Effet du type de pâturage sur la qualité de la viande des agneaux élevés en mode biologique

La réglementation de l’élevage ovin en mode biologique (MB) limite l’incorporation du concentré à un maximum de 40% avec un accès obligatoire au parcours. En Tunisie, la viande d’agneau de race Barbarine élevé sur parcours est reconnue par une meilleure qualité nutritionnelle (MajdoubMathlouthi et al., 2010). Néanmoins, la qualité du parcours est très dépendante de la pluviométrie, et il parait bien impératif de trouver d’autres types de pâturage pour réussir l’élevage en MB. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la qualité de la viande d’agneaux élevés sur deux types de pâturage: le parcours naturel et une prairie d’orge en vert

Pratiques de l’automédication à l’ère de la pandémie COVID-19 dans trois villes de l’Ouest algérien [Practices of self-medication in the COVID-19 pandemic era in three cities of Western Algeria]

French Abstract:  Introduction- Face à la pandémie COVID-19, et en absence d’un traitement efficace et sûr, de nombreux médicaments étaient utilisés sans avis médical. La présente étude a eu pour objectif d’évaluer les pratiques de dispensation des médicaments sans ordonnance dans trois villes de l’Ouest algérien. Matériels et méthodes- L’étude a été réalisée durant la pandémie du 01 Janvier 2022 au 31 Mars 2022 au moyen d’un questionnaire distribué aux pharmaciens d’officines exer­çant à Tiaret, Sidi Bel-Abbès et El-Bayadh. Le critère de jugement principal était l’éva­luation des pratiques d’automédication. La saisie, l’analyse statistique des données et l’édition des résultats ont été réalisées par le logiciel SPSS version 20. Résultats- Au total, 90 officines ont participé à l’étude. La majorité du personnel d’offi­cine (98,89%) a perçu que la pandémie a amplifié l’automédication.Les différents symp­tômes de la COVID-19 étaient la cause principale (44,53 %) de la tendance à cette pra­tique. Le paracétamol était le plus consommé (83,67 %), suivi de l’azithromycine (36,73 %), la prednisolone (31,10 %), l’amoxicilline/acide clavulanique (30,53 %), le zinc (27,38 %), la vitamine C (27,08%), la vitamine D (16,31%), le magnésium(12,92%) et même l’hy­droxychloroquine (25,56%). Conclusion-Un abus et un mésusage de plusieurs médicaments ont été constaté, des ef­forts doivent être entrepris afin d’atténuer les risques de l’automédication en impliquant activement les pharmaciens dans l’éducation thérapeutique du patient. English Abstract: Introduction-Faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the absence of an effective andsafe treatment,many drugs were used without medical advice.This study aimed to evaluate the­practices of dispensing non-prescription drugs in three cities in western Algeria. Materials and methods- The study was carried out during the pandemic from January 01st, 2022 to March 31st, 2022 using a questionnaire distributed to community pharmacists prac­ticing in Tiaret, Sidi Bel-Abbes and El-Bayadh. The main endpoint was the evaluation of­self-medication practices. Data entry, statistical analysis and editing of results were perfor­med using SPSS software version 20. Results- In total, 90 pharmacies participated in the study, the majority of pharmacy staff (98.89%) having perceived that the pandemic amplified self-medication, the various symp­tomsof COVID-19 were the main cause (44.53%) of the tendency to this practice. Parace­tamol (83.67%) was the most consumed, followed by azithromycin (36.73%), prednisolone (31.10%),amoxicillin_clavulanic acid (30.53%), zinc (27.38%), vitamin C (27.08 %), vitamin D(16.31%), magnesium(12.92%),and even hydroxychloroquine(25.56%). Conclusion- Abuse and misuse of several drugs have been observed, efforts must be made to reduce the risk of self-medication by actively involving pharmacists in therapeutic patient education

Pratiques de l’automédication à l’ère de la pandémie COVID-19 dans trois villes de l’Ouest algérien [Practices of self-medication in the COVID-19 pandemic era in three cities of Western Algeria]

