Retrospective analysis of injury trends in recreational skiers and snowboarders in Erciyes Ski Centre

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the important differences in overall rates and frequency of injury cases and injury characteristics between the recreational alpine skiers and snowboarders in Erciyes Ski Centre. Methods: The data for this research was obtained from the Erciyes Ski Centre Injury Surveillance System. A total of 834 injury cases that ski patrols registered injury cases caused by recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding during the 2002 to 2017 winter seasons were respectively examined. The injury cases were grouped according to the skiing disciplines. All data were analysed using SPSS software. Results: Injury cases were 690 skiers (82.7%) and 144 snowboarders (17.3%). 397 (57.5%) male and 293 (42.5%) female were skiers and 91 (63.2%) male and 53 (36.8%) female were snowboarders. There was no statistically significant difference between the gender ratios in skiers and snowboarders (p > .05). Data analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the ratios of lower and upper extremity injuries between skiers and snowboarders ( p < .05 ). Skiers suffered more lower extremity injuries while snowboarders suffered more upper extremity injuries ( p < .05 ). Contusion was the most common injuries type in both skiers and snowboarders ( p < .05) . Conclusions: The lower extremity injuries in skiers and the upper extremity injuries in snowboarders were more common with respect to body location of injuries. For both the recreational activities, contusion was the most common injury type

Cranial and ventricular size following shunting or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in infants with aqueductal stenosis: further insights from the International Infant Hydrocephalus Study (IIHS)

Purpose: The craniometrics of head circumference (HC) and ventricular size are part of the clinical assessment of infants with hydrocephalus and are often utilized in conjunction with other clinical and radiological parameters to determine the success of treatment. We aimed to assess the effect of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and shunting on craniometric measurements during the follow-up of a cohort of infants with symptomatic triventricular hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of data from the International Infant Hydrocephalus Study (IIHS)—a prospective, multicenter study of infants (\u3c 24 months old) with hydrocephalus from aqueductal stenosis who were treated with either an ETV or shunt. During various stages of a 5-year follow-up period, the following craniometrics were measured: HC, HC centile, HC z-score, and frontal-occipital horn ratio (FOR). Data were compared in an analysis of covariance, adjusting for baseline variables including age at surgery and sex. Results: Of 158 enrolled patients, 115 underwent an ETV, while 43 received a shunt. Both procedures led to improvements in the mean HC centile position and z-score, a trend which continued until the 5-year assessment point. A similar trend was noted for FOR which was measured at 12 months and 3 years following initial treatment. Although the values were consistently higher for ETV compared with shunt, the differences in HC value, centile, and z-score were not significant. ETV was associated with a significantly higher FOR compared with shunting at 12 months (0.52 vs 0.44; p = 0.002) and 3 years (0.46 vs 0.38; p = 0.03) of follow-up. Conclusion: ETV and shunting led to improvements in HC centile, z-score, and FOR measurements during long-term follow-up of infants with hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis. Head size did not significantly differ between the treatment groups during follow-up, however ventricle size was greater in those undergoing ETV when measured at 1 and 3 years following treatment

Prediction of VO2max from an individualized submaximal cycle ergometer protocol

We hypothesized that a large proportion of the error of VO₂max prediction comes from individual differences in heart rate responses to submaximal exercise, and that if these differences could be decreased the accuracy of VO₂max prediction would increase. Eighty (43 male, 37 female) sedentary to highly trained, healthy volunteers first completed a self-report physical activity assessment (Lo-Par), and then performed a modified YMCA protocol with 4-minute stages, a second submaximal test involving an individualized ramp submaximal protocol that was terminated at 80 of their cycle ergometer age-predicted maximum heart rate. Exercise and five-minute recovery heart rate data were collected. A ramp cycle ergometer protocol with expired gas analysis was used to measure actual VO₂ max. Multiple regression analysis produced a model resulting in an *R²* = 0.867 and SEE = 4.23 mL/kg/min, with a prediction equation as follows: `VO₂ max (mL/kg/min) = 46.103 + (-0.353*Body Weight) + (0.683*Watts/min) + (-5.995*Gender) + (0.165*Delta Recovery Heart Rate) + (2.816*Recovery Heart Rate Non-Linear K) + (0.0138*Lo-PAR Exercise) + 4.234`. T-test statistics showed no statistically significant differences between observed and predicted VO₂max. Mean difference between YMCA, ACSM, and Astrand-Ryhming Nomogram estimated VO₂ max and observed VO₂ max were significant. However, the new equation did not decrease the error of prediction to the extent hypothesized

