enhance educational quality, the Province of the Punjab introduced District Teachers Educators (DTE) into schools (mainly primary) with the aims of offering support and mentoring to teachers, providing professional development opportunities along with a monitoring role based mainly on monthly student- testing. The main objective of this study is to explore the problems the DTE face in fulfilling their roles in schools. A sample was selected by using convenient sampling technique. The qualitative approach was used to collect data through interviews in this study. This study reveals problems related to the ownership of the process by teachers and head-teachers, the lack of resources often hindering effective work, and the entire process of monitoring by means of student testing facing great difficulties. The conflict in the roles of the DTE is discussed as they seek to integrate a supportive role with that of monitoring, whereas the basis of monitoring is questioned in the light of consistent international research evidence. The study recommends that the conflicts among the monitoring teachers should be resolved. Moreover, their time would be better spent in the supportive-enhancement role, leaving the monitoring role aside. It is suggested that DTEs should be given time to read, and collate evidence from the wide range of literature to learn new insights in educatio

Formulation and characterization of modified release tablets containing ionizid using swellable polymers

The aim of this work was to develop swellable modified release (MR) isoniazid tablets using different combinations of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC). Granules were prepared by moist granulation technique and then compressed into tablets. In vitro release studies for 12 hr were carried out in dissolution media of varying pH i.e. pH 1.2, 4.5, 7.0 and 7.5. Tablets of all formulations were found to be of good physical quality with respect to appearance (width and thickness), content uniformity, hardness, weight variation and friability. In vitro release data showed that increasing total polymer content resulted in more retarding effect. Formulation with 35% polymer content exhibited zero order release profile and it released 35% of the drug in first hr, later on, controlled drug release was observed upto the 12th hour. Formulations with PVAc to Na-CMC ratio 20:80 exhibited zero order release pattern at levels of studied concentrations, which suggested that this combination can be used to formulate zero order release tablets of water soluble drugs like isoniazid. Korsmeyer-Peppas modeling of drug release showed that non-Fickian transport is the primary mechanism of isoniazid release from PVAc and Na-CMC based tablets. The value of mean dissolution time decreased with the increase in the release rate of drug clearly showing the retarding behavior of the swellable polymers. The application of a mixture of PVAc to Na-CMC in a specific ratio may be feasible to formulate zero order release tablets of water soluble drugs like isoniazid.Keywords: Isoniazid, Polyvinyl acetate, Sodium-carboxymethylcellulose, Modified release tablets

Consumers' Adoption of Apparel Fashion: The Role of Innovativeness, Involvement, and Social Values

Fashion adoption is concerned with how consumers accept a prevailing style during a particular time. Fashion is accepted by the consumers and influences their behavior in many ways. It is one of the strongest drivers to influence and motivate their intention to buy and adopt new products. Either through advertisement and promotion of brands or through endorsement of celebrities, companies motivate consumers of different socioeconomic backgrounds to follow the new fashion trends and buy their products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that compel consumers to adopt apparel fashion in Pakistan. It has been investigated that, how and why different factors i.e., Fashion innovativeness, Consumer innovativeness, Fashion involvement, Opinion leadership, and Status, influence consumers’ intention to adopt new apparel fashion and how that intention influence their actual fashion adoption. Total 500 questionnaires were distributed among the respondents in different places (i.e., shopping plazas or malls, public places such as bus stops, playgrounds, and inside the educational institutions, in the cities of Islamabad and Lahore, Pakistan. Out of the total, only 332 (66.4%) questionnaires were retrieved. The regression test and the model fit results using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that, except fashion innovativeness, and consumer innovativeness, the fashion involvement, opinion leadership and status of consumers positively influence their intention to adopt new fashion. However, Intention to adopt has no significant effect on the consumers’ actual adoption of fashionable clothes. The positive and negative effects are discussed accordingly. In the light of the results and findings, the implications and future research recommendations are also debated at the end.© 2014 The Authors. Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Sind under the Mughuls : an introduction to, translation of and commentary on the Maẓhar-i Shāhjahānī of Yūsuf Mīrak (1044/1634)

Started as a simple translation of the second half of the Mazhar-i Shahjahani a matchless compendium on the working of the Mughul administration in Sind, the present thesis has developed into an exhaustive history of relations between the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sind and the Great Mughul of India from the days of Timur down to the reign of Jahangir. The thesis comprises three parts: Introduction, Translation of the second half of the Mazhar-i. Shahjahani, and the Commentary. The Introduction consists of three Sections. Section I traces the origin of the Arghuns, their rise to power in Qandahar, their conflicts with Babur and in doing so sheds significant light on the number, nature and duration of the latter's campaigns against that important Arghun stronghold prior to his triumphant advent into Hindustan. The later part of this Section deals with the Arghun rule in Sind, Humáyün's wanderings in this region, the mutual rivalries of the successors of Mirza Shah Hasan Arghün, division of Sind into two independent principalities of Bhakkar and Thatta and their subsequent absorption into the Mughul Empire. Section II of the Introduction deals at length with the details about the author and his family, while Section III seeks to evaluate the importance of the Mazhar-i. Shahjahani among the histories of Sind and the 'Mirrors for Princes' written in India, particularly for or under the Great Mughuls. To facilitate the finding of answers to the questions arising from the study of the Translation and to compensate for the absence of an elaborate index, the Introduction has been divided into convenient sub-sections. The Translation is based upon the only surviving (author's autograph) MS. 7743 of the Mazhar-i Shahjahani preserved in the Library of the Punjab University, Lahore. While the commonly known administrative terms, & c., have been retained in their original form, the unfamiliar technical terms, words and phrases have been rendered into English, but their Persian versions have been placed alongside in brackets. Those of the abstruse terms and expressions which could not be found in standard lexicographical works, they were resolved on the analogy of their usage by other writers of Persian historical works in India. The Commentary treats of all types of important points pertaining to the Translation. The number on the left hand side of the colon at the beginning of each explanation refers to the page of the Translation, while the one on the right hand side indicates the line where that particular point occurs. The biographies of the historical personages, & c., have been written very painstakingly and could be of immense value in the compilation of a comprehensive history of Sind, whenever that comes to he written. The Introduction and Commentary also have the merit of being a comparative study of the contemporary and secondary sources on the history of Sind, and even a cursory glance through the foot-notes is enough to show their thoroughness. They underline the importance of critical edition of the original historical texts before they are translated into any other language. They also bring out the necessity of fusion between the knowledge of Persian and a certain degree of training as historian before one can undertake the edition or translation of a historical text on scientific grounds. In the execution of this enterprise, the present writer has not infrequently disagreed with his precursors. In criticising their works, to which he himself owes tremendously, he was inspired by the same lofty ideals which prompted Hodivala to undertake the writing of the Studies in Indo-Muslim History and the idea of discrediting or disparaging them never crossed his mind because he was more than anybody else conscious of the fact that Hama chlz kamagán ddnand oca kamagán kanüz az madaA na záda and ('It is the whole of mankind that knows everything, and the whole of mankind has not yet been born'). Nevertheless, the pursuit of the truth transcended all considerations and no pain was considered too great to reach to the facts