Proanthocyanidin to prevent formation of the reexpansion pulmonary edema

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We aimed to investigate the preventive effect of Proanthocyanidine (PC) in the prevention of RPE formation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects were divided into four groups each containing 10 rats. In the Control Group (CG): RPE wasn't performed. Then subjects were followed up for three days and they were sacrificed after the follow up period. Samplings were made from tissues for measurement of biochemical and histopathologic parameters. In the Second Group (PCG): The same protocol as CG was applied, except the administration of PC to the subjects. In the third RPE Group (RPEG): Again the same protocol as CG was applied, but as a difference, RPE was performed. In the Treatment Group (TG): The same protocol as RPEG was applied except the administration of PC to the subjects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In RPEG group, the most important histopathological finding was severe pulmonary edema with alveolar damage and acute inflammatory cells. These findings were less in the TG group. RPE caused increased MDA levels, and decreased GPx, SOD and CAT activity significantly in lung tissue.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>PC decreased MDA levels. Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathophysiology of RPE and PC treatment was shown to be useful to prevent formation of RPE.</p

Utjecaj desflurana i sevoflurana na razine oksidativnog stresa u tkivima štakora

General anaesthetics are often used in patients who are under oxidative stress due to a critical illness or surgical trauma. Some anaesthetics may worsen oxidative stress and some may act as antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver, brain, kidney, and lung tissue oxidative stress in rats exposed to desflurane and sevoflurane and in unexposed rats. The animals were divided in three groups: control (received only air); sevoflurane (8 %), and desflurane (4 %). After four hours of exposure, we evaluated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Cu, and Zn. Exposure to either of the anaesthetics significantly increased lung MDA levels compared to control (Mann-Whitney U test; P<0.05), probably because it is the tissue directly exposed to anaesthetic gases. Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in other tissues varied between the desflurane and sevoflurane groups. Our results suggest that anaesthesiologist should not only be aware of the oxidative or antioxidative potential of anaesthetics they use, but should also base their choices on organs which are the most affected by their oxidative actionkisikovih radikala tako i zbog smanjene aktivnosti obrambenih sustava koji se mogu oduprijeti njihovu djelovanju. Stoga su saznanja o antioksidativnom kapacitetu anestetika koji se primjenjuju prije nekoga kirurškog zahvata vrlo važna i od velikog su kliničkog značenja. Sevofl uran i desfl uran su inhalacijski anestetici koji se učestalo rabe u svrhu uvođenja bolesnika u anesteziju. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razine oksidativnog stresa u različitim tkivima štakora i usporediti razlike u odgovoru tkiva na izlaganje navedenim anesteticima. U tu svrhu razine oksidativnog stresa izmjerili smo u jetri, mozgu, bubrezima i plućima štakora podijeljenih u tri eksperimentalne skupine. Kontrolna skupina udisala je samo zrak, dok su druge dvije skupine izložene 8 %-tnomu sevofl uranu te 4 %-tnomu desfl uranu tijekom 4 h. Nakon završetka obrade životinje su žrtvovane i uzimani su im uzorci tkiva za biokemijske analize. Mjerena je razina malondialdehida (MDA), aktivnst enzima superoksid dismutaze (SOD) i glutation peroksidaze (GSH-Px) te razine bakra i cinka. Izloženost anesteticima izazvala je oksidativni stres u plućima, na što upućuje značajno povišena razina MDA (Mann-Whitney U-test P<0.05) izmjerena u plućnom tkivu štakora obiju izloženih skupina u odnosu na kontrolu. Plućno je tkivo u odnosu na ostala tkiva podložnije štetnim utjecajima reaktivnih kisikovih radikala vjerojatno stoga što je ono prvo izloženo plinovitim anesteticima nakon njihova ulaska u organizam. Razine oksidativnog stresa i antioksidativne aktivnosti koje smo izmjerili u ostalim tkivima bile su različite te su ovisile o primijenjenom anestetiku. Na osnovi dobivenih rezultata možemo zaključiti da bi se zbog različitog odgovora tkiva izbor anestetika trebao provoditi na individualnoj osnovi

Çeneler bölgesinde meydana gelen kemik defektlerinin solvent dehidrate allojen spongiöz kemik greftleri ile tedavisi

Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.100 SUMMARY In the maxillofacial region, large osseous defects are formed because of congenital, traumatic, degenerative and neoplastic pathologies. Healing of such defects take a long time. In some cases apperant defects may continue to exist which cause functional, esthetic and psychological problems. Succesful results can be achieved when autogen grafts are used to fill such defects. But, mostly because autogen graft material is not plenty enough to fill the defect or because of the known disadventages of autogen bone grafts, bone substitutes are usually needed for treating such defects. That's why, for more than a century scientists have been searching for a bone substitute which have the properties of autogen bone grafts. During the past few years, in many surgery departments all over the world, cryopreserved, lyophilized and frozen allogenic spongiosa bone grafts have succesfuliy been used. Today it's known that these kinds of grafting materials may carry microorganismus like HIV, HBV, HCV, CJD virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Treponemma pallidum. For this reason, In the last decade grafts which are obtained by solvent dehidratation method and then sterilized by y-rays are prefered for101 use. Serologic, microbiologic and histopathologic surveys indicate that such grafts have an osteoinductive potential, are biocompatybiiity acceptable and can be used safety as bone substitutes. In our study we used SDAS bone graft for treating bony defects that occured after complete enucleation and / or curretage of large cystic lesions in 63 patients and tumoral lesions in 5 patients. Besides we used this biomateriai for alveofopfasty operations In 6 patients; for the closure of the foramens (foramen incisivum, foramen mentale, foramen infraorbitaie) after periferic neuroectomy in 4 patients; and for treating traumatic bony defects in 4 patients. During the follow-up period which lasted 24-36 months, the only complication occured was the iong lasting exposure of bone grafts to the orai cavity in 4 cyst cases. During the post-operative period, in non of the patients carsinogenic, toxic and allergic reactions, excessive edema, pain, hematoma, seconder hemorrhage, infection and rejection of the graft occured. We're planning to use block forms of SDAS bone grafts in our future studies which are going to be related to orthognathic surgery, treating cleft lip and palate cases and pre-prosthodontic surgery for augmentation of atrophic alveolar ridge.98 ÖZET Çeneler ve yüz bölgesinde; konjenital, travmatik, dejeneralif ve neopfastik nedenlerle büyük çapta kemik dokusu kayıpları meydana gelmektedir. Böyle vakaların iyileşmesi çok uzun zaman almaktadır. Bazı olgularda, o bölgede belirgin defektler kalabilmektedir. Bu defektler, hastalarda foksiyonel, estetik ve psikolojik problemlere yol açabilmektedir. Otojen greftierie bu defektlerin tedavisi yapıldığında başarılı sonuçlar alınmakla birlikte çoğu zaman yeterli greft alınamadığından veya otojen greftlerin bilinen dezavantajları nedeniyle kemik yedek materyallerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu nedenle yüzyılı aşkın süreden beri araştırmacılar, otojen greftlerin taşıdığı özeliklere sahip kemik yedek materyalleri arayışlarını sürdürmektedirler. Son yıllarda tüm dünyada pek çok cerrahi kliniğinde sıvı azotta derin dondurulmuş, liyofilize ve dondurulmuş allojen spongioz kemik greftleri başarıyla kullanılmıştır. Ancak günümüzde bu tür greftlerin HIV, HBV, HCV, CJD virüsleri ile Mycobacterium tuberculozis ve Treponemma pallidum gibi bakterileri bulaştırabileceği saptanmıştır. Bu nedenie özellikle son on yıldır solvent dehldratasyon yöntemi ile elde edilmiş ve y-ışını ile sterilize edilmiş allojen spongöz greftler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Yapılan serolojik, mikrobiyolojik ve histopatoiojik çalışmalar, bu greftlerin güvenle99 kullanılabilecek, osteoindüktif etkili ve biyouyumlu kemik yedek materyalleri olduğunu göstermektedir. Biz de bu çalışmamızda 63 büyük çaplı kist ve 5 tümör olgusunda lezyonun tamamen çıkarılmasını takiben oluşan kemik defektlerinde, 6 hastada alveoloplasti operasyonunda, 4 hastada yapılan periferik nöroktomi sonrasında foramen incisivum, foramen mentale ve foramen infraorbitaie'nin kapatılmasında ve 4 olguda da travma sonucu oluşan kemik defektinin tedavisinde uyguladık. Hastalarımızın 24-36 aylık kontrolleri süresince 4 kist olgusunda, 1 yıl süre kemik greftinin ağız ortamıyla direkt ilişkili hale gelmesinin dışında hiçbir komplikasyona rastlamadık. Hastaların hiçbirinde postoperatif dönemde karsinojenik, toksik ve allerjik reaksiyonlar, aşırı ödem, ağrı, hematom, sekonder kanama, enfeksiyon ve greftin atılımı meydana gelmemiştir. Hastalarımızın klinik ve radyolojik kontrollerinde nükse rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlan, SDÂS kemik greftlerinin büyük çaptaki kemik defektlerine uygulandığında, hızlı ve kompiikasyonsuz bir iyileşme sağladığını göstermekle birlikte, yaptığımız yurt içi ve yurt dışı literatür taramasında, az sayıda vaka takdimi dışında kapsamlı bir klinik çalışmaya rastlamadık. Bu nedenle SDAS greftleri ile ilgili olarak daha fazla bilgi kazandıracak yeni çalışmaların yapılması taraftarıyız. SDÂS kemik greftleriyie yapmayı planladığımız yeni araştırmalarımızda, greftin blok formunu ortognatik cerrahide yarık damak olgularının tedavisinde ve preprotetik uygulamalarda atrofik kretierin yükseltilmesi ve genişletilmesi amacıyla kullanımını amaçlamaktayı

