Bolton\u27s ratios and tooth-size discrepancies in a Nigerian population

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the Bolton\u27s ratios and tooth size discrepancies in a Nigerian population. Method: The Bolton tooth size analysis was performed on 54 dental casts of Nigerian subjects comprising 33 (61%) males and 21 (39%) females (mean 26.6 ± 2.1 years). The overall and anterior tooth size ratios were determined, and gender differences among the sample population was evaluated with t-test. The frequency and magnitude of deviation of theNigerian subjects outside 2 standard deviations from the Bolton\u27s mean was also determined. Result: The result revealed no statistically significant gender differences in interarch tooth size ratios (p> 0.05) and the measurement for both males and females were therefore combined.The overall ratio was 92.1% ± 2.35 and anterior ratio was 78.9% ± 2.64. The overall tooth size discrepancy was present in 9.3% and the 25.9% of the subjects had anterior tooth size discrepancy in relations to more than 2 standard deviations from the Bolton\u27s mean values. Conclusion: The study provided data on tooth size ratios among Nigerian subjects whose values were larger than Bolton\u27s data. This study re-emphasized the importance of developing standards for each population

Badoo cult violence in Ikorodu, Lagos state from 2015-2018: Costs and Response Assessment

This study assessed the social and economic costs of the activities of the “Badoo Cult” which constantly tormented parts of Ikorodu local government area of Lagos state, between 2015 and 2018, and appraised the responses of the Police and community members to the group. The study was guided by the broken window and frustration aggression theories. It utilized both quantitative and qualitative data respectively collected from 250 and 10 residents aged 18 years and above from five sampled communities. The study found that residents lived in fear and suffered social and economic loses because of the activities of the Badoo cult group. The paper underscores the importance of timely stakeholder intervention and collaboration in responding to future security challenges in the state and country. Keywords: Badoo cult, violence, insecurity, Lagos state, Nigeri

Relevance of Accounting Theory to Business Corporate Governance Performance in Nigeria

The study examined the relevance of accounting theory to business corporate governance performance in Nigeria. Company performance Panel data were used and the preliminary tests indicated the use of fixed effect model being appropriate for data analysis. Findings revealed that block ownership leads to increase in company performance while other variables are indifferent to company performance. This has implication to theory and practitioner as accounting profession has made valuable contributions toward ensuring good corporate governance in banking sector. It is recommended that future corporate governance codes should contain provision on board effectiveness and that the organization should be consistent with type of accounting theory adopted in preparation of the various accounting records since there is proportional relationship between accounting theory and corporate performance. Keywords: Accounting Theory, Corporate Business, Corporate Governance, Normative     Accounting Theory, Positive Accounting Theory, Large shareholders and Company Performance.

Malocclusion and occlusal traits among orthodontic patients seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trend of malocclusion and occlusal traits among orthodontic patients in Benin City. Method: One hundred and thirty one patients, consisting of 71 females (54.2%) and 60 males (45.8%) aged 5 - 44 years (mean 17.9 ± 7.5 years) who presented for orthodontic treatment at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Dental Centre were assessed for sagittal molar occlusion, overjet, overbite, crossbite, open bite, crowding, spacing, median diastema, midline shift, malformed and supernumerary teeth, displaced, unerupted and impacted teeth. Statistical gender differences in the occlusal traits were evaluated with the chi-square test. Result: The results revealed high prevalence of Angle\u27s class I malocclusion (71.8%), while 9.9% of the subjects had Angle\u27s Class II division 1, 7.6% had Angle\u27s Class II division 2 and 10.7% had Angle\u27s class III malocclusion. An increased overjet greater than 3.5mm was observed in 43% while increased overbite was observed in 25.2%. Anterior open bite was seen in 8.4% while 21.4% and 12.2% had anterior and posterior crossbites respectively. Midline shift was present in 29.8%, crowding of both upper and lower anterior segments was observed in 47.3%, spacing in the upper and lower anterior segments was present in 22.1%, and midline diastema was observed in 21.4%. No statistically significant gender differences were observed for any of the occlusal variables evaluated (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence of class I malocclusion, increased overjet and crowding among the orthodontic patients seen in Benin City, Nigeria

The Effect of Different Starter Cultures on the Protein Content in Fermented African Locust Bean (Parkia Biglobosa) Seeds

The quality of African locust bean seed fermented with three (3) different types of starter cultures were investigated. Freshly prepared Bacillus Subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the mixture of the two starter cultures were used for the fermentation Parkia biglobosa seeds for five (5) days (120 hours). The proximate composition, sensory evaluation and physiological properties of the starter culture aided and naturally fermented samples were determined. Sample fermented with Bacillus subtilis increased the protein composition from 32 % to 52 %, Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 39 %, the mixture of the 2 microorganisms to 35 % while 40 % was obtained in the naturally inoculated sample. Fat, moisture and ash contents also increased in the same trend. However there was a decrease in crude fibre composition and total % carbohydrate of the substrate during fermentation. Sensory evaluation carried out for all the samples indicated that the use of bacillus subtilis as starter culture for the production of ‘Iru’ gave more acceptable products in all the tested parameters. However, products from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the mixture were rated least

Optimum Fermentation Temperature for the Protein Yield of Parkia biglobosa Seeds (Iyere)

African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds were fermented with the aid of a starter culture - Bacillus subtilis to a vegetable protein based food condiment known as ‘Iru’ at various temperatures between 40 °С and 70 °С. Fermentation was carried out for five days (120 hours). The maximum % protein content yield of 52.7 % was obtained after 3 days (72 hours) at an optimum fermentation temperature of 40 ⁰C. Other parameters like % crude fibre, % ash content, % carbohydrate and % fat content decreased with fermentation temperature and duration. The physiological test carried out showed that fermented sample at the optimized condition were generally acceptable for all parameters tested. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) result shows the effect of temperature on the morphological structure of both fermented and unfermented sample

Pattern and outcome of diabetic admissions at a federal medical center: A 5-year review

Background: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide, with the major increases expected to occur in developing countries. It has been observed that the pattern of hospital admissions can be used to determine the effectiveness of outpatient care of DM. Objective: This study was aimed to examine diabetes-related admissions to medical wards of a federal medical center in Ekiti, Nigeria. Such data would be useful to determine the burden on health care system and in the planning of appropriate management strategies. Methods: A 5-year retrospective analysis of diabetes-related admissions to the medical wards of Federal Medical Centre, Ido Ekiti, Ekiti State, between 2003 and 2007 was carried out using medical records of the patients. SPSS 13 software was used to analyze data. Results: Of the total 2,696 medical admissions, 118 (4.4%) were diabetes related. The mean age of these patients was 57 \ub1 16.2 years. Majority (37.29%) of the patients were admitted for diabetic foot ulcer. Other major reasons for admission were severe hypertension (13.56%), uncontrolled hyperglycemia (13.56%), hyperglycemic emergencies (11.86%) and stroke (10.17%). Duration of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 107 days, with a mean duration of 17.5 \ub1 9.2 days. Mean duration of hospital stay was the longest (25.3 \ub1 23.9 days) for those admitted for diabetic foot ulcer. Most (74.6%) of the patients were discharged and only 4 (3.4%) died. Majority of those who left against medical advice were admitted for diabetic foot ulcer. Conclusion: There is a need to emphasize foot care as one of the cardinal features of optimal diabetes care. Establishing clinics specializing in treating diabetes and having facilities for treatment of all aspects of diabetes, including diabetic complications, will help in providing better patient care and in minimizing hospital admissions