Aerobic Performance in Young Soccer Players

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship between performance in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YIRT1), the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (YIRT2) and the Yo-Yo endurance test (continuous) (YET) with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ) and Wingate anaerobic performance (WaNT) test results in young soccer players (age 15.00 +/- 0.0 years, body height 176.3 +/- 4.2 cm and body mass 68.1 +/- 3.6 kg). An ergospirometry device was used during the treadmill test (TRT) to determine VO2max. At the end of the study, significant differences were found between the Yo-Yo tests and TRT in terms of HRmax (TRT = 195,92, YIRT1 = 197,83, YIRT2 = 198,5 YET = 198) (p > 0.05). While there were moderate correlations between VO2max and YIRT 1-2 performances (respectively, r = 0.56, r = 0.53), there was only a weak relationship between VO2max and YET performance (r = 0.43) (distance covered). There were also moderate significant negative correlations between performance in the YIRT2 and peak power measured in the WaNT (r = -0.55), although there were no significant correlations between performance in the three tests and average power. A moderate negative correlation was found between performance in the YIRT2 and Fatigue index (FI ) (r = -0,66). In conclusion, the YIRT2 may be a more suitable field test for determining both aerobic and anaerobic performance in soccer players

The relationship between the Yo-Yo tests, anaerobic performance and aerobic performance in young soccer players

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship between performance in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YIRT1), the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (YIRT2) and the Yo-Yo endurance test (continuous) (YET) with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and Wingate anaerobic performance (WaNT) test results in young soccer players (age 15.00 ± 0.0 years, body height 176.3 ± 4.2 cm and body mass 68.1 ± 3.6 kg). An ergospirometry device was used during the treadmill test (TRT) to determine VO2max. At the end of the study, significant differences were found between the Yo-Yo tests and TRT in terms of HRmax (TRT = 195,92, YIRT1 = 197,83, YIRT2 = 198,5 YET = 198) (p > 0.05). While there were moderate correlations between VO2max and YIRT 1-2 performances (respectively, r = 0.56, r = 0.53), there was only a weak relationship between VO2max and YET performance (r = 0.43) (distance covered). There were also moderate significant negative correlations between performance in the YIRT2 and peak power measured in the WaNT (r = -0.55), although there were no significant correlations between performance in the three tests and average power. A moderate negative correlation was found between performance in the YIRT2 and Fatigue index (FI) (r = -0,66). In conclusion, the YIRT2 may be a more suitable field test for determining both aerobic and anaerobic performance in soccer players. © Editorial Committee of Journal of Human Kinetics

Aerobic Performance in Young Soccer Players

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship between performance in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YIRT1), the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (YIRT2) and the Yo-Yo endurance test (continuous) (YET) with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ) and Wingate anaerobic performance (WaNT) test results in young soccer players (age 15.00 +/- 0.0 years, body height 176.3 +/- 4.2 cm and body mass 68.1 +/- 3.6 kg). An ergospirometry device was used during the treadmill test (TRT) to determine VO2max. At the end of the study, significant differences were found between the Yo-Yo tests and TRT in terms of HRmax (TRT = 195,92, YIRT1 = 197,83, YIRT2 = 198,5 YET = 198) (p > 0.05). While there were moderate correlations between VO2max and YIRT 1-2 performances (respectively, r = 0.56, r = 0.53), there was only a weak relationship between VO2max and YET performance (r = 0.43) (distance covered). There were also moderate significant negative correlations between performance in the YIRT2 and peak power measured in the WaNT (r = -0.55), although there were no significant correlations between performance in the three tests and average power. A moderate negative correlation was found between performance in the YIRT2 and Fatigue index (FI ) (r = -0,66). In conclusion, the YIRT2 may be a more suitable field test for determining both aerobic and anaerobic performance in soccer players

Порівняння балансових навичок атлетів дзюдо з ослабленим зором і без порушення зору і атлетів в голбол / футзал

