Demographical & Geographical Prevalence of Balaroga and Their Preventive Approaches as per Ayurveda

Children are the assets who play an important role in the development of a country. Starting phase of their life is the most crucial period as it is the base of their physical, mental and behavioral development. According to Indian demographic profile 26.98% of the population is of children between 0-14 years. India is having high mortality rate of children less than 5 years of age. Most of the death in the Balyavastha occurs due to the Aptarpanjanya Vyadhi (malnutrition). According to the WHO, worldwide the leading causes of death among children under five years of age are acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, congenital anomalies, infectious diseases etc. Ayurveda has described many Balaroga and their Chikitsa under the Kaumarbhritya branch

Ayurveda Descriptions of Garavisha, Dooshivisha and Viruddhahara their Pathological Manifestations and Management

Visha is considered something that causes harm to all human being, the invasion of Visha in human body leads pathological manifestation. The Visha also becomes causes of death in some conditions if not treated properly. Ayurveda described various concept related to the Visha including Dushi visha, Gara visha and Viruddhahara. Dushi visha represents damaged and spoiled poison. The term Dushi itself means attenuated and denatured. These poison (Dushi visha) acts as latent toxin or exhibited cumulative toxicity inside the body. Similarly use of powder of insects can act as Gara Visha, the hazardous chemicals and incompatible diet also described as toxins in various medical texts. These all toxins lead acute or chronic illness in the body and Ayurveda mentioned several therapeutic modalities for treating pathological manifestations of Visha

Osteoarthritis: insights into pathogenesis and futuristic treatment strategies

Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal condition world over that causes significant health, economic, and societal burdens. Till date, no therapeutic approaches have been able to stop or delay the progression of osteoarthritis satisfactorily. Structural and clinical features of the disease are characterized by a high inter-patient variability. This heterogeneity is believed to be a major factor associated with the complexity of osteoarthritis and the on-going difficulty to identify a single therapy for all sub-groups. The objective of this review is to highlight recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and latest biological treatments available, their limitations and to bring to notice the latest state-of-the-art on-going research on novel therapies. For this study we searched different online databases such as PubMed and Cochrane Library from inception to January 2022. We identified eligible studies on the pathophysiologic findings, prevalence, or incidence of knee osteoarthritis, available treatments, and current research for future therapies. Besides the availability of vast literature on cartilage extracellular matrix and its changes in osteoarthritis, the complicated mechanism of the disease still has missing links in the chain. Presently, biological treatments such as platelet rich plasma, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and autologous fragmented adipose tissue containing structural vascular fraction are commonly used. In future, gene therapy could become a potential option for treating the disease. More extensive insights into the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis will be helpful in designing therapies that can curb structural progression and promote cartilage regeneration thus providing more potent relief from painful and disabling condition associated with osteoarthritis

Domestic violence against women: a crossectional study in rural area of Amravati district of Maharashtra, India

Background: Domestic violence against women is a matter of serious public health concern in most of the communities and culture. In India, the problem has been highlighted after legislation against domestic violence in 2005, popularly known as the protection of women from domestic violence act. Main objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of domestic violence against women, to study the sociodemographic factors in females suffering from domestic violence and to identify causes of domestic violence in them.Methods: A crossectional study was carried in the field practice area of rural health training centre of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Memorial Medical College, Nerpinglai in Amravati district of Maharashtra state for a period of 3 months. Simple random sampling method was used for the selection of samples. The study participants were interviewed using a predesigned pretested questionnaire. Proportion, Chi square test were calculated for the analysis of the study.Results: Out of 400 study participants interviewed, 161 (40.25%) reported some type of violence i.e. either in the form of physical, emotional or sexual violence in their life time or in recent past. The most common type of violence reported was physical violence. The most common cause of domestic violence reported in our study was financial problems followed by influence under alcohol.  Conclusions: The prevalence of domestic violence was 40.25% which is still high and necessary measures should be taken to strengthen the laws for women and to empower them

Complications and clinical outcome of hepatic artery embolisation in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

BACKGROUND: Hepatic artery embolisation (HAE) in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is controversial because of the associated complications and unproven long-term benefit. We present our results in 20 such patients over a time span of 17 years. METHODS: Staged HAE was performed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles and coils. Complications, clinical symptoms and cardiac output were assessed before and after therapy as well as at the end of follow-up (median 92 months, range 26–208 months). RESULTS: Two patients died within 30 days following HAE (10 %). Four further deaths resulted from causes unrelated to HAE. Ischaemic cholangitis, cholecystitis and focal hepatic necrosis with biliary sepsis necessitated re-intervention in four patients. In all but one patient, clinical symptoms resolved with mean cardiac output falling from 11.84 ± 3.22 l/min pre-treatment to 8.13 ± 2.67 l/min at the end of follow-up (P < 0.001). One patient required liver transplantation for de novo symptoms of portal hypertension 4 years after primary symptoms had been cured by HAE. CONCLUSION: The 30-day mortality of HAE in patients with HHT is 10 %. The rate of complications requiring re-intervention is 20 %. Clinical response at long-term follow-up is satisfactory. KEY POINTS: • Hepatic artery embolisation (HAE) in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) provides long-term benefit. • Mortalities of HAE and liver transplantation in HHT patients are comparable. • In HHT, complications of HAE are lower than those of liver transplantation. • Complications of HAE can be further reduced by refinement of technique. • Complications include ischaemic cholangitis, hepatic necrosis, biliary sepsis and death

