Beyond the rhetoric promises of the Egyptian sexual harassment law: a study of the relationship between law and domination

After decades of male supremacy, it is not surprising to find that social institutions, including the government and the legal system, have a role in maintaining and reproducing the established order of domination. This study seeks to understand the relationship of law to domination. It argues that law serves the dominant society in two ways. The first is that law legitimates power of the established order, relations of domination, and itself. This happens when the practice of law reinforces the established order of domination while maintaining its own principle of fairness. This means that law proclaims a deceitful image of law for all, while in actuality it sustains the unequal distribution of social power. The society, including both powerful and powerless classes, accepts the neutrality and objectivity of law and through this, law legitimates itself and maintains the structure. The second is that law contributes to the reproduction of the established order of domination. In this approach, law is a set of rules, developed throughout history, which assign to each member his/her position in society, whether it is dominant or submissive. This law is not an external force. Rather it is an internal force that employs certain social groups to reinforce the prevailing social norms. The influence of such law educates men into masters of society and women into slaves of the masters. This happens when law reflects the male dominant point of view in its content. Based on these arguments, this study uses the Egyptian sexual harassment law as an example of how law maintains and reproduces the established order of domination. It argues that Egyptian law serves men, first, by legitimating power of the social structure that subordinates women to men and second, by constructing subjects and turning them into dominant male and submissive female in accordance with their social status

Wind Turbine and Photovoltaic Hybrid Generations under Extreme Operating Gust

A micro-grid consisting of a 300kW wind turbine and a 40kW photovoltaic array is investigated under extreme operating gust (EOG) wind scenarios. The micro-grid is connected to the 380-V utility through a utility-side converter using natural-frame control, which provides a constant voltage of the DC link between the micro-grid and utility. The impact of the extreme gust wind variations on the micro-grid performance is studied for variable speed wind energy system equipped with a squirrel-cage induction generator. The Hurghada city, Red Sea, Egypt is taken as a case study for the wind speed profile. A detailed model of extreme gust-wind speed variation is implemented and simulated using PSIM commercial software package, based on climate characteristics of Hurghada city. The indirect rotor field oriented control (FOC) method is implemented to the generator-side converter to keep the system stable under the extreme gust wind conditions and to control the squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) speed for maximum power-point tracker (MPPT) regime. Power quality of the utility-side converter in terms of operation at different power factors, voltage value and THD are verified

Salt stress mitigation by salicylic acid in wheat for food security in coastal area of Bangladesh

Salt stress has a large impact on controlling the plant growth and development. The present study was conducted to examine the role of salicylic acid on alleviation of salt stress in wheat. In this experiment, the treatment consisted of four different salinity levels viz. S0 = without salt (control), S1 = 2.8 g NaCl kg-1 soil ? 3-4 dSm-1, S2 = 6.0 g NaCl kg-1 soil ? 7-8 dSm-1, S3 = 9.0 g NaCl kg-1 soil ? 11-12 dSm-1 and three different levels of salicylic acid (SA) viz. A0 = 0 mM, A1= 0.2 mM and A2 = 0.4 mM. It was done by using two factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The total treatment combinations were 12 (4x3). Results of the experiment showed a significant dissimilarity among the treatments in respect of the major parameters. Yield of wheat were exaggerated by different levels of salinity. The higher levels of salinity showed greater reduction of yield. The highest grain yields (1.55 tha-1) were recorded at S0A2 (Without Salt + 0.4 mM salicylic acid) treatment combination which did not show any difference with S0A0 (Without Salt+ Without SA) and S0A1 (Without Salt + 0.2 mM SA). But the grain yield was gradually decreased with the increasing level of salinity. The application of salicylic acid increased the grain yield differently according to the levels of salinity. The minimum grain yields were found 1.14 t ha-1, 1.07 tha-1 and 0.26 t ha-1 at 3-4 dSm-1, 7-8 dSm-1 and 11-12 dSm-1 NaCl respectively. These yields were increased with SA (0.4 mM) from 1.14 to 1.32 tha-1, 1.07 to 1.14 tha-1 and 0.26 to 0.31 tha-1 at 3-4 dSm-1, 7-8 dSm-1 and 11-12 dSm-1 NaCl respectively. These results suggest that salicylic acid can alleviate the detrimental impacts of salinity and increase the grain yield of wheat

Reusing three-phase power-flow object components for unbalanced harmonic analysis

In this paper, the harmonic penetration method is developed as a component-based application. The direct nodal voltage harmonic solution is developed as an independent software component and then integrated with existing three-phase power-flow software components. The harmonic solution reuses many facilities available in the fundamental frequency power-flow object components. The nonlinear devices such as six pulse converters are modeled as entity objects and inherited from the basic object-oriented power-system device model at fundamental frequency. Also, the linear solver also is reused form the power-flow component library. The application of object components shows that the development of complicated algorithms becomes easy due to the high code reusability

Optimization Based on Movable Damped Wave Algorithm for Design of Photovoltaic/ Wind/ Diesel/ Biomass/ Battery Hybrid Energy Systems