Background and Study Aim: In order to sustain the performance in sport, it is necessary to constantly struggle with the factors which disrupt balance, and maintain the desired balance. The purpose of the present study is to compare and demonstrate the effects of sight grade on static and dynamic balance, and fall risk parameters in visually impaired and non-impaired judo athletes and goalball/futsal players. Material and Methods: A total of 26 male athletes (13 Judo, 13 Goalball/Futsal) participated in the study voluntarily. The participants performed two balance tests as Overall Stability Test and Fall Risk Test with the eyes open and eyes closed. The parameters observed were static and dynamic overall stability, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral index, and fall risk. Results: According to the findings, there were significant differences in all the parameters with the eyes open and eyes closed conditions in visually non-impaired athletes regardless of the sport branch, while visually impaired athletes showed no significant difference. However, more loss of balance was observed in all the parameters for visually impaired athletes. Conclusions: These findings show that visual system has a crucial role on balance, and athletes with visually impaired have more advanced vestibular system and proprioceptive senses to maintain their balance. It was also understood that visually non-impaired athletes tend to show more deteriorated balance level when their eyes were closed. Future studies could examine the vestibular and proprioceptive senses besides visual system to provide information about how balance is affected from other systems.Предпосылки и цель исследования. Чтобы поддерживать работоспособность в спорте, необходимо постоянно бороться с факторами, которые нарушают равновесие и поддерживают желаемый баланс. Цель настоящего исследования - сравнить и продемонстрировать влияние оценки зрения на статическую и динамическую сбалансированность, а также параметры риска падения у атлетов дзюдо с нарушением и без нарушения зрения и игроков в голбол/футзал. Материал и методы: Всего в исследовании участвовало 26 мужчин-спортсменов (13 дзюдо, 13 голабол / футзал). Участники провели два теста баланса: общий тест на устойчивость и тест на риск падения с открытыми глазами и закрытыми глазами. Наблюдаемыми параметрами были статическая и динамическая общая стабильность, передне-задний и медиально-боковой индекс и риск падения. Результаты. По имеющимся данным, во всех параметрах были обнаружены значительные различия с открытыми глазами и закрытыми глазами в условиях слабовидящих спортсменов независимо от спортивной отрасли, в то время как спортсмены с ослабленным зрением не показали существенной разницы. Однако во всех параметрах для спортсменов с ослабленным зрением наблюдалась большая потеря равновесия. Выводы. Эти данные показывают, что визуальная система играет решающую роль на балансе, а спортсмены по сравнению со слабовидящими имеют более развитую вестибулярную систему и проприоцептивные чувства для поддержания равновесия. Было также понятно, что спортсмены с ослабленным зрением, как правило, демонстрируют более ухудшенный баланс, когда их глаза закрыты. В будущих исследованиях можно было бы изучить вестибулярные и проприоцептивные ощущения, кроме визуальной системы, чтобы предоставить информацию о том, как баланс влияет на другие системы.Передумови та мета дослідження. Щоб підтримувати працездатність в спорті, необхідно постійно боротися з факторами, які порушують рівновагу і підтримують бажаний баланс. Мета цього дослідження - порівняти і продемонструвати вплив оцінки зору на статичну і динамічну збалансованість, а також параметри ризику падіння у атлетів дзюдо з порушенням і без порушення зору і гравців в голбол / футзал. Матеріал і методи: Всього в дослідженні брало участь 26 чоловіків-спортсменів (13 дзюдо, 13 голбол / футзал). Учасники провели два тести балансу: загальний тест на стійкість і тест на ризик падіння з відкритими очима і закритими очима. Спостерігаючими параметрами були статична і динамічна загальна стабільність, передньо-задній і медіально-бічний індекс і ризик падіння. Результати. За наявними даними, у всіх параметрах були виявлені значні відмінності з відкритими очима і закритими очима в умовах слабозорих спортсменів незалежно від спортивної галузі, в той час як спортсмени з ослабленим зором не показали суттєвої різниці. Однак у всіх параметрах для спортсменів з вадами зору спостерігалася велика втрата рівноваги. Висновки. Ці дані показують, що візуальна система відіграє вирішальну роль на балансі, а спортсмени в порівнянні зі слабким зором мають більш розвинену вестибулярную систему і пропріорецептивні почуття для підтримки рівноваги. Було також зрозуміло, що спортсмени з ослабленим зором, як правило, демонструють більш погіршений баланс, коли їх очі закриті. У майбутніх дослідженнях можна було б вивчити вестибулярні і пропріорецептивні відчуття, крім візуальної системи, щоб надати інформацію про те, як баланс впливає на інші системи