Advert Exposure on Consumer Purchase Decisions: An Empirical Study on MTN Nigeria

This study investigated the effect of advertising on consumer purchase decision using MTN as an example. The specific objectives of the study were to: (i) Establish the relationship between advert exposure and customers’ patronage of MTN services; (ii) Find out whether exposure to MTN advert has any effects on consumer awareness of such products and services; (iii) Examine the relationship between MTN’s advert exposure and consumers’ preference for MTN services competing brands, among others. The study used survey research method with three hypotheses. Based on the nature of the hypotheses, the study used correlation and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test Statistics to test the hypotheses. The Results showed that (r = 0.425**) between advert exposure and consumers’ patronage of MTN products and services is significant and positive at the 0.05 level, the correlation (r = 0.373*) between advert exposure and consumers preference for MTN service is moderately significant and positive at the 0.05 level, among others. The study recommends that advertising strategies be properly managed and maintained in getting attention through colourful and captivating advertisements. It also recommends that companies should invest in the use of advertisements for quality services. Moreover, adverts should be more customer-friendly; it should be simple for target audience to understan

RELATIONSHIP MARKETING AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVE

This article examined the existing body of literature on transaction and relationship marketing. The specific objectives were to develop a conceptual framework to establish the relationship between relationship marketing and customer satisfaction and to examine the components of relationship marketing on the present ever dynamic world of business. The study identified relationship marketing variables and their impact on customer satisfaction. The framework aims to provide insights into the studies on relationship marketing factors such as trust, commitment, communication, and service quality influence on customer satisfaction. The model provided a basis for empirical studies on the factors of relationship marketing and outcomes of customer satisfaction in developing nations. The study recommends that relationship marketing dimensions such as building customer’s trust, commitment to customers, communication and service quality should be properly managed and maintained by service providers in Nigeria. This helps in building customer satisfaction and in the long-run customer loyalt

Effective Advertising: Tool For Achieving Client-Customer Relationships

The paper examined the place of advertising as a strategic tool for achieving effective client-customer relationships. The objectives of the paper include: (i) to determine how creativity in advertising effects customers’ purchase decisions; (ii) to examine the effects of frequency of advertising on customers’ repurchases of products/service (iii) to proffer useful policy recommendations which companies will find beneficial when faithfully implemented, amongst others. The paper used survey research method with structured questionnaire which were administered among sampled respondents. Based on the nature of the hypothesis, the paper used correlation and ANOVA test statistics to analyze the information gathered through the questionnaire. Findings showed that creativity in advertising affects customer purchase decisions. Findings further reveal that frequency of advertising has effects on customer’s purchase of a product, amongst others. The paper makes valuable recommendations which companies and captains of industry will find useful when faithfully implemented

HUMAN PARAGONIMIASIS IN AFRICA

An up-to-date review on human paragonimiasis in Africa was carried out to determine the current geographical distribution of human cases and analyze the animal reservoir, snails and crustaceans which intervene in the local life cycle of Paragonimus species. Two countries, i.e., Cameroon and Nigeria, were mainly affected by this disease, while the distribution of human cases in the other eight states of the intertropical zone was scattered. Infected patients were currently few in number and two Paragonimus species: P. africanus and P. uterobilateralis, were found. The animal reservoir is mainly constituted by crab-eating mammals. The identity of the host snail remains doubtful and was either a prosobranch, or a land snail. Seven crab species belonging to Callinectes, Liberonautes and Sudanonautes genera are able to harbour paragonimid metacercariae. Due to the current low prevalence of human paragonimiasis recorded in Africa and the high cost of wide-scale screenings for this disease, training of technicians in anti-tuberculosis centers would be the most realistic attitude to detect mycobacteria and/or Paragonimus eggs during the same sputum examinatio

A Review of the Impacts SMEs as Social Agents of Economic Liberations in Developing Economies

