1,013 research outputs found

    Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding sexuality, sexual behaviors and contraceptives among college/university students in Karachi, Pakistan

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    OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexuality, high risk sexual behaviors and methods of contraception, among college/university students of Karachi, Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Higher Education Commission-recognized government and private colleges/universities in Karachi from 2005-2006. METHODOLOGY: Two colleges/universities were randomly selected from each category i.e. government medical, government non-medical and private medical and non-medical colleges/universities. Three stage cluster sampling was employed to draw a representative sample of students. A self administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding high risk sexual behaviors, methods of contraception and sources to obtain information about sexual issues. RESULTS: A total of 957 students were interviewed. They comprised 542 (56.6%) males and 415 (43.4%) females with mean age of 21 1.8 years. Bivariate analysis showed that students enrolled in medical colleges/universities were less likely to watch adult films (O.R. 0.7, CI; 0.5-0.9) to acquire sex related knowledge and go out on dates (O.R. 0.6, CI; 0.4- 0.8). Similarly, medical students were less likely to consider contraception as being against Islamic teachings (O.R. 0.7, CI; 0.5-0.9). CONCLUSION: The curricula of non-medical studies at undergraduate level should include education regarding sexual health and contraception

    Nutritional value of Pleurotus (Flabellatus) Djamor (R-22) cultivated on sawdusts of different woods

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    The sawdust of different woods were investigat ed for the cultivation of exotic strain of Pleurotus (flabellatus) djamor (R-22) to find out the efficiency of different nutrients including protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, dry matter and moisture. Among all type of nutrients, protein, fat, cr ude fiber, ash, dry matter and moisture of Pleurotus ostreatus on sawdust of different woods were observed. Protein was observed on cont rol treatment (cotton waste, kikar, mango, mixed sawdust, simbal and kail (21.89), (21.64), (21.34), (21.16), (21.03) and (20.75) % respectively. Fat was observed on control treatment (cotton waste, kikar, mango, mi xed sawdust, simbal and kail (0.80), (0.53), (0 .41), (0.33), (0.24) and (0.11)% respectively. Crude fiber was observed on control treatment (cotton waste, kikar, mango, mixed sawdust, simbal and kail (8.92), (8.45), (8.17), (7.96), (7.70) and (7.32) % respectively. Ash was observ ed on control treatment (cotton waste, kikar, mango, mixed sawdust, simbal and kail (7.65), (6.75), (6 .47), (6.39), (6.33) and (6.23%) respectively. Dry matter was observed on control treatment (cotton waste, kikar, mango, mixed sawdust, simbal and kail (6.47), (6.27), (6.13), (6.01), (5.87) and (5.67) % respectively. Moisture was observed on control treatment (c otton waste, kikar, mango, mixed sawdust, simbal and kail (84.55), (81.20), (79.85), (76.26), (74.35) and (71.14) % respectively. Oyster mushroom showed relatively more contents on control treatment cotton waste as compared to other substrates. The maximum protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, dry matter and moisture contents in Pleurotus (flabellatus) djamor (R-22) was obtained on Kikar sawdust .The lowest contents was obtained on kail sawdust

    Diversity of Brachyuran crabs in Gulf of Mannar (Southeast coast of India)

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    Coral reefs protect the coastline against waves and erosion and constitute one of the most diverse marine ecosystems in the World. Coral reefs provide Subsistence, security and cultural utility to the inhabitants of coastal areas in all the tropical nations. Nevertheless, reef degradation is Widespread, due to their manifold uses and importance to the people or developing countries. Therefore the lnternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources (IUCN) considers maintenance of reef fisheries as a global priority. Collection of data about the coral reef resources is the most basic information in a coral reef ecological study. Management could be done only on the basis of such informatio

    Influence of lunar phases on fish landings by gillnetters and trawlers

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    Observations made on new moon, full moon and during both quarters revealed variations in total catch as well as individual species catch in gillnetters and trawlers. Gillnet catches of sardines and mackerels showed a gradual increasing trend from new moon to full moon and then a decline towards the new moon whereas, barracuda and tuna catches exhibited an increasing trend from full moon to new moon. The catches of seerfish and sailfish were high during full moon to new moon quarter and were nominal during full moon. In trawl catches, during the first half of new moon and full moon days, Fenneropenaeus indicus and Penaeus semisulcatus were caught in large numbers and Fenneropenaeus merguiensis dominated the later half. Metapenaeus monoceros and Penaeus monodon were caught in lesser quantitie

    Coral : "The excellent bone graft material"

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    Man's first use of corals can be traced back almost to 25,000 years as evidenced through small beads of perforated red corals recovered from the burial sites in Europe. These were perhaps used as ornaments and possibility traded by early man

    Present status of coral reefs in Gulf of Mannar Islands

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    Coral reefs are the most diverse marine ecosystems in the world. Typically they contain number of specialised species representing almost all groups of marine animals. One of the reasons for the great diversity of life in coral reef is the diversified habitats they offer. The great number of holes and crevices in the reef provides abundant shelter for fishes and invertebrates. Coral reefs are also important nurseries and are thus a peculiar store house and repository of various animals

    Brachyuran crabs of Gulf of Mannar

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    Coral reef ecosystems are tropical, shallow water marine ecosystems, largely restricted to ttJe area between the latitudes 300N and 300S of equator. Even though, they occupy less than 0.2 % of the ocean floor, they contain perhaps 25% of the ocean's species (IUCN/UNEP, 1985). Thus the coral reef ecosystems are well known for their species richness and also complexity. It is quite remarkable that an environment with so small an area, has so much life and so many species and thus diversity. Typically they contain number of specialised species representing almost all the groups of marine animals

    Complete larval development of the hermit crabs Clibanarius aequabilis and Clibanarius erythropus (Decapoda : Anomura : Diogenidae), under laboratory conditions, with a revision of the larval features of genus Clibanarius

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    The complete larval development (four zoeae and one megalopa) of Clibanarius aequabilis and C. erythropus, reared under laboratory conditions, is described and illustrated. The larval stages of the two northeastern Atlantic Clibanarius species cannot be easily differentiated. Their morphological characters are compared with those of other known Clibanarius larvae. The genus Clibanarius is very homogeneous with respect to larval characters. All Clibanarius zoeae display a broad and blunt rostrum, smooth abdominal segments and an antennal scale without a terminal spine. Beyond the second zoeal stage, the fourth telson process is present as a fused spine, and the uropods are biramous. In the fourth larval stage all species display a mandibular palp. The Clibanarius megalopa presents weakly developed or no ocular scales, symmetrical chelipeds, apically curved corneous dactylus in the second and third pereiopods, and 5-11 setae on the posterior margin of the telson. Apart from the number of zoeal stages, Clibanarius species may be separated, beyond the second zoeal stage, by the telson formula and the morphology of the fourth telson process.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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