6 research outputs found
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åæ³äžæ¢ã掻æ§åããããšã§ãç¹æ®æ©èœä¿é²ã«å¯äžããŠããããšã瀺åãããMale-female interaction is important for selecting a suitable mating partner and for ensuring reproductive success. It was suggested that male sexual signals such as vocalizations are attractive to females in many animals. Male mice emit song-like âultrasonic vocalizations (USVs)â, when they encounter female or femaleâs urinary pheromones. The characteristics of male USVs differ among inbred strains (Panksepp et al., 2007; Kikusui et al., 2011; Sugimoto et al., 2011), and their USV profiles are suggested to be regulated genetically. On the other hand, the biological significance of these repertoires of USVs has not been identified. To demonstrate that female mice could discriminate different male USVs, we recently conducted playback experiments to assess the responses of female mice to USVs of male mice from various strains. We found that inbred female mice could discriminate the characteristics of USVs, and that they preferred the USVs of mice that were from different strains than their own strains. It was suggested that this preference of females for USVs of males from a different strain contributes to disassortative mating, which is an important mate choice strategy for avoiding inbreeding and facilitating the heterozygosity of offspring. In addition, we also found that the preference of females for USVs from a different strain was only observed when females were concomitantly exposed to the male pheromone, âExocrine grand-secreting peptide 1 (ESP1)â (Asaba et al., 2014). This implies that the preference for male USVs is governed by the multisensory integration of both acoustic and olfactory signals. In Chapter 1, to understand the underlying neural mechanism, we searched the nuclei that were activated when exposed to both male USVs and pheromone in female mice.ããMale vocalizations are not only attracting to females but could also promote female fertility in some animals. However, it had not been studied intensively in mice USVs. We recently investigated the relationship between the numbers of delivery in breeding pairs for 4 months and numbers of USVs syllables emitted from males of those pairs during 3 minutes of sexual encounter with unfamiliar females. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between these two indices, suggesting a possibility that male USVs could promote femaleâs fertility. We also examined the effect of male USVs on sexual behavior in females, and found that females approached towards vocalizing-males more frequently as compared to devocalized-males. In Chapter 2, to understand how male USVs activate reproductive function in females, we examined whether male USVs could increase estradiol level and activate Kisspeptin neurons, key neurons to regulate reproductive function in the hypothalamus.Chapter 1: Multisensory integration of male USVs and pheromone in female miceããIn experiment 1, we analyzed the c-fos expression pattern by in situ hybridization in the whole brain areas of female mice when exposed to male USVs generated by the ultrasound speakers after ESP1 exposure. The results demonstrated that the higher expression of c-fos mRNA was observed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) when females were exposed to âESP1 and USVsâ with compared to âESP1 and noiseâ as control. This area has been identified as a key region for multisensory integration and decision-making. Additionally, a higher expression of c-fos mRNA was also observed in the primary auditory cortex (Au1), the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus dorsomedial part (VMHdm), and the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BLA).ããIn experiment 2, we focused on the mPFC and analyzed the relationship between its neural activity using immunocytochemistry and behaviors. Females were exposed to either male USVs or noise control combination with either ESP1 or Tris-HCL (vehicle for ESP1) exposure. Compared with exposure of âTris and noiseâ, the larger number of c-fos-immunoreactive (IR) cells in the prelimbic region (PrL) of the mPFC and longer time in searching behavior to the speaker were observed in females exposed to âESP1 and USVsâ. In addition, there was a positive correlation between these 2 matters, suggesting that females exposed to the USVs had a larger number of c-fos-IR cells in the PrL and a longer time searching.ããIn experiment 3, to examine characteristic of neurons in the PrL that were activated by âESP1 and USVsâ, we conducted dual-label immunocytochemistry with c-fos and either GABAgenic or glutamatergic neuronal marker. As a glutamatergic neuronal marker, GLS2 (phosphate activated glutaminase 2) was used. As results, most of c-fos-IR cells in the PrL also expressed GLS2, indicating that the neurons activated by ESP1 and USVs are excitatory glutamatergic neurons. It is suggested that these neurons transmit neural signals to another region and regulate approaching behavior to male USVs.Chapter 2: Effect of male USVs to reproductive neuroendocrine system in female miceããIn experiment 4, we measured estradiol concentration in the feces when exposed to male USVs or noise control by enzyme immunoassays. It has suggested that the fecal estradiol concentration reflects peripheral estradiol level (Chelini et al., 2005). However, there was no significant difference in the fecal estradiol concentration between the groups. ããIn experiment 5, we focused on estradiol in brain and measured estradiol concentration in the hypothalamus and auditory cortex. Previous studies have revealed that the estradiol level in this brain area is increased by exposure of male vocalization in birds (Maney and Pinaud, 2011). However, there was no significant difference in the estradiol concentration between USVs exposure group and noise exposure group in these areas.