Urbanization and Green Spaces—A Study on Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University

Global warming is amongst the most alarming problems of the new era. Carbon emission is evidently the strongest fundamental factor for global warming. So increasing carbon emission is one of today’s major concerns, which is well addressed in the Kyoto Protocol. Trees are amongst the most significant elements of any landscape, because of both biomass and diversity, and their key role in ecosystem dynamics is well known. Trees absorb the atmospheric carbon dioxide and act as a carbon sink, since 50 % of biomass is carbon itself and the importance of carbon sequestration in forest areas is already accepted, and well documented. With this background, a carbon sequestration potential study was carried out in Jnana Bharathi campus, Bangalore University using the Quadrat method. The total geographical area is about 449.74 ha with a rich vegetation sector and the total amount of both above ground carbon (AGC) and below ground carbon (BGC) was estimated as an average of 54.8 t/ha. The total amount of carbon dioxide assimilated into the vegetation in terms of both above ground and below ground biomass was estimated as an average of 200.9 t/ha. Urbanization and habitat fragmentation seem to be increasing worldwide, substantiated by a case study in Bangalore City. The analysis revealed that increase in built-up area at the city level was by about 164.62 km2, while the vegetation and water bodies decreased by about 285.72 and 7.2 km2 respectively. However, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi campus attains a good vegetation cover and is seen as one of the ‘green lungs’ of Bangalore city

Location, location, location: utilizing pipelines and services to more effectively georeference the world's biodiversity data

Abstract Background Increasing the quantity and quality of data is a key goal of biodiversity informatics, leading to increased fitness for use in scientific research and beyond. This goal is impeded by a legacy of geographic locality descriptions associated with biodiversity records that are often heterogeneous and not in a map-ready format. The biodiversity informatics community has developed best practices and tools that provide the means to do retrospective georeferencing (e.g., the BioGeomancer toolkit), a process that converts heterogeneous descriptions into geographic coordinates and a measurement of spatial uncertainty. Even with these methods and tools, data publishers are faced with the immensely time-consuming task of vetting georeferenced localities. Furthermore, it is likely that overlap in georeferencing effort is occurring across data publishers. Solutions are needed that help publishers more effectively georeference their records, verify their quality, and eliminate the duplication of effort across publishers. Results We have developed a tool called BioGeoBIF, which incorporates the high throughput and standardized georeferencing methods of BioGeomancer into a beginning-to-end workflow. Custodians who publish their data to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) can use this system to improve the quantity and quality of their georeferences. BioGeoBIF harvests records directly from the publishers' access points, georeferences the records using the BioGeomancer web-service, and makes results available to data managers for inclusion at the source. Using a web-based, password-protected, group management system for each data publisher, we leave data ownership, management, and vetting responsibilities with the managers and collaborators of each data set. We also minimize the georeferencing task, by combining and storing unique textual localities from all registered data access points, and dynamically linking that information to the password protected record information for each publisher. Conclusion We have developed one of the first examples of services that can help create higher quality data for publishers mediated through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and its data portal. This service is one step towards solving many problems of data quality in the growing field of biodiversity informatics. We envision future improvements to our service that include faster results returns and inclusion of more georeferencing engines

Surface Integrity of AISI 52100 Steel during Hard Turning in Different Near-Dry Environments

AISI 52100 hardened bearing steel is popular in many industrial applications due to its excellent wear resistance and high strength. Therefore, a high level of surface integrity of the same is the utmost important requirement to enhance fatigue life. Machining of hardened AISI 52100 steel is difficult because severe plastic deformation and generation of high temperature alter the surface metallurgy of the machined component and hamper the tool life. The present investigation includes a comparative analysis of surface integrity of AISI 52100 bearing steel during hard turning under different near-dry environments, namely, dry, Minimum Quantity Cooling and Lubrication (MQCL), Compressed Chilled Air by Vortex Tube (CCAVT), and Hybrid Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Cooling and Lubrication (Hybrid NF-MQCL). Soyabean (a vegetable) oil is used as cutting fluid in MQCL and base fluid in Hybrid NF-MQCL environments. To prepare hybrid nanofluid, two different nanoparticles Al2O3 and MWCNT, are used. The chilled air is generated through a vortex tube. The surface integrity of AISI 52100 steel was studied in terms of microhardness, the thickness of the white layer, surface roughness (Ra), and residual stresses. Higher cutting speed and feed show positive and negative correlation on surface integrity of AISI 52100 steel, respectively. Hybrid nanofluid MQCL exhibits the lowest surface roughness (0.34 μm), microhardness (625 Hv0.1), compressive residual stresses (−168 MPa), and thin white layer (0.9 μm) in contrast, and dry machining shows higher surface roughness, microhardness, tensile residual stress, and thick white layer. In comparison, MQCL and CCAVT are found to be intermediate. It is found that hybrid nanofluid MQCL enhances the overall performance of the machined surface as compared to other near-dry techniques