1/w hene.f/ts 1!1 o hooming .\ 1//~ sector can be seen in the creation of a sound industrial hm,· for an emerging eumonn It rang!'~ .fi"om the prm·iswn of' employment, sources of subsistencl'. ,·,luiwble distrthution of IIK0111es to its citi::ens. to deployment of domestic savings for investments. It ul.111 include. bw not limited. to the increase in capital financial gains. important contribution to Cross I >omestic Product (CIJI'i lwrnessing c1{ natil·e raw materials. curtailing rural-urban migration and efficient uti!i::ation o(a nation·.\ resource. as can b~ seen in the case of Taiwan. South Korea, Singapore. <'t( These are cowuries that were huilt on a d\'namic SML sector 1/owever. many less developed economies /w,·e not bel'n a hie to jullt· utili::e the 111cmv henejits of this sl'ctor. perhaps due to ignorance. This revietr <'\llmined the ntenlto which these .1ocial agems (S\1/~s) which hm·e libera!i::ed several economies oflhe d, l'e!opl'd coumries. such as the { nitecl States. { nited 1\ ingdom. Wider Europe and the BRICS countrh ' 1 Bra:: if. R11.11i11. India. ( 'llina wul So111h .lji-icaJ is being treated with levity within the developing econnlllll'.\. The sttu!r howet'l.'r. focuses 011 the .)',\/Es operating within the Nigerian state. It employed in its ennrety !he re1•ie1r ofsecondw:t· duta , 1171/findings revealed a plethora of issues. Of note was the facl that despite the benefit~ of this l'ihrulll sector to the \'igerian economy. the government policies, infrastructures. finances ammtgst others are not Jhl'omble for its gr01111t all(/ sustainability. The authors recommend that the 1\igerian gm·~mlll<'llt as well os gm·emme/11 of other developing economies must invest substamial!t·to the growth. de,·elollllte/11 011(/ sustainohility of SM!~·s through the provision of essential inji·a.1tructures. 1111111111111 er. microfiiiWICI'. 1·ecurin• am/ adequate po!inji-cunework

Relationship Marketing and Customer Satisfaction: a Conceptual Perspective

This article examined the existing body of literature on transaction and relationship marketing. The specific objectives were to develop a conceptual framework to establish the relationship between relationship marketing and customer satisfaction and to examine the components of relationship marketing on the present ever dynamic world of business. The study identified relationship marketing variables and their impact on customer satisfaction. The framework aimed to provide insights into the studies on relationship marketing factors such as trust, commitment, communication, and service quality influence on customer satisfaction. The model provided a basis for empirical studies on the factors of relationship marketing and outcomes of customer satisfaction in developing nations. The study recommends that relationship marketing dimensions such as building customer\u27s trust, commitment to customers, communication, and service quality should be properly managed and maintained by service providers in Nigeria. This helps in building customer satisfaction and in the long-run customer loyalty

Mortality impact of AIDS in Abidjan, 1986-1992

To quantify the mortality impact of AIDS in the city of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) by a full scale analysis of mortality trends before and after the onset of the epidemic. Data on deaths registered in the 10 vital registration centers of the city between 1973 and 1992, and data on causes of deaths in the four public hospitals were coded and investigated. Data on deaths were compared with census data in order to compute death rates. Life tables were computed for each of the 20 years of the study. The trends in death rates were analysed during the 10 years before the onset of the AIDS epidemic (1973-1982) and compared with the changing death rates in the following 10 years (1983-1992). Deaths attributable to AIDS were defined as those in excess of the original trends. The evolution in the number of deaths in the hospital allowed an analysis by cause of death. There was a marked increase in death rates starting in 1986, date of the first diagnosed AIDS cases in the city. This increase was significant for both sexes, but more pronounced among men. It was concentrated primarily among young adults (aged 25-44 years) and among older children (aged 5-14 years), and most of it was considered to be attributable to AIDS and related infections, tuberculosis in particular. When data were cumulated from 1986 to 1992, approximately 25000 persons were estimated to have died of AIDS. The high number of AIDS deaths estimated in Abidjan underlines the heavy toll already paid by african populations, and calls for intensive action. (Résumé d'auteur

Conséquences démographiques du sida en Abidjan : 1986-1992

Les statistiques de l'état civil et des formations sanitaires sont notoirement peu utilisées en Afrique pour étudier les tendances de la mortalité. L'étude d'Abidjan montre que c'est une situation très regrettable, car ces statistiques peuvent fournir de précieux renseignements sur l'état sanitaire de la population. Dans le cas présent, l'analyse fine des tendances de la mortalité, couplée avec l'analyse des causes de décès dans les hôpitaux, révèle assez précisément les conséquences démographiques du sida dans la capitale de la Côte d'Ivoire, malgré l'imperfection des données. Les estimations indiquent que près de 25 000 personnes seraient décédées du sida entre 1986 et 1992, les sept premières années de l'épidémie, ce qui confirme qu'Abidjan est une des villes les plus touchées au monde par cette troublante épidémie. Ce sont surtout les jeunes de sexe masculin qui ont été les plus touchés, dans toutes les couches de la société. Un modèle a permis de reconstruire la dynamique de l'épidémie, qui montre que le premier pic des infections se serait produit vers 1987. On peut s'attendre à une moyenne d'environ 7 000 cas de sida par an dans la ville jusqu'à l'an 2000, ce qui aura des conséquences importantes sur l'utilisation des infrastructures hospitalières. L'importance numérique de ces estimations souligne l'urgence de renforcer la lutte contre l'épidémie de sida en Côte d'Ivoire et dans le monde. (Résumé d'auteur