Test of Transitivity in Quantum Field theory using Rindler spacetime

We consider a massless scalar field in Minkowski spacetime $\cal{M}$ in its vacuum state, and consider two Rindler wedges $R_1$ and $R_2$ in this space. $R_2$ is shifted to the right of $R_1$ by a distance $\Delta$. We therefore have $R_2\subset R_1 \subset \cal{M}$ with the symbol $\subset$ implying a quantum subsystem. We find the reduced state in $R_2$ using two independent ways: a) by evaluation of the reduced state from vacuum state in $\cal{M}$ which yields a thermal density matrix, b) by first evaluating the reduced state in $R_1$ from $\cal{M}$ yielding a thermal state in $R_1$, and subsequently evaluate the reduced state in $R_2$ in that order of sequence. In this article we attempt to address the question whether both these independent ways yield the same reduced state in $R_2$. To that end, we devise a method which involves cleaving the Rindler wedge $R_1$ into two domains such that they form a thermofield double. One of the domains aligns itself along the wedge $R_2$ while the other is a diamond shaped construction between the boundaries of $R_1$ and $R_2$. We conclude that both these independent methods yield two different answers, and discuss the possible implications of our result in the context of quantum states outside a non-extremal black hole formed by collapsing matter.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Studying the Effects of Sex-related Differences on Brain Age Prediction using brain MR Imaging

While utilizing machine learning models, one of the most crucial aspects is how bias and fairness affect model outcomes for diverse demographics. This becomes especially relevant in the context of machine learning for medical imaging applications as these models are increasingly being used for diagnosis and treatment planning. In this paper, we study biases related to sex when developing a machine learning model based on brain magnetic resonance images (MRI). We investigate the effects of sex by performing brain age prediction considering different experimental designs: model trained using only female subjects, only male subjects and a balanced dataset. We also perform evaluation on multiple MRI datasets (Calgary-Campinas(CC359) and CamCAN) to assess the generalization capability of the proposed models. We found disparities in the performance of brain age prediction models when trained on distinct sex subgroups and datasets, in both final predictions and decision making (assessed using interpretability models). Our results demonstrated variations in model generalizability across sex-specific subgroups, suggesting potential biases in models trained on unbalanced datasets. This underlines the critical role of careful experimental design in generating fair and reliable outcomes

COMPARISON OF PID AND FUZZY-PID CONTROL FOR NUCLEAR STEAM BOILER LEVEL CONTROL

This paper presents control of water level of the steam boiler of nuclear power plant by using PID and Fuzzy-PID controller. In nuclear power plants, boilers are used to convert water into steam in which the water level control of boiler is very important as to provide sufficient cooling to the nuclear reactor and prevent damage of turbine blades. In order to compensate difficulty to control the level of boiler we propose the design of tuning of PID controller by a fuzzy logic controller in the level control of the steam generator of a nuclear power plant

Circadian Oscillations of the Mouse and Human Epigenome

Circadian rhythmicity in biological processes is an evolutionary adaptation in response to Earth’s rotation. Epigenetics refers to chemical modifications of histones and DNA, for the regulation of the genome. Although previous evidence suggested the involvement of DNA modification in the circadian machinery, direct confirmation has been elusive. This thesis presents evidence for oscillating modified cytosines with circadian periodicity in both mouse and human genomes. Furthermore, oscillating modified cytosines (osc-modCs) are associated with cytosines that change their modification status with age. Linking circadian patterns with linearly changing epigenomes over years provides new insights into the mechanisms of aging. Finally, we investigated plausible roles of osc-modCs in malignant, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases. Intriguingly, osc-modCs significantly overlapped with the cytosines exhibiting differential modification in these diseases. In summary, my findings indicate that fine tuning of evolutionary advantageous adaptations such as circadian rhythmicity may contribute to the decline in the fitness of the organism.M.Sc.2020-11-30 00:00:0

Design Of Metal Architectures: Synthesis And Study Of Their Photophysical And Biomolecular Recognition Properties

Design and study of molecular receptors capable of mimicking natural processes has found applications in basic research as well as in the development of potentially useful technologies. Of the various receptors reported, the cyclophanes are known to encapsulate guest molecules in their cavity utilizing various non–covalent interactions resulting in significant changes in their optical properties. This unique property of the cyclophanes has been widely exploited for the development of selective and sensitive probes for a variety of guest molecules including complex biomolecules. Further, the incorporation of metal centres into these systems added new possibilities for designing receptors such as the metallocyclophanes and transition metal complexes, which can target a large variety of Lewis basic functional groups that act as selective synthetic receptors. The ligands that form complexes with the metal ions, and are capable of further binding to Lewis-basic substrates through open coordination sites present in various biomolecules are particularly important as biomolecular receptors. In this context, we synthesized a few anthracene and acridine based metal complexes and novel metallocyclophanes and have investigated their photophysical and biomolecular recognition properties.Cochin University of Science and TechnologyPhotosciences and Photonics Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandru

Accounting for Dispersion Effects in DFT Framework of Electrocatalysis: A Case Study of Solvent Mediated Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Density functional theory (DFT) is a pivotal tool in the field of computational electrocatalysis. Dispersion effects, which are not incorporated in the regular DFT framework, play a significant role in improving the accuracy of DFT-based catalytic simulations. We perform a calibration study for addressing the effect of different dispersion corrected DFT methods in determining the electrocatalytic properties by conducting a case study of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The distinct trends of these methods towards determining the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of catalysis are scrutinized. By systematically incorporating an upgraded solvation model, the importance of the inclusion of dispersion effects for the accurate prediction of chemical and physical properties governing the catalytic activity is illustrated. The combined thermodynamic and kinetic analysis predicts a uniform ORR activity trend, with semi-empirical dispersion corrected DFT methods emerging as optimal choices with comparable or higher accuracy than advanced van der Waal’s methods

OPTIMIZATION OF RUNNER DESIGN IN HIGH PRESSURE DIE CASTING (HPDC) DIE

 In order to produce high quality parts with high pressure die casting, computer aided simulation has been used to optimize mold designs. Finite difference (differential), finite volume and finite element methods have been used in the filling process simulation and significant progress has been made for general problems. Further work on mold design optimizations is still desired to address specific issues. In die casting, the die often has more than one cavity with multiple cavities producing the same or different parts. Multiple cavities require the application of branch runners connecting to a main runner. The design of the runner system has always been a topic for die casting, since it is important for the designer to ensure that multiple cavities start filling at the same time and have the same fill time. A key factor in the design is to adjust the cross section area of each branch runner according to the cavities’ volumes; however, this may not be enough to fill the cavities simultaneously. The angle between the branch runner and the main runner has been observed to have effects on the filling pressure, filling time and residual stresses, but the observations were limited to very simple lab level die design rather than practical castings