French Abstract:  Introduction- Face à la pandémie COVID-19, et en absence d’un traitement efficace et sûr, de nombreux médicaments étaient utilisés sans avis médical. La présente étude a eu pour objectif d’évaluer les pratiques de dispensation des médicaments sans ordonnance dans trois villes de l’Ouest algérien. Matériels et méthodes- L’étude a été réalisée durant la pandémie du 01 Janvier 2022 au 31 Mars 2022 au moyen d’un questionnaire distribué aux pharmaciens d’officines exer­çant à Tiaret, Sidi Bel-Abbès et El-Bayadh. Le critère de jugement principal était l’éva­luation des pratiques d’automédication. La saisie, l’analyse statistique des données et l’édition des résultats ont été réalisées par le logiciel SPSS version 20. Résultats- Au total, 90 officines ont participé à l’étude. La majorité du personnel d’offi­cine (98,89%) a perçu que la pandémie a amplifié l’automédication.Les différents symp­tômes de la COVID-19 étaient la cause principale (44,53 %) de la tendance à cette pra­tique. Le paracétamol était le plus consommé (83,67 %), suivi de l’azithromycine (36,73 %), la prednisolone (31,10 %), l’amoxicilline/acide clavulanique (30,53 %), le zinc (27,38 %), la vitamine C (27,08%), la vitamine D (16,31%), le magnésium(12,92%) et même l’hy­droxychloroquine (25,56%). Conclusion-Un abus et un mésusage de plusieurs médicaments ont été constaté, des ef­forts doivent être entrepris afin d’atténuer les risques de l’automédication en impliquant activement les pharmaciens dans l’éducation thérapeutique du patient. English Abstract: Introduction-Faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the absence of an effective andsafe treatment,many drugs were used without medical advice.This study aimed to evaluate the­practices of dispensing non-prescription drugs in three cities in western Algeria. Materials and methods- The study was carried out during the pandemic from January 01st, 2022 to March 31st, 2022 using a questionnaire distributed to community pharmacists prac­ticing in Tiaret, Sidi Bel-Abbes and El-Bayadh. The main endpoint was the evaluation of­self-medication practices. Data entry, statistical analysis and editing of results were perfor­med using SPSS software version 20. Results- In total, 90 pharmacies participated in the study, the majority of pharmacy staff (98.89%) having perceived that the pandemic amplified self-medication, the various symp­tomsof COVID-19 were the main cause (44.53%) of the tendency to this practice. Parace­tamol (83.67%) was the most consumed, followed by azithromycin (36.73%), prednisolone (31.10%),amoxicillin_clavulanic acid (30.53%), zinc (27.38%), vitamin C (27.08 %), vitamin D(16.31%), magnesium(12.92%),and even hydroxychloroquine(25.56%). Conclusion- Abuse and misuse of several drugs have been observed, efforts must be made to reduce the risk of self-medication by actively involving pharmacists in therapeutic patient education

Variability in Responses to Phoma medicaginis Infection in a Tunisian Collection of Three Annual Medicago Species

Spring black stem and leaf spot, caused by Phoma medicaginis, is an issue in annual Medicago species. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the response to P. medicaginis infection in a collection of 46 lines of three annual Medicago species (M. truncatula, M. ciliaris, and M. polymorpha) showing different geographic distribution in Tunisia. The reaction in the host to the disease is explained by the effects based on plant species, lines nested within species, treatment, the interaction of species × treatment, and the interaction of lines nested within species × treatment. Medicago ciliaris was the least affected for aerial growth under infection. Furthermore, the largest variation within species was found for M. truncatula under both conditions. Principal component analysis and hierarchical classification showed that M. ciliaris lines formed a separate group under control treatment and P. medicaginis infection and they are the most vigorous in growth. These results indicate that M. ciliaris is the least susceptible in response to P. medicaginis infection among the three Medicago species investigated here, which can be used as a good candidate in crop rotation to reduce disease pressure in the field and as a source of P. medicaginis resistance for the improvement of forage legumes

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication

Communicating efficiently with a culturally diverse audience

This presentation sets the scene and provides a casestudy at the Workshop Communicating with ethnic groups at the EuroPCom 2012 Conference, hosted by the EU Commitee of the Regions and the European Parliament in Brussels.status: publishe

MAP SERVER FOR VISUALIZING AIR TRAFFIC BASED ON DATA FROM A REMOTE PSEUDO RADAR

In order to ensure the safety of aircraft operating in airspace, air traffic controllers apply a number of rules recommended by the ICAO, known as "separation rules". Previously using essentially the calculation of the estimates, they are based today on the visualization of the traffic through Air Traffic Management Systems. Traffic data comes from several sources. These include radar data from Air Traffic Control Radars. The objective of this work is to simulate, using a web map server, the evolution of air traffic: positions and flight levels of aircraft over time based on radar data. For this we use three parts. The first part, the pseudo radar, is a remote radar data server that, depending on the time, sends the data to the map server that is the second part. The latter receives this data and combines it with other geographical and cartographic data and sends them in turn to the client via the web server. The client, a simple interface finally displays the positions of aircraft on screen

Adherence of North-African Pulmonologists to the 2017-Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Pharmacological Treatment Guidelines (PTGs) of Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Background. No previous study has investigated the adherence rate of North-African pulmonologists to the 2017-GOLD PTGs. Aims. To investigate the adherence rate of Tunisian pulmonologists to the 2017-GOLD PTGs and to identify the barriers to their adherence. Methods. This was a cohort study involving clinically stable COPD patients who presented to a pulmonology outpatient consultation. The patients were classified as having been appropriately and inappropriately (over- or undertreatment) treated for the GOLD group. Logistic regression was performed to determine the adherence barriers to the 2017-GOLD PTGs. Results. A total of 296 patients were included (88.1% males, mean age: 68±10 years; GOLD A (7.1%), B (36.1%), C (4.1%), and D (52.7%)). The pulmonologists’ adherence rate to the 2017-GOLD PTGs was 29.7%. There was a significant statistical difference between the adherence rates among the four GOLD groups (A: 19.0%, B: 20.6%, C: 8.3%, and D: 39.1%; p=0.001). Differences were statistically significant between the GOLD group D and groups B (p=0.001) and C (p=0.033). The multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio (OR): 0.968), socioeconomic level (high/medium vs. low; OR: 2.950), insurance type (national health insurance vs. others; OR: 2.851), and GOLD groups (A/B vs. C/D; OR: 3.009) significantly influenced the adherence rate to the 2017-GOLD PTGs. Conclusion. The adherence rate of Tunisian pulmonologists to the 2017-GOLD PTGs is low. It seems that the patients’ age, socioeconomic level, national health insurance coverage, and GOLD groups influenced their adherence