38 research outputs found
Finite Temperature Time-Dependent Effective Theory For The Goldstone Field In A BCS-Type Superfluid
We extend to finite temperature the time-dependent effective theory for the
Goldstone field (the phase of the pair field) which is appropriate
for a superfluid containing one species of fermions with s-wave interactions,
described by the BCS Lagrangian. We show that, when Landau damping is
neglected, the effective theory can be written as a local time-dependent
non-linear Schr\"{o}dinger Lagrangian (TDNLSL) which preserves the Galilean
invariance of the zero temperature effective theory and is identified with the
superfluid component. We then calculate the relevant Landau terms which are
non-local and which destroy the Galilean invariance. We show that the retarded
-propagator (in momentum space) can be well represented by two poles in
the lower-half frequency plane, describing damping with a predicted
temperature, frequency and momentum dependence. It is argued that the real
parts of the Landau terms can be approximately interpreted as contributing to
the normal fluid component.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures, references added, Introduction rewritte
The scientific heritage of Richard Henry Dalitz, FRS (1925-2006)
Professor Richard H. Dalitz passed away on January 13, 2006. He was almost 81
years old and his outstanding contributions are intimately connected to some of
the major breakthroughs of the 20th century in particle and nuclear physics.
These outstanding contributions go beyond the Dalitz Plot, Dalitz Pair and CDD
poles that bear his name. He pioneered the theoretical study of strange baryon
resonances, of baryon spectroscopy in the quark model, and of hypernuclei, to
all of which he made lasting contributions. His formulation of the
" puzzle" led to the discovery that parity is not a symmetry of
the weak interactions. A brief scientific evaluation of Dalitz's major
contributions to particle and nuclear physics is hereby presented, followed by
the first comprehensive list of his scientific publications, as assembled from
several sources. The list is divided into two categories: the first, main part
comprises Dalitz's research papers and reviews, including topics in the history
of particle physics, biographies and reminiscences; the second part lists book
reviews, public lectures and obituaries authored by Dalitz, and books edited by
him. This provides the first necessary step towards a more systematic research
of the Dalitz heritage in modern physics.
The present 2016 edition updates the original 2006 edition, published in
Nucl. Phys. A 771 (2006) 2-7, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.03.007, and 8-25,
doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.03.008, by including for the first time a dozen or
so of publications, found recently in a list submitted to the Royal Society by
Dalitz in 2004, that escaped our attention in the original version.Comment: updates the original edition by including several publications,
mostly in category III, that were unknown to us in 200
Understanding Heisenberg's 'Magical' Paper of July 1925: a New Look at the Calculational Details
In July 1925 Heisenberg published a paper [Z. Phys. 33, 879-893 (1925)] which
ended the period of `the Old Quantum Theory' and ushered in the new era of
Quantum Mechanics. This epoch-making paper is generally regarded as being
difficult to follow, perhaps partly because Heisenberg provided few clues as to
how he arrived at the results which he reported. Here we give details of
calculations of the type which, we suggest, Heisenberg may have performed. We
take as a specific example one of the anharmonic oscillator problems considered
by Heisenberg, and use our reconstruction of his approach to solve it up to
second order in perturbation theory. We emphasize that the results are
precisely those obtained in standard quantum mechanics, and suggest that some
discussion of the approach - based on the direct computation of transition
amplitudes - could usefully be included in undergraduate courses in quantum
mechanics.Comment: 24 pages, no figures, Latex, submitted to Am. J. Phy
Gauge Theories in Particle Physics: A Practical Introduction, Volume 2: Non-Abelian Gauge Theories
Volume 2 of this revised and updated edition provides an accessible and practical introduction to the two non-Abelian quantum gauge field theories of the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg (GSW) electroweak theory.This volume covers much of the experimental progress made in the last ten
Gauge Theories in Particle Physics: A Practical Introduction, Volume 1
Volume 1 of this revised and updated edition provides an accessible and practical introduction to the first gauge theory included in the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum electrodynamics (QED).The book includes self-contained presentations of electromagnetism as a gauge theory as well as relativistic quantum mechanics. It provides a uniq
Effective Lagrangians for BCS Superconductors at T=0
We show that the low frequency, long wavelength dynamics of the phase of the
pair field for a BCS-type s-wave superconductor at T=0 is equivalent to that of
a time-dependent non-linear Schr\"odinger Lagrangian (TDNLSL), when terms
required by Galilean invariance are included. If the modulus of the pair field
is also allowed to vary, the system is equivalent to two coupled TDNLSL's.
We also refer the interested reader to our earlier paper, `Nonlinear
Schrodinger equation for superconductors' [cond-mat/9312099], for a different
line of derivationComment: Latex, 13 page
Phase fluctuations in superconductors: from Galilean invariant to quantum XY models
We analyze the corrections to the superfluid density due to phase
fluctuations within both a continuum and a lattice model for - and d-wave
superconductors. We expand the phase-only action beyond the Gaussian level and
compare our results with the quantum XY model both in the quantum and in the
classical regime. We find new dynamic anharmonic vertices, absent in the
quantum XY model, which are responsible for the vanishing of the correction to
the superfluid density at zero temperature in a continuum (Galilean invariant)
model. Moreover the phase-fluctuation effects are reduced with respect to the
XY model by a factor at least of order .Comment: 4 pages; shorter version, accepted for publication on Phys. Rev. B
Rapid Com
Effective action for Superconductors and BCS-Bose crossover
A standard perturbative expansion around the mean-field solution is used to
derive the low-energy effective action for superconductors at T=0. Taking into
account the density fluctuations at the outset we get the effective action
where the density is the conjugated momentum to the phase of
the order parameter. In the hydrodynamic regime, the dynamics of the
superconductor is described by a time dependent non-linear Schr\"odinger
equation (TDNLS) for the field . The
evolution of the density fluctuations in the crossover from weak-coupling (BCS)
to strong-coupling (Bose condensation of localized pairs) superconductivity is
discussed for the attractive Hubbard model. In the bosonic limit, the TDNLS
equation reduces to the the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the order parameter,
as in the standard description of superfluidity. The conditions under which a
phase-only action can be derived in the presence of a long-range interaction to
describe the physics of the superconductivity of ``bad metals'' are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, accepted for publication on Phys. Rev.