Holter ECG assessment of the effects of three different local anesthetic solutions on cardiovascular system in the sedated dental patients with coronary artery disease

WOS: 000323324400016PubMed ID: 23728226Objective: The purpose of the study is to compare the effects of lidocaine alone, epinephrine-combined lidocaine and prilocaine with octapressin on the cardiovascular system during minor oral surgery of sedated cardiac dental patients under local anesthesia. Methods: Connected to a Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor for a total of 5 hours starting 1 hour before the procedure, twenty patients with high risk of coronary artery disease were included in the prospective cohort study. All the patients had three operations at 3 different appointments with at least one-week intervals and each operation was performed under local anesthesia achieved by 3.6 mL of 3% prilocaine with octapressin, 3.6 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:80.000 epinephrine and 3.6 mL of 2% lidocaine without a vasoconstrictor. Data of the Holter ECG device assessed at the end of every hour and evaluated statistically. Repeated measures ANOVA, Friedman test, and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to perform statistical analysis. Results: Heart-rate showed significant differences between lidocaine with epinephrine and pure lidocaine in an hour following the injection (p<0.05 for all). Cardiac rhythm showed significant differences between prilocaine with octapressin and pure lidocaine at the second hour after its administration (p<0.05 for all). There were no significant differences between 3 local anesthetics in terms of ST segment deviation. Conclusion: In minor oral operation on the sedated patients with cardiac disease, the use of 3.6 mL or a less amount of local anesthetic injection containing epinephrine appears to be a predictable and safe method

Effects of Transmandibular Symphyseal Distraction on Teeth, Bone, and Temporomandibular Joint

