Technosphere Thinking in the Transformations of Earth Sciences

The paper focuses on identifying factors of influence of technosphere consciousness on the state of Earth sciences. The comparative analysis of current philosophical and scientific advances showed changes in a status of technosphere consciousness in culture. The authors formulated a hypothesis on a fusion of scientific rationality of Earth sciences with an axiological area of culture. A special methodology was developed to trace and demonstrate a determination influence of technosphere consciousness on the logic of development of Earth sciences and the state of communication processes in society. The authors described consequences of risks occurred as a result of strengthening the independence of technosphere consciousness and modeled opportunities of their minimization. It was proved that in the information communication society technosphere consciousness could form a new paradigm foundation for Earth sciences. The authors described a special character of the correlation between the state of technosphere consciousness, a level of development of technosphere and the status of Earth sciences. They determined key areas for negative consequences of blurring semantics of technosphere consciousness. © 2021 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Features of the structure of addictive identity in adolescence

© Authors. The relevance of the study of this problem is due to the lack of reliable information about the psychological mechanisms, phenomenology and psychological structure of addictive behavior of a personality in adolescence, which is the main cause of insufficient effectiveness for implementation of corrective measures. In this regard, this article aims to study addictive identity structure in the chemical (alcohol and drug) addiction both at the level of structural components of identity in adolescence and that of their structural organization. The leading methods of the problem study are the empirical methods of studying the structural components of addictive identity. The experiment involved 96 young men at the age of 18-24 years old. Of them 55 people are with alcohol dependence, 41 people with drug (opioid) addiction. The study found that addictive identity of young persons with chemical dependence (alcohol and drug) at the level of structural components is characterized by simple undifferentiated cognitive constructs meaningfully related to the object of addiction; flattened motivational profile, as well as a discrepancy at the level of the valuable component of identity. Identified in the study features allow to state that at the level of structural organization an addictive identity of young persons, both at alcohol and drug dependence, is characterized by disintegrated structural organization of identity. Clinical and psychological diagnosis of addictive identity structure with alcohol and drug addiction should be viewed as prognostic basis in the process of socio-psychological rehabilitation of young men with chemical addiction. The identified structural features of addictive identity serve as predictors in determining the risk groups by the given deviant status

The reciprocal organization of constructive activity in drug addiction

© 2016 Akhmetzyanova et al.The urgency of the problem stated in the article is caused by the fact that modern scientific studies show that sustainable neuro-associative connections with the object of addiction arise at chemical addiction. The aim of this study is to examine the features of the reciprocal organization of constructive activities in drug addiction. Study of the constructive activity of patients with drug addiction in comparison with the group in norm was carried out by using the experimental method. The study found a decrease of constructive activity in drug addiction by the characteristics of performance pace and accuracy, regulated by reciprocal and auditory-motor coordination, which, in turn, are also significantly reduced. Reciprocal organization in drug addiction is characterized by impaired proprioceptive kinesthetic afferentation of motor act at safety of outer space organization of movements, lack of differentiation and low handling of movements, movement program disorders, as well as the replacement of the right movements by motor patterns and stereotypes. The obtained results are experimental psychological argument for the need to introduce neuropsychological block in the system of psychotherapeutic impact, which includes the tasks aimed at increasing reciprocal organizations to improve the general level of constructive activity in order to create alternative to the stereotyped models of mental activity and patterns of behavior

Distribution and Survival of Transplanted Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Spinal Cord Injury

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Current expectations for successful treatment of post-traumatic disorders in the CNS are associated with cell-based technologies. Mesenchymal stem cells, which are under intensive study, appear to be the most promising. At the same time, mechanisms of their effect on post-traumatic regeneration of the spinal cord and their behavior and migration properties in neurodegenerative lesions are not investigated in full. In our study, we investigated the survival, migration, and phenotypic characteristics of a fibrin matrix enclosed in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) by implanting them in an area of the spinal cord injury in a subacute period. We showed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells retain their viability in the area of SCI for up to 60 days and migrate rostrally and caudally for more than 5 mm. Phenotyping of AD-MSCs in the spinal cord injury area performed on the seventh day post-transplantation shows that Thy-1, CD 73, and Stro-1 are expressed; however, no CD 44 expression is observed. The results obtained reveal the route of migration of AD-MSCs within an area of the spinal cord injury. However, the programed differentiation of these cells in a later post SCI period has to be studied

Systemic and local cytokine profile following spinal cord injury in rats: A multiplex analysis

© 2017 Mukhamedshina, Akhmetzyanova, Martynova, Khaiboullina, Galieva and Rizvanov. Our study of the changes in cytokine profile in blood serum and in the spinal cord after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has shown that an inflammatory reaction and immunological response are not limited to the CNS, but widespread. This fact was confirmed by changes detected in a cytokine profile in blood serum samples [MIP-1α, interleukin 1 (IL-1) α, IL-2, IL-5, IL-1β, MCP-1, RANTES]. There were also changes in the levels of MIP-1α, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-5, IL-18, GM-colony-stimulating factor, IL-17α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, MCP-1, and GRO KC CINC-1 in samples of the rat injured spinal cord. The results underscore the complex cytokine network imbalance exhibited after SCI and show significant changes in the concentrations of 14 cytokines/chemokines with different inflammatory and immunological activities

Психолингвистический анализ устной и письменной речи у пациентов с расстройствами шизофренического спектра (на примере автобиографических текстов)

