MicroRNA-Mediated Responses to Chromium Stress Provide Insight Into Tolerance Characteristics of Miscanthus sinensis

Chromium (Cr) is a heavy metal in nature, which poses a potential risk to toxicity to both animals and plants when releasing into the environment. However, the regulation of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated response to heavy metal Cr has not been studied in Miscanthus sinensis. In this study, based on high-throughput miRNA sequencing, a total of 104 conserved miRNAs and 158 nonconserved miRNAs were identified. Among them, there were 45 differentially expressed miRNAs in roots and 13 differentially expressed miRNAs in leaves. The hierarchical clustering analysis showed that these miRNAs were preferentially expressed in a certain tissue. There were 833 differentially expressed target genes of 45 miRNAs in roots and 280 differentially expressed target genes of 13 miRNA in leaves. After expression trend analysis, five significantly enriched modules were obtained in roots, and three significantly enriched trend blocks in leaves. Based on the candidate gene annotation and gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) function analysis, miR167a, novel_miR15, and novel_miR22 and their targets were potentially involved in Cr transportation and chelation. Besides, miR156a, miR164, miR396d, and novel_miR155 were identified as participating in the physiological and biochemical metabolisms and the detoxification of Cr of plants. The results demonstrated the critical role of miRNA-mediated responses to Cr treatment in M. sinensis, which involves ion uptake, transport, accumulation, and tolerance characteristics

A Detection Method With Antiinterference for Infrared Maritime Small Target

In this article, a novel infrared maritime small target detection method, called local dissimilarity measure with anti-interference based on global graph clustering (LDMGGC), is proposed. The Wasserstein distance is introduced to calculate the dissimilarity of gray level distribution between a central region and its neighborhoods. These dissimilarities construct the feature of a region. With this feature, detection for recalling all suspected targets is achieved. As the maritime interferences among suspected targets are able to be clustered, relaxing mutual k nearest neighbor graph is introduced in global graph clustering for filtering interferences. With this method, real targets are detected and maritime interferences are filtered out. Experiments are conducted on three maritime datasets and a nonmaritime dataset for comparison. On three datasets, the proposed method achieves the best Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and Area Under Curve (0.99529, 0.99945, 0.99573, and 0.9906) values, meaning that the proposed method has high detection probability and low false-alarm ratio. Target Hit Rate (98.04%, 97.96%, 100%, and 99.24%) and Intersection of Union (0.8170, 0.7542, 0.5824, 0.7707) on four datasets of the proposed method show it has a strong ability to suppress the interferences

Composition and characteristics of soil microbial communities in cotton fields with different incidences of Verticillium wilt

Soil microorganisms could affect the growth of plants and play an important role in indicating the change of soil environment. Cotton Verticillium wilt is a serious soil borne disease. This study aimed to analyze the community characteristics of soil microorganisms in cotton fields with different incidences of Verticillium wilt, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of soil borne diseases of cotton. Through the analysis of soil microbial communities in six fields, the results showed that there was no difference in fungal and bacterial alpha-diversity index before cotton planting, while there were differences in rhizosphere of diseased plants. For fungal beta diversity indexes, there were significant differences in these six fields. There was no significant difference for bacterial beta diversity indexes before cotton planting, while there was a certain difference in the rhizosphere of diseased cotton plants. The composition of fungi and bacteria in different fields was roughly the same at the genus level, but the abundances of the same genus varied greatly between different fields. Before cotton planting, there were 61 fungi (genera) and 126 bacteria (genera) with different abundances in the six fields. Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Burkholderia had higher abundances in the fields with less incidence. This study will provide a theoretical basis for microbial control of Cotton Verticillium wilt

Interaction of La(0.8)Sr(0.2)MnO(3) interlayer with Gd(0.1)Ce(0.9)O(1.95) electrolyte membrane and Ba(0.5)Sr(0.5)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-delta) cathode in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with a La(0.8)Sr(0.2)MnO(3) (LSM) interlayer between the Ce(0.9)Gd(0.1)O(1.95) (GDC) electrolyte membrane (20 mu m) and the Ba(0.5)Sr(0.5)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3) (BSCF)-GDC composite cathode are fabricated by sintering the BSCF-GDC composite cathodes at 900,950 and 1000 degrees C. The results of scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX) fora model LSM/BSCF bi-layer pellet suggest that Ba, Co and Fe in BSCF as well as La and Mn in LSM have diffused into their counter sides. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results on the simulated cells also indicate the incorporation of La into the CDC electrolyte membrane and the mutual diffusion of elements between the LSM layer and the BSCF layer. Analysis of the impedance spectra and interfacial reaction activation energies shows that LSM interlayer accelerates the oxygen reduction. Considering a good cell performance and the highest open-circuit voltages (OCVs) at 600-500 degrees C, the optimum sintering temperature of BSCF-GDC composite cathode onto LSM interlayer is 900 degrees C. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment

Lactate is an end product of glycolysis. Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s, increasing researchers indicate lactate as a critical energy source for mitochondrial respiration and as a precursor of gluconeogenesis. Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells, resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis, immune regulation, and anti-inflammation wound healing, and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome. Furthermore, increasing evidence reveals that lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones, which accounts for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we summarize the function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment

Map of 18 CPS loci.

<p>The same color module in different strains means that the sequences in this region are similar. Blank regions indicate a unique region in a sequence. The name of the sequences is made up of the strain ID and serotype. The comparison was made using Mauve 2.4.0 software.</p