4 research outputs found
Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome A Mechanism for the Unilateral Tendencies
No abstract availabl
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Space Medicine: A Historical Look into Medical Problems in Space and the Implications they have on the Mars Missions
A paper submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, History of Medicine course.This item is part of the College of Medicine - Phoenix, History of Medicine collection. For more information, contact the Phoenix Biomedical Campus Library at [email protected]
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Transcriptional Regulation of the Type 1 Interferon Response by a Nuclear Pore Protein.
A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.The type I interferon (IFN) response is an integral immune response for host defense against viruses. When a virus enters a cell, cellular pattern recognition receptors bind to viral structures leading to transcription and synthesis of interferons ultimately resulting in viral clearance (5). More than twenty unique IFN genes have been found in humans. They are typically divided among three classes, simply labeled Type I IFN, Type II IFN, and Type III IFN. Interferons belonging to all three classes are important for fighting viral infections and for the regulation of the immune system. Specifically, the type I interferons are produced when cells recognize viral particles within them. Simply put, this response, which results in the production of IFN- β, is akin to an alarm being sounded, alerting the body to viral invasion. The transcriptional induction of IