CMOS systems and circuits for sub-degree per hour MEMS gyroscopes

The objective of our research is to develop system architectures and CMOS circuits that interface with high-Q silicon microgyroscopes to implement navigation-grade angular rate sensors. The MEMS sensor used in this work is an in-plane bulk-micromachined mode-matched tuning fork gyroscope (M² – TFG ), fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrate. The use of CMOS transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) as front-ends in high-Q MEMS resonant sensors is explored. A T-network TIA is proposed as the front-end for resonant capacitive detection. The T-TIA provides on-chip transimpedance gains of 25MΩ, has a measured capacitive resolution of 0.02aF /√Hz at 15kHz, a dynamic range of 104dB in a bandwidth of 10Hz and consumes 400μW of power. A second contribution is the development of an automated scheme to adaptively bias the mechanical structure, such that the sensor is operated in the mode-matched condition. Mode-matching leverages the inherently high quality factors of the microgyroscope, resulting in significant improvement in the Brownian noise floor, electronic noise, sensitivity and bias drift of the microsensor. We developed a novel architecture that utilizes the often ignored residual quadrature error in a gyroscope to achieve and maintain perfect mode-matching (i.e.0Hz split between the drive and sense mode frequencies), as well as electronically control the sensor bandwidth. A CMOS implementation is developed that allows mode-matching of the drive and sense frequencies of a gyroscope at a fraction of the time taken by current state of-the-art techniques. Further, this mode-matching technique allows for maintaining a controlled separation between the drive and sense resonant frequencies, providing a means of increasing sensor bandwidth and dynamic range. The mode-matching CMOS IC, implemented in a 0.5μm 2P3M process, and control algorithm have been interfaced with a 60μm thick M2−TFG to implement an angular rate sensor with bias drift as low as 0.1°/hr ℃ the lowest recorded to date for a silicon MEMS gyro.Ph.D.Committee Chair: Farrokh Ayazi; Committee Member: Jennifer Michaels; Committee Member: Levent Degertekin; Committee Member: Paul Hasler; Committee Member: W. Marshall Leac

Technology for a Smarter Planet: The Role of Cognitive Technologies and Open Innovation.

Information technology is making the human race smarter by increasing its cognitive capacity through at least two drivers: Open Innovation and cognitive computing. Open innovation allows leveraging the wisdom of the crowds by bringing in more people into the fold through open innovation platforms, open source development and citizen science. In this sense, open innovation is enabling harnessing of the latent cognitive surplus of the human race. The dawn of the cognitive computing era on the other hand, is affording new uses of computers in organizational decision making. Specifically, IT is now enabling organizations to scan, interpret and learn from larger subsets of their informational environment hitherto considered inaccessible and un-interpretable by computers. As organizations and individuals gain this sixth sense of sorts, they can make better resource allocation decisions. In my dissertation, I study both these technology developments and their role in making organizations smarter and thus better generators of value. The underlying motivation is that better organizational decisions will allow better use of scarcer resources making the planet more sustainable. In chapter 2, a purposive theoretical framework for synthesizing the role of IT in organizational decision making is attempted. The proposed interpretive model of IT, also achieves a clear delineation between the programmable and cognitive computing eras. In chapter 3, the antecedents of predictive analytics usage within firms are explored through an empirical study. In chapter 4, an empirical study of the idea selection process within an open innovation funnel is undertaken to explore the question whether open innovation funnels prefer innovative ideas over conservative ideas.PhDBusiness AdministrationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113545/1/asharmaz_1.pd

Normative Study on Motor Fitness Test for University Boys

The purpose of the study was to construct a motor fitness test for identification and selection of talent at university level. Various test items were selected in the initial phase which was finally reduced to a four test item battery after scientific evaluation of the items selected. The study involved 258 college boys between the age group of 17-25years belonging to various colleges of Delhi NCR, India. Percentile norms were constructed for the evaluation of motor fitness level, which could be used as standard criteria for identification and selection of potential talent at the university level. Keywords: Motor fitness, physical fitness, motor abilities, university

Production of alkaline pectinase by bacteria (Cocci sps.) isolated from decomposing fruit materials

Bacterial production of commercial enzymes, including pectinase, has always been the industrial choice. Two decomposing fruit materials (apple and oranges) were enriched to isolate pectinase producing bacteria and were screened for their pectinolytic activity. The best producer (O1, i.e. Orange 1) was characterized as Cocci sp. and studied for pectinase activity. The culture conditions were optimized for maximum enzyme production by isolate O1 and was found to be 350C at an alkaline pH of 8.0 with 120 rpm agitation (supporting aerobic conditions) and 72 hours of incubation time and required surfactant for achieving maximum enzyme activity of 13.96 U/ml in crude enzyme extracts. The study provides a strong bacterial candidate for potential industrial production of pectinase

Breaking glass-ceiling for women using vertical ties

Large manufacturing factories rely heavily on referral for promoting workers to managerial roles. Since these roles require skills which are not directly observable to the management, supervisors invest costly (production time) resources to observe and make referrals. This practice creates barriers for historically disadvantaged groups as they are less likely to be observed for these qualities and hence are less likely to be referred. However, our theoretical model shows that ‘suitable’ workers from this disadvantaged group can engage in costly signalling and gain referrals. We test these predictions by incorporating elements from experimental methods to overcome data limitations in the context of Indian garment manufacturing factories. We find that women are less likely to be referred for high-valued managerial roles, however, equally likely for less-valuable promotions. Further, women with larger vertical networks are more likely to be referred. Our results are driven by the fact that signaling is costly for women (i.e., forging heterophilous informal vertical ties due to strict cross gender interaction norms) and only suitable women incur this cost. Our results are robust to consideration of other factors such as aspiration levels, other types of ties, out-of-factory networks, and supervisor’s characteristics. We conclude that women can break the ‘glass ceiling’ by having larger informal vertical networks. Further, management can provide protected formal avenues for cross-gender interactions as a step forward in addressing gender gaps at managerial levels in the short run

Visa Buy Later Pay Later

The present disclosure relates to an automated, secure and reliable payment platform that allows recurrent transactions. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to system and method for supporting recurring payments for retail and commercial purchases in a four party arrangement. The method comprises: initiating (S310) a Visa Schedule Program (VSP) for transactions based on the user’s schedule(s); providing (S320) the user 110 an ability to create, program, and cancel the schedule(s); and generating (S330) an intuitive program schedule 280, due to which the card is not stored as card on file at merchant location, preventing fraud

Machine Learning in Manufacturing: Review, Synthesis, and Theoretical Framework

There has been a paradigmatic shift in manufacturing as computing has transitioned from the programmable to the cognitive computing era. In this paper we present a theoretical framework for understanding this paradigmatic shift in manufacturing and the fast evolving role of artificial intelligence. Policy, Strategic and Operational implications are discussed. Implications for the future of strategy and operations in manufacturing are also discussed. Future research directions are presented

Conservation tillage and preceding rainy-season crops on root: shoot characteristics, productivity, profitability and nutrient uptake of succeeding mustard under semi-arid rainfed ecosystem

Conservation tillage practices are poplar, environmental friendly and economically feasible approaches to increase the productivity and resource-use efficiency of arid and semi-arid rainfed ecosystems. Rainfed field experiments were accomplished at IARI, Pusa, New Delhi in 2010-11 and 2011-12 to evaluate root: shoot growth, productivity, profitability and nutrient uptake in mustard under the various conservation tillage practices with preceding rainy- season crops; pearlmillet, clusterbean and greengram; and organic mulches, viz. no residues, crop residues and Leucaena twigs applied to both rainy- season crops and mustard grown with common recommended package of practices. Higher root length density (RLD), root surface area (RSA), root volume density (RVD), average root diameter (RD), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were recorded under clusterbean–mustard and greengram–mustard systems over the pearlmillet- mustard system. Interaction between crop residues and preceding rainy-season crops on growth parameters exerted significant variations, while yield attributes showed the mixed responses. Mustard seed yield was significantly higher (+51%) in 2010-11 (1.80 t ha-1) than that of 2011-12 (1.19 t ha-1). Economic analysis exhibited the highest returns and net returns/ Rs invested after clusterbean with Leucaena twigs mulching. The nutrient uptake followed the same trend as that of seed and stalk yield. It was concluded that growing mustard after clusterbean with Leucaena twigs mulching was high-yielding and profitable cropping system under conservation tilled semi-arid rainfed ecosystem