The actual energetic situation has several challenges such as pollution, the rarefaction of fossil fuel and the dangers of nuclear. Renewable sources are proposed as a solution and suggested, such as a cost-effectiveness system. The paper deals with the problem of feeding a domestic load with electricity which should respect the ecologies factors, so this work is a design problem of the hybrid renewable energy systems; PV/biomass, PV/diesel/battery, PV/wind/diesel/battery, and wind/diesel/battery to choose the best one of them which feed the load with the lowest cost. The study’s goal is to design a microgrid system by the minimization of the total investment cost with respect to the required technical factor, the minimum allowed renewable energy fraction, and the minimum allowed availability factor. The methodology flowed utilizes frameworks based on a recent algorithm called Movable damped wave algorithm (MDVP). The proposed optimization algorithm is compared with other algorithms to prove its efficacy which are; the artificial electric field algorithm (AEFA), harris hawks optimization (HHO), and the grey wolf optimizer (GWO). The project case study is investigated in Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. The contribution of this work is implementing a recent algorithm that proves its efficacy and finding the best microgrid configuration following many investigations and comparisons. The results confirm that the MDVP is better compared to the other algorithms, its computational time is fast, and its convergence is good; otherwise, the PV/biomass is considered the best configuration in the area of study with a size of 237.698 m2 from PV panel and 954.097 t/year of biomass, which obtained the best Net Present Cost (NPC) of $299504, and a cost of energy (LCOE) assumed as$0.228/kW. A sensitivity analysis is applied to prove the effect of size variation on project factors. The simple observation, by the way, is that any change in the PV size affects the output factors

How Spiritual Leadership Influences Creative Behaviors: the Mediating Role of Workplace Climate

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between spiritual leadership and creative behavior with workplace climate as mediating variable in the Jordanian banking.   Theoretical framework: The purpose of this study, which extends the theories of intrinsic motivation and social exchange, is to acquire a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between spiritual leadership and innovative workplace behavior.   Design/methodology/approach: The study used quantitative research approach through a survey based on random sampling method from (n= 358) employees of 13 Jordanian commercial banks in Amman. For purposes of analysis, structural equation modeling was then utilized for the examination of the research hypotheses.   Findings: The results of the research indicated that workplace climate mediates the link between spiritual leadership and creative behavior. Specifically, greater levels of creative behavior among employees were related to spiritual leadership, as was a favorable working environment.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The study offers managerial and theoretical implications while considering the study’s limitations to provide guidance for the future.   Originality/value: The study identifies the magnificent influence of spiritual leadership and the workplace climate by delineating how these factors stimulate creative behaviors among employees. Specifically, the study focuses on how spiritual leadership and the workplace climate stimulate creative behaviors among employees. We examine the consequences of these findings for both research and practice

Design of a Partially Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Microgrid Using IoT Technology

This study describes the design and control algorithms of an IoT-connected photovoltaic microgrid operating in a partially grid-connected mode. The proposed architecture and control design aim to connect or disconnect non-critical loads between the microgrid and utility grid. Different components of the microgrid, such as photovoltaic arrays, energy storage elements, inverters, solid-state transfer switches, smart-meters, and communication networks were modeled and simulated. The communication between smart meters and the microgrid controller is designed using LoRa communication protocol for the control and monitoring of loads in residential buildings. An IoT-enabled smart meter has been designed using ZigBee communication protocol to evaluate data transmission requirements in the microgrid. The loads were managed by a proposed under-voltage load-shedding algorithm that selects suitable loads to be disconnected from the microgrid and transferred to the utility grid. The simulation results showed that the duty cycle of LoRa and its bit rate can handle the communication requirements in the proposed PV microgrid architecture

Structure of the dextran of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355

The structure of dextran B-1355-S (soluble fraction) has been investigated. Acid hydrolysis of the methylated dextran yielded 2,3,4,6-tetra-, 2,3,4-tri-, 2,4,6-tri-, and 2,4-di-O-methyl--glucose, in the molar ratios of 1.0:4.6:3.6:1.0, indicating that the dextran has a branched structure containing (1-->6)- and (1-->3)-[alpha]--glucosidic linkages with an average repeating-unit of ten sugar residues. The dextran-poly-alcohol, derived by successive periodate oxidation and borohydride reduction, gave, on complete hydrolysis with acid, glycerol and glucose (molar ratio, 1.0:0.83); mild hydrolysis (0. 1 acid at 25[deg]) gave glycerol and 1-O-[alpha]--glucosylglycerol (molar ratio, 1:1.45).Exo-G2-dextranase of Arthrobacter globiformis T6 acted on the dextran to release isomaltose and O-[alpha]--glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-[alpha]--glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)--glucose in the molar ratio of 5.7:1.0, leaving a degraded dextran (limit dextran). Methylation analysis indicated the limit-dextran to be highly branched, with a repeating unit of six glucose residues, consisting mainly of alternate (1-->6)- and (1-->3)-[alpha]--glucosidic linkages.These findings confirm the overall arrangement of alternating (1-->6)- and (1-->3)-linked [alpha]--glucose residues, and the absence of consecutive [alpha]-(1-->3)-linked sugar residues; the latter factor may be related to the water insolubility of [alpha]--glucans of Streptococcus mutans.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23148/1/0000072.pd

Fault analysis of multiphase distribution systems using symmetrical components

The paper presents a new approach for performing the fault analysis of multiphase distribution networks based on the symmetrical components. The multiphase distribution system is represented by an equivalent three-phase system; hence, the single-phase and two-phase line segments are represented in terms of their sequence values. The proposed technique allows the state of the art short-circuit analysis solvers to analyze unbalanced distribution networks. The fault currents calculated using the proposed technique is compared with the phase components short-circuit analysis solver. The obtained results for the IEEE radial test feeders show that the proposed technique is accurate. Based on the proposed method, the existing commercial grade short-circuit analysis solvers based on sequence networks can be utilized for performing unbalanced distribution systems