WOS: 000270520900026PubMed ID: 19761921Purpose: The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the clinical effects and long-term results of the transmandibular symphyseal distraction technique for the correction of mandibular transverse deficiencies. This was achieved by assessing the dental, skeletal, and temporomandibular joint changes in the sagittal, vertical, and axial planes using cephalograms, dental casts, and computed tomography (CT). Patients and Methods: Seven patients with mandibular trans-verse deficiencies (3 females and 4 males), aged 14.3 to 22.5 years (mean 16.2), were treated with a bone-borne transmandibular distractor. Lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric films, CT scans of both temporomandibular joints, and dental casts were obtained preoperatively, at the end of the distraction period, and at the end of 3 years (clinical follow-up period). The clinical findings were assessed according to the morphologic and functional success criteria established by the Steering Group of European Collaboration on Cranial Facial Anomalies for patients with developmental dentofacial anomalies undergoing craniofacial distraction osteogenesis. The statistical analysis of cephalometric films and dental cast measurements was done using the paired t test. The mean postoperative examination period was 40 months (range 36 to 48). Results: The desired amount of distraction was achieved in all patients: (mean 6.48 nm). The intraoperative and postoperative complications encountered included damage to the central incisors during vertical osteotomy (I patient), wound dehiscence after a latent period (3 patients), mild temporomandibular joint pain during the distraction period (3 patients), and chronic gingivitis around the activation rods (7 patients). The success criteria for craniofacial distraction osteogenesis were fulfilled at the end of the 3-year follow-up period. Model analysis showed that the maximal amount of expansion was achieved at the premolar region (first premolar 5.79 mm, second premolar 5.07 mm). Frontal (posteroanterior) cephalograms taken at the end of the distraction period revealed significant increases in the bicondylar (0-35 mm), bigonion (3.43 mm), biantegonion (2.29 mm), and intermolar (4.0 mm) widths, and the ramal angle had decreased significantly (-1.64 degrees). The increase in the transverse measurements was greater at the dentoalveolar level than at the base of the mandible. Lateral cephalograms showed that transmandibular symphyseal distraction produced significant increases in the incisor mandibular plane angle (2.79 degrees) mid mandibular body length (1.72 mm). The effect of the procedure on the condyle was 2.5 degrees to 3 degrees of distolateral rotation as calculated using the CT scans. Dental crowding was resolved rapidly by the movement of the teeth into the distraction regenerate. Conclusions: The clinical and radiologic results of the present study have shown that a transmandibular distractor is a clinically effective bone-borne distractor for the correction of mandibular transverse deficiencies and anterior crowding. The follow-up cephalograms and CT scans showed the transverse skeletal stability of the distraction procedure and no permanent temporomandibular dysfunction. However, additional multicenter studies with more patients are necessary to precisely evaluate the long-term postdistraction changes on the skeleton, teeth, and temporomandibular joint. (C) 2009 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:2254-2265, 2009Department of Scientific Research Projects, Ege University, Bornova, TurkeyEge UniversityThis study was supported by the Department of Scientific Research Projects, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey

Micronuclei frequencies in oral mucosal cells in patients undergoing nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires therapy

51st Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology (EUROTOX) -- September 13-16, 2015 -- Portuguese Soc Pharmacol, Sect Toxicol, Porto, PortugalWOS: 000370693801269Nickel(Ni)andtitanium(Ti),primarycomponentsoforthodonticappliances,areroutinelyusedinorthodontictreatmentinrecent years.However,littleisknownaboutthepossiblegenotoxiceffects oftheseapplianceswithrespecttochildrenevaluatingassensitive group. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxiceffectsoffixedorthodonticappliancesinasampleofchildren patients undergoing orthodontic appliances with micronucleus (MN) test. In this study, right and left buccal epithelial cells were collectedfromatotalof32patientsbeforeplacementand7th,15th and 30th days after placement of fixed appliances.European Society of Toxicolog

Investigation of the genotoxic effect and trace element levels of the nickel-titanium arc-wires used in orthodontic treatment

52nd Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology (EUROTOX) -- SEP 04-07, 2016 -- Seville, SPAINWOS: 000402436700891Nickel-titanium alloy arch-wires are the most frequently used biomaterials thanks to their biocompatibility in orthodontic treatment. Despite these properties we have some evidence about carcinogenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of the materials is associated with their corrosion properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genotoxic effects using Micronucleus (MN) technique in 32 patients (consisting of 16 boys and 16 girls whose ages range from 12 to 17) undergoing the Ni-Ti arc-wires treatment. Also, some bioelement (Fe, Cu and Zn) levels in saliva were determined for certain sampling times. The sampling time for patients is 0 (as control) 7th, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th days. The mean MN frequency per 1000 cells has increased significantly in days 7, 15, 30 and 45 compared to the control group. However, there was not a significant difference between the 60th and the control group. In addition, the mean MN frequency in the 90th day was found to decrease significantly compared to the control group. Cu values in the saliva samples showed a statistically significant increase in all experimental groups compared to the control group, while there was a significant decrease in Fe and Zn values compared to the control group. Consequently, it has been determined that the genotoxic effects related to Ni-Ti alloy wire were at identifiable levels; however, these effects did not pose a problem in terms of the long-term biocompatibility of the materials.European Society of Toxicolog