ããIn experiment 6, the activation of kisspeptin neurons were examined using dual-label immunocytochemistry with cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation (pCREB) in females exposed to âTris and noiseâ, âESP1 and noiseâ, âTris and USVsâ, and âESP1 and USVsâ. We focused on two distinctive populations of kisspeptin neurons located in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the acuate nucleus (Arc) in the hypothalamus. In the AVPV, there was no significant difference in the rate of kisspeptin neurons expressing pCREB between the groups. On the other hand, in the Arc, the rate of kisspeptin neurons expressing pCREB significantly increased in both âTris and USVsâ and âESP1 and USVsâ exposure groups as compared with âTris and noiseâ. Kisspeptin neurons in the Arc have known to be the proximate source of the GnRH pulse secretion that is essential for basal FSH secretion, thereby promoting follicular development. This results suggest that male USVs could increase female fertility by activating the kisspeptin neurons in the Arc.ããIn conclusion, we discovered that higher neural activity was evoked in the PrL of mPFC when female mice were exposed to both male pheromone and USVs. We suggest that the preference for male USVs is induced by multisensory integration with pheromonal cue in PrL. Additionally, our results suggest that male USVs activate kisspeptin neurons in the Arc, implying that male USVs contribute to follicular development in female mice. The present study uncovers new possibilities for studying the molecular and neural mechanisms of multisensory integration, and contributes to reveal the mechanism for enhancing female reproductive function by male signals in animals.å士(åŠè¡)麻åžå€§
Developmental Social Environment Imprints Female Preference for Male Song in Mice
<div><p>Background</p><p>Sexual imprinting is important for kin recognition and for promoting outbreeding, and has been a driving force for evolution; however, little is known about sexual imprinting by auditory cues in mammals. Male mice emit song-like ultrasonic vocalizations that possess strain-specific characteristics.</p><p>Objectives</p><p>In this study, we asked whether female mice imprint and prefer specific characteristics in male songs.</p><p>Methods and Findings</p><p>We used the two-choice test to determine the song preference of female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. By assessing the time engaged in searching behavior towards songs played back to females, we found that female mice displayed an innate preference for the songs of males from different strains. Moreover, this song preference was regulated by female reproductive status and by male sexual cues such as the pheromone ESP1. Finally, we revealed that this preference was reversed by cross-fostering and disappeared under fatherless conditions, indicating that the behavior was learned by exposure to the father's song.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our results suggest that female mice can discriminate among male song characteristics and prefer songs of mice from strains that are different from their parents, and that these preferences are based on their early social experiences. This is the first study in mammals to demonstrate that male songs contribute to kin recognition and mate choice by females, thus helping to avoid inbreeding and to facilitate offspring heterozygosity.</p></div
Female mice prefer songs of males from different strains.
<p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic of the apparatus used for the playback experiment. (<b>b</b>) B6 (<i>n</i>â=â6) and BALB (<i>n</i>â=â10) females in diestrus exposed to male-soiled bedding before testing showed longer-duration search times for other strains' songs. (<b>c</b>) Duration of time searching during diestrus in B6 (<i>n</i>â=â5) and BALB (<i>n</i>â=â7) females in the absence of male odor before testing. (<b>d</b>) B6 (<i>n</i>â=â11) and BALB (<i>n</i>â=â13) females in diestrus exposed to male pheromone ESP1 before testing showed longer duration search times for other strains' songs. Values represent means+standard error. Asterisks indicate significant differences p<0.05.</p
Female song searching response to playback with KJR and ICR strain male song.
<p>(<b>a</b>) When B6 and ICR male songs were presented, ESP1-treated B6 females showed longer search times for ICR songs than for B6 songs (<i>n</i>â=â13), whereas there was no difference in search time when B6 and KJR male songs were presented (<i>n</i>â=â12). (<b>b</b>) When BALB and KJR male songs were presented, ESP1-treated BALB females showed longer search times for KJR songs than for BALB songs (<i>n</i>â=â12), whereas there was no difference when BALB and ICR male songs were presented (<i>n</i>â=â11). Values represent means+standard error. Asterisks indicate significant differences p<0.05.</p