Introduction. There are speech disorders as one of the psychopathology diagnostics criteria in ICD and DSM. However, the linguistic component is not enough studied, so the study topic is actual. The use of text analysis allows to apply psycholinguistics approach to the objectification of thinking disorders. The objective of the study was aimed to detect psycholinguistics features of oral and written speech in patients with schizophrenia.Methods and materials. Participants were 29 schizophrenia patients, 20 patients with personality disorder and 25 healthy participants. Methods: expert assessment, anamnestic assessment, experimental-psychological (tests of thinking, collect memories), linguistic analysis, statistical analysis.Results. Oral speech of patients with schizophrenia is complex and volume, the writing speech is «factual», lexically varied and low communicative. In oral and writing speech of patients with schizophrenia, there are three text types correlated with thinking disorders. Texts of patients with schizophrenia are less volume, simpler in structure, describe more facts than thoughts and feelings, unlike patients with personality disorder and healthy participants.Conclusion. Texts of patients with schizophrenia, personality disorder and healthy participants are different in formal linguistics characteristics. Such characteristics of the speech of patients suffering from schizophrenia as a lot of impersonal sentences describing object attribute, complexly organized speech, emphasis on describing emotions and oneself using the pronoun «I» allow to suppose that the patient has thinking disorders: thinking distortion by formal and latent ways of object attributions, thinking purposefulness disorder, thinking «versatility».Введение. Нарушения речи – один из диагностических критериев психической патологии, прописанных в МКБ и DSM, но лингвистический компонент исследован мало, поэтому тематика исследования актуальна. Использование текстового анализа позволяет применить психолингвистический подход к объективизации нарушений мышления.Цель – выявление психолингвистических особенностей устной и письменной речи у пациентов с шизофренией.Методы и материалы. Выборка – 74 человека: пациенты, страдающие шизофренией, расстройством личности, а также условно здоровые лица. Методы: экспертных оценок, клинико-психологический, экспериментально-психологический (исследование мышления, воспоминаний), психолингвистический метод, методы математической статистики.Результаты. Устная речь пациентов с шизофренией сложнее по структуре и объемнее, чем письменная, а письменная речь чрезмерно «фактологичная», с низкой коммуникативной направленностью. В письменной и устной речи пациентов с шизофренией выделяется три типа текстов, взаимосвязанных с нарушениями мышления. В отличие от текстов пациентов с расстройством личности и условно здоровых лиц, тексты пациентов с шизофренией меньше по объему, более простые по структуре, больше описывают факты, а не чувства и мысли.Заключение. Существуют различия по формально-лингвистическим признакам между текстами пациентов с шизофренией, расстройством личности и условно здоровыми лицами. Такие характеристики речи пациентов, страдающих шизофренией, как множество безличных предложений, описывающих качество объекта, сложно организованная речь, акцент на описании эмоций и себя с использованием местоимения «Я», позволяют предполагать наличие у пациента нарушений мышления: искажение процесса обобщения с актуализацией латентных и формальных признаков предметов, нарушение целенаправленности мышления, разноплановость мыслительной деятельности

Information competence structure and content of the higher school students

© 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. For free orientation in the flow of information people should possess information competence as one of the components of professionalism. In this regard, the article reveals the structure and content of the information competence of students, including motivational and values, cognitive, activity, communicative and health saving components that are in relationships and are aimed at ensuring the integrity and continuity of the process of students’ information competence forming in conditions of modern high school.The article also describes the problem of the teachers’ functions’ expansion involved in this process. The article can be recommended for use in modern practice of educational institutions, as well as in the system of teacher training

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Interleukin 2 Can Suppress Proliferation of Neuroblastoma Cells in Co-Culture and Activate Mononuclear Cells In Vitro

High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2) therapy has been shown to be successful in renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. However, systemic administration of high doses of IL2 can be toxic, causing capillary leakage syndrome and stimulating pro-tumor immune response. One of the strategies to reduce the systemic toxicity of IL2 is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a vehicle for the targeted delivery of IL2. Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were transduced with lentivirus encoding IL2 (hADSCs-IL2) or blue fluorescent protein (BFP) (hADSCs-BFP). The proliferation, immunophenotype, cytokine profile and ultrastructure of hADSCs-IL2 and hADSCs-BFP were determined. The effect of hADSCs on activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and proliferation and viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after co-culture with native hADSCs, hADSCs-BFP or hADSCs-IL2 on plastic and Matrigel was evaluated. Ultrastructure and cytokine production by hADSCs-IL2 showed modest changes in comparison with hADSCs and hADSCs-BFP. Conditioned medium from hADSC-IL2 affected tumor cell proliferation, increasing the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells and also increasing the number of late-activated T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NKT-cells and activated T-killers. Conversely, hADSC-IL2 co-culture led to a decrease in SH-SY5Y proliferation on plastic and Matrigel. These data show that hADSCs-IL2 can reduce SH-SY5Y proliferation and activate PBMCs in vitro. However, IL2-mediated therapeutic effects of hADSCs could be offset by the increased expression of pro-oncogenes, as well as the natural ability of hADSCs to promote the progression of some tumors

Factors influencing access to early intervention for families of children with developmental disabilities: A narrative review

Background Early intervention (EI) can improve a range of outcomes for families of children with developmental disabilities. However, research indicates the level of access does not always match the level of need. To address disparities, it is essential to identify factors influencing access. Method We propose a framework where access to EI is conceptualised as a process that includes three main phases. A narrative review examined potential barriers, facilitators and modifiers of access for each phase. Results The process of access to EI includes the following: 1) recognition of need, 2) identification or diagnosis and 3) EI provision or receipt. Several factors affecting access to EI for each phase were identified, related to the family, services, the intersection between family and services, and the context. Conclusion A broad range of factors appear to influence the process of access to EI for this population. Our framework can be used in future research investigating access. Broad implications for policy, practice and future research to improve access to EI are discussed