TRPC1 participates in the HSV-1 infection process by facilitating viral entry

Mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are major components of Ca2+ signaling pathways and control a diversity of physiological functions. Here, we report a specific role for TRPC1 in the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) into cells. HSV-1-induced Ca2+ release and entry were dependent on Orai1, STIM1, and TRPC1. Inhibition of Ca2+ entry or knockdown of these proteins attenuated viral entry and infection. HSV-1 glycoprotein D interacted with the third ectodomain of TRPC1, and this interaction facilitated viral entry. Knockout of TRPC1 attenuated HSV-1-induced ocular abnormality and morbidity in vivo in TRPC1−/− mice. There was a strong correlation between HSV-1 infection and plasma membrane localization of TRPC1 in epithelial cells within oral lesions in buccal biopsies from HSV-1-infected patients. Together, our findings demonstrate a critical role for TRPC1 in HSV-1 infection and suggest the channel as a potential target for anti-HSV therapy.Fil: He, DongXu. Jiangnan University; ChinaFil: Mao, AiQin. Jiangnan University; ChinaFil: Li, YouRan. Jiangnan University; ChinaFil: Tam, SiuCheung. Chinese University Of Hong Kong; Hong KongFil: Zheng, YongTang. Kunming Institute Of Zoology Chinese Academy Of Sciences; ChinaFil: Yao, XiaoQiang. Chinese University Of Hong Kong; Hong KongFil: Birnbaumer, Lutz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Ambudkar, Indu S.. National Institute Of Dental And Craniofacial Research ; Estados UnidosFil: Ma, Xin. Jiangnan University; Chin

Regulation of Neuronal Cell Death by c-Abl-Hippo/MST2 Signaling Pathway

BACKGROUND: Mammalian Ste20-like kinases (MSTs) are the mammalian homologue of Drosophila hippo and play critical roles in regulation of cell death, organ size control, proliferation and tumorigenesis. MSTs exert pro-apoptotic function through cleavage, autophosphorylation and in turn phosphorylation of downstream targets, such as Histone H2B and FOXO (Forkhead box O). Previously we reported that protein kinase c-Abl mediates oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death through phosphorylating MST1 at Y433, which is not conserved among mammalian MST2, Drosophila Hippo and C.elegans cst-1/2. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using immunoblotting, in vitro kinase and cell death assay, we demonstrate that c-Abl kinase phosphorylates MST2 at an evolutionarily conserved site, Y81, within the kinase domain. We further show that the phosphorylation of MST2 by c-Abl leads to the disruption of the interaction with Raf-1 proteins and the enhancement of homodimerization of MST2 proteins. It thereby enhances the MST2 activation and induces neuronal cell death. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The identification of the c-Abl tyrosine kinase as a novel upstream activator of MST2 suggests that the conserved c-Abl-MST signaling cascade plays an important role in oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death

Gene Flow Risks From Transgenic Herbicide-Tolerant Crops to Their Wild Relatives Can Be Mitigated by Utilizing Alien Chromosomes

Integration of a transgene into chromosomes of the C-genomes of oilseed rape (AACC, 2n = 38) may affect their gene flow to wild relatives, particularly Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n = 36). However, no empiric evidence exists in favor of the C-genome as a safer candidate for transformation. In the presence of herbicide selections, the first- to fourth-generation progenies of a B. juncea × glyphosate-tolerant oilseed rape cross [EPSPS gene insertion in the A-genome (Roundup Ready, event RT73)] showed more fitness than a B. juncea × glufosinate-tolerant oilseed rape cross [PAT gene insertion in the C-genome (Liberty Link, event HCN28)]. Karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization–bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC-FISH) analyses showed that crossed progenies from the cultivars with transgenes located on either A- or C- chromosome were mixoploids, and their genomes converged over four generations to 2n = 36 (AABB) and 2n = 37 (AABB + C), respectively. Chromosome pairing of pollen mother cells was more irregular in the progenies from cultivar whose transgene located on C- than on A-chromosome, and the latter lost their C-genome-specific markers faster. Thus, transgene insertion into the different genomes of B. napus affects introgression under herbicide selection. This suggests that gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives could be mitigated by breeding transgenic allopolyploid crops, where the transgene is inserted into an alien chromosome

Classification of autism spectrum disorder using electroencephalography in Chinese children: a cross-sectional retrospective study

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by diverse clinical features. EEG biomarkers such as spectral power and functional connectivity have emerged as potential tools for enhancing early diagnosis and understanding of the neural processes underlying ASD. However, existing studies yield conflicting results, necessitating a comprehensive, data-driven analysis. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 246 children with ASD and 42 control children. EEG was collected, and diverse EEG features, including spectral power and spectral coherence were extracted. Statistical inference methods, coupled with machine learning models, were employed to identify differences in EEG features between ASD and control groups and develop classification models for diagnostic purposes. Our analysis revealed statistically significant differences in spectral coherence, particularly in gamma and beta frequency bands, indicating elevated long range functional connectivity between frontal and parietal regions in the ASD group. Machine learning models achieved modest classification performance of ROC-AUC at 0.65. While machine learning approaches offer some discriminative power classifying individuals with ASD from controls, they also indicate the need for further refinement

Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Adsorption Process Parameters for Methylene Blue Removal by a Hydrogel Composite

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the adsorption parameters of Methylene Blue onto a chitosan- g -poly(acrylic acid)/halloysite hydrogel composite with 50% halloysite content. Such optimization was undertaken to ensure a high efficiency over the experimental ranges employed, and to evaluate the interactive effects of the initial concentration of Methylene Blue, the pH and the temperature on the adsorption process in order to improve the conditions employed in the batch process. A total of 17 adsorption experimental runs were carried out employing the detailed conditions designed by response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that a second-order polynomial regression equation was the most appropriate for fitting the experimental data. The experimental confirmation tests showed a correlation between the predicted and experimental responses (R 2 = 0.9904). The optimal point obtained was located in the valid region and the optimum adsorption parameters were predicted as an initial Methylene Blue concentration of 1034 mg/ℓ, a pH value of 6.1 and a temperature of 41 °C. Under these adsorption conditions, a higher adsorption capacity of 1336.05 mg/g was achieved from a simulated dye solution

A Novel Route to the Preparation of Carbon Supported Nickel Phosphide Catalysts by a Microwave Heating Process

A simple and efficient approach based on microwave heating process was developed to prepare carbon supported nickel phosphide. In this approach, red phosphorus was used as a P source and carbon acted as both the support and the microwave absorbent. The red phosphorus was homogeneously mixed with Ni-impregnated carbon by milling, and then subjected to microwave heating. After several minutes by microwave heating in Ar or H(2) atmosphere, the nickel phosphide, Ni(2)P, was produced on the carbon support, while the temperature of the sample bed was only 473 K or even lower during the reaction. It was also found that the preparation atmosphere had significant effects on the phosphide formation. Compared to the preparation in Ar, the nickel phosphides prepared in H2 were more readily formed and more highly dispersed on the carbon support due to PH(3) formation during the reduction process. The as-prepared nickel phosphide catalysts exhibited much higher activities in selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene compared to that prepared by the conventional heating method, which was attributed to the high dispersion of Ni(2)P prepared by the microwave heating method

onepotcatalyticconversionofcellulosetoethyleneglycolandotherchemicalsfromfundamentaldiscoverytopotentialcommercialization

纤维素直接催化转化制乙二醇是一条极具吸引力的生物质转化途径，有助于减轻化石能源资源的消耗。综述了从该反应途径的发现到获得高效、高稳定性催化剂的快速发展过程。基于对钨基催化剂的大量研究结果，本文讨论了反应机制，明确了反应路径、催化剂状态、钨物种及加氢催化活性中心各自在串联反应中的作用。围绕该反应过程的工业化应用需要，讨论了有关原生木质纤维素生物质催化转化以及高效反应过程的发展策略。在此基础上，将纤维素催化转化制乙二醇过程与生物质发酵制丙酮-丁醇-乙醇的生物炼制路线进行整合，构建出一个理想的反应过程潜在应用范例。最后，对纤维素催化转化制乙二醇反应过程进行了总结和前景展望

onepotcatalyticconversionofcellulosetoethyleneglycolandotherchemicalsfromfundamentaldiscoverytopotentialcommercialization

纤维素直接催化转化制乙二醇是一条极具吸引力的生物质转化途径，有助于减轻化石能源资源的消耗。综述了从该反应途径的发现到获得高效、高稳定性催化剂的快速发展过程。基于对钨基催化剂的大量研究结果，本文讨论了反应机制，明确了反应路径、催化剂状态、钨物种及加氢催化活性中心各自在串联反应中的作用。围绕该反应过程的工业化应用需要，讨论了有关原生木质纤维素生物质催化转化以及高效反应过程的发展策略。在此基础上，将纤维素催化转化制乙二醇过程与生物质发酵制丙酮-丁醇-乙醇的生物炼制路线进行整合，构建出一个理想的反应过程潜在应用范例。最后，对纤维素催化转化制乙二醇反应过程进行了总结和前景展望

Selective Production of 1,2-Propylene Glycol from Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber using Ni-W2C/AC Catalysts

A series of Ni-promoted W2C/activated carbon (AC) catalysts were investigated for the catalytic conversion of Jerusalem artichoke tuber (JAT) under hydrothermal conditions and hydrogen pressure. Even a small amount of Ni could greatly promote the conversion of JAT to 1,2-propylene glycol (1,2-PG), whereas the pure W2C/AC catalyst resulted in the selective formation of acetol. The product distribution profiles involving the reaction temperature, time, and H2 pressure indicated that 1,2-PG formed as a result of acetol hydrogenation, which was catalyzed by Ni. Thus, there was a synergy between W2C and Ni, and the best performance yielded 38.5?% of 1,2-PG over a 4?% Ni20?% W2C/AC catalyst at 245 degrees C, 6 MPa H2, and 80 min. To understand the reaction process, some important intermediates, such as inulin, fructose, acetol, glyceraldehyde, and 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, were used as the feedstock. Based on the product distributions derived from these intermediates, a reaction pathway was proposed, where JAT was first hydrolyzed into a mixture of fructose and glucose under the catalysis of H+, then the sugars underwent a retro-aldol reaction followed by hydrogenation catalyzed by NiW2C