SPACE: 3D Parallel Solvers for Vlasov-Maxwell and Vlasov-Poisson Equations for Relativistic Plasmas with Atomic Transformations

A parallel, relativistic, three-dimensional particle-in-cell code SPACE has been developed for the simulation of electromagnetic fields, relativistic particle beams, and plasmas. In addition to the standard second-order Particle-in-Cell (PIC) algorithm, SPACE includes efficient novel algorithms to resolve atomic physics processes such as multi-level ionization of plasma atoms, recombination, and electron attachment to dopants in dense neutral gases. SPACE also contains a highly adaptive particle-based method, called Adaptive Particle-in-Cloud (AP-Cloud), for solving the Vlasov-Poisson problems. It eliminates the traditional Cartesian mesh of PIC and replaces it with an adaptive octree data structure. The code's algorithms, structure, capabilities, parallelization strategy and performances have been discussed. Typical examples of SPACE applications to accelerator science and engineering problems are also presented.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Selective Differential Privacy for Language Modeling

With the increasing applications of language models, it has become crucial to protect these models from leaking private information. Previous work has attempted to tackle this challenge by training RNN-based language models with differential privacy guarantees. However, applying classical differential privacy to language models leads to poor model performance as the underlying privacy notion is over-pessimistic and provides undifferentiated protection for all tokens in the data. Given that the private information in natural language is sparse (for example, the bulk of an email might not carry personally identifiable information), we propose a new privacy notion, selective differential privacy, to provide rigorous privacy guarantees on the sensitive portion of the data to improve model utility. To realize such a new notion, we develop a corresponding privacy mechanism, Selective-DPSGD, for RNN-based language models. Besides language modeling, we also apply the method to a more concrete application--dialog systems. Experiments on both language modeling and dialog system building show that the proposed privacy-preserving mechanism achieves better utilities while remaining safe under various privacy attacks compared to the baselines. The data and code are released at https://github.com/wyshi/lm_privacy to facilitate future research .Comment: NAACL 202

PL - 021 The research of High temperature exercise under different humidity environment effect on the body of water and salt metabolism

Objective Objective: This study was to investigate the body under high temperature (33 ℃) with different relative humidity (80%, 50%, 20%) combination of environment, respectively for 20 min 60% VO2max individual strength of quiet before and after the exposure of movement and under the same conditions, by measuring the participants within the body weight, serum sex hormone of blood, blood Na+、K+, Na+、K+ concentration in the urine of change, to explore in the sports stress and thermal stress of two kinds of stimulating the body water and salt metabolism characteristics, and to explore the effects of environmental humidity on the body's homeostasis. Methods Methods: This study selected 12 students of sports training major from Beijing sports university as subjects, with themselves as the control. The experiment is divided into six categories, respectively: high temperature 33℃ and 20% RH exposure group, the high temperature 33℃ and 20% RH campaign group, high temperature 33℃and 50% RH exposure group, the high temperature 33℃ and 50% RH campaign group, high temperature 33℃ and 80% RH exposure group and high temperature 33℃ and 80% RH. In this study all the environmental temperature are set up to 33℃, exercise intensity level of 60% VO2max selection for individual participants. Before every experiment, all participants were asked to quiet sit for 20 min and then measure the subjects' body weight, charge the subjects' vein blood and urine, take the same operation immediately after the experiment. Blood samples were stored at room temperature for 1 h, and 3000r/min was centrifuged for 20min. Serums were gathered through centrifugation, The urine and Serums were partial shipments in tube to be indicators of measurement. Serum Renin、ANGII、ALD、ADH、ANP、Na+、K+ concentration of serum and urine were tested Results Results:  (1)The subjects' weight loss percentage of exercise group was obviously higher than that of quiet exposure group, the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01); In 80% RH environment weight loss percentage is significantly higher than that of 50% RH and 20% RH values (P < 0.01).There is no difference between 20%RH and 50%RH. (2) The exercise group of Renin, ANGII, ALD, ADH, concentration is significantly higher than the value of exposed group (P < 0.01), but the ANP concentrations were significantly lower than pure quiet exposure levels (P < 0.01). Conclusions Conclusions: (1) The body sweat more after exercise than just quiet exposed in high temperature, weight loss phenomenon more obvious; And with the increase of relative humidity environment,  dehydration will more serious. (2) Exercise factors can significantly promote the release of blood Renin, ANGII, ALD, ADH and   inhibit the release of ANP in the blood. By the way of strengthening the absorption process of water and ions, it can maintain the body's balance of water and ions

Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Application of the Polysaccharides from <i>Lonicera japonica</i> Thunb.: A Review

Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a widely distributed plant with ornamental, economic, edible, and medicinal values. L. japonica is a phytoantibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and a potent therapeutic effect on various infectious diseases. The anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-depression, antioxidative, immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-gout, and anti-alcohol-addiction effects of L. japonica can also be explained by bioactive polysaccharides isolated from this plant. Several researchers have determined the molecular weight, chemical structure, and monosaccharide composition and ratio of L. japonica polysaccharides by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and chromatography. This article searched in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Flora of China, Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI databases within the last 12 years, using “Lonicera. japonica polysaccharides”, “Lonicera. japonica Thunb. polysaccharides”, and “Honeysuckle polysaccharides” as the key word, systematically reviewed the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, structure-activity relationship, and health benefits of L. japonica polysaccharides to provide insights for future studies. Further, we elaborated on the potential applications of L. japonica polysaccharides in the food, medicine, and daily chemical industry, such as using L. japonica as raw material to make lozenges, soy sauce and toothpaste, etc. This review will be a useful reference for the further optimization of functional products developed from L. japonica polysaccharides

Proteomic and Mutant Analysis of Hydrogenase Maturation Protein Gene <i>hypE</i> in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation of <i>Mesorhizobium huakuii</i>

Hydrogenases catalyze the simple yet important redox reaction between protons and electrons and H2, thus mediating symbiotic interactions. The contribution of hydrogenase to this symbiosis and anti-oxidative damage was investigated using the M. huakuii hypE (encoding hydrogenase maturation protein) mutant. The hypE mutant grew a little faster than its parental 7653R and displayed decreased antioxidative capacity under H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that hypE gene expression is significantly up-regulated in all the detected stages of nodule development. Although the hypE mutant can form nodules, the symbiotic ability was severely impaired, which led to an abnormal nodulation phenotype coupled to a 47% reduction in nitrogen fixation capacity. This phenotype was linked to the formation of smaller abnormal nodules containing disintegrating and prematurely senescent bacteroids. Proteomics analysis allowed a total of ninety differentially expressed proteins (fold change > 1.5 or p supplying energy and electrons, in bacterial detoxification, and in the control of bacteroid differentiation and senescence

Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities, and Applications of the Polysaccharides from <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Roscoe. (Ginger): A Review

Zingiber officinale Roscoe. (ginger) is a widely distributed plant with a long history of cultivation and consumption. Ginger can be used as a spice, condiment, food, nutrition, and as an herb. Significantly, the polysaccharides extracted from ginger show surprising and satisfactory biological activity, which explains the various benefits of ginger on human health, including anti-influenza, anti-colitis, anti-tussive, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor effects. Here, we systematically review the major studies on the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from ginger in recent years, the characterization of their chemical structure, biological activity, and structure–activity relationships, and the applications of ginger polysaccharides in different fields. This article will update and deepen the understanding of ginger polysaccharide and provide a theoretical basis for its further research and application in human health and product development

Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activity and Application of Polysaccharides from <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> L. (Purslane): A Review

Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) is a widely distributed plant with a long history of cultivation and consumption. Notably, polysaccharides obtained from purslane exhibit surprising and satisfactory biological activities, which explain the various benefits of purslane on human health, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor, antifatigue, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. This article systematically reviews the extraction and purification methods, chemical structure, chemical modification, biological activity and other aspects of polysaccharides from purslane collected in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Flora of China, Web of Science, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar and CNKI databases in the last 14 years, using the keywords “Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharides” and “purslane polysaccharides”. The application of purslane polysaccharides in different fields is also summarized, and its application prospects are also discussed. This paper provides an updated and deeper understanding of purslane polysaccharides, which will provide useful guidance for the further optimization of polysaccharide structures and the development of purslane polysaccharides as a novel functional material, as well as a theoretical basis for its further research and application in human health and manufacturing development

&lt;i&gt;Ratanasampil&lt;/i&gt; (Tibetan Medicine, RNSP) Reduces &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-Amyloid Protein (Aβ) and Pro-Inflammatory Factor Levels and Improves Cognitive Functions in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Patients Living at High Altitude

La nouvelle orthodoxie de la recherche sur l’histoire soviétique évite soigneusement de parler de résistance au régime stalinien. Résistance, dit-on, implique une personnalité autonome par rapport au régime. Or les citoyens de l’URSS auraient été incapables de garder une distance par rapport aux normes fixées par l’État. Il leur manquait un point d’appui au-delà du système. Le concept de résistance est un piège pour le chercheur, car il suppose l’hypothèse improbable d’un sujet capable d’inté..