Investigation of the TKGM CityGML data model in the context of 3D WebGIS applications

CityGML, kent modellerinin depolanması ve transfer edilmesi için tasarlanmış, açık bir veri modeli ve veri formatıdır. CityGML, 3B CBS uygulamalarında en çok kullanılan veri modeli ve veri formatıdır. TKGM tarafından gerçekleştirilen 3B Kent Modelleri ve 3B Kadastro Projesi kapsamında da CityGML veri modeli ve formatı kullanılmaktadır. Bu proje kapsamında, CityGML veri modeli, veri modelinde tanımlı olmayan 3B kadastro çalışmalarında gerekli verilerin tutulması için genişletilmelidir. Bu bağlamda TKGM, örnek “TKGM CityGML” adlı bir veri modeli tasarlayarak, geliştiriciler için kullanılmak üzere bu veri modeline uygun olarak hazırlanmış örnek bir dosya oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada TKGM CityGML veri modeli ve örnek CityGML dosyası incelenmiştir. Böylece TKGM CityGML veri modeline göre gerçekleştirilecek 3B CBS projelerinde veri modeli ve veri formatından dolayı oluşabilecek sorunlar irdelenmiştir. Bu veri modelinin, veri tekrarına sebep olduğu, içerisindeki verilerin ayrıştırılmasının zor olduğu görülmüştür. Özellikle web uygulamaları için TKGM CityGML veri modeli ve formatının uygun olmadığı görülmüş, bu çalışma kapsamında tespit edilen sorunları gideren yeni bir veri modeli ve formatı önerilmiştirCityGML is designed as an open data model and XML-based format for the storage and exchange of 3DCMs. CityGML is the most used data model and data format for 3D GIS applications. It is also used by nationwide 3D cadastre project called 3D City Models and 3D Cadastre Project by General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre. In the context of this project, CityGML data model should be extended to store city objects that are not defined in the existing CityGML data model. For this purpose, General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre designed a new data model called “TKGM CityGML” and prepared a sample CityGML file for TKGM CityGML data model to be used by developers. In this work, TKGM data model and sample CityGML file has been investigated. The problems that may arise in the 3D applications that use TKGM CityGML data model have been determined. This work indicates that this data model causes data duplication, and this data format is not easy to parse, just like the data model itself. Particularly, this data model and format was not suitable for web applications and in this study a new data model and format have been suggested to eliminate aforementioned problems

Abdominal wall endometriosis in patients with a history of cesarian section

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to review the characteristics, intraoperative and radiological findings of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study was executed through analysis of the medical records of patients who underwent excision of AWE between January 2000 and June 2017. All the diagnoses were confirmed pathologically. Characteristics, intraoperative and radiological findings of patients with AWE were and analyzed. RESULTS: Each of the 20 patients had a history of at least one prior cesarean section. The main presenting symptoms were pain (70%). Ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 95% and 45 % of the patients, respectively. One patient (5%) was investigated by 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography - computed tomography. The preoperative radiological diagnosis was correcting in 55 % of the cases. The mean diameter of the masses was 4.7 +/- 1.53 cm. Recurrence was found only in one patient during 36-month follow-up. DISCUSSION: Meticulous anamnesis, accurate clinical examination and proper imaging studies, are important guides for diagnosis. CONCLUSION: AWE should be kept in mind when pain or mass is detected on the abdominal wall of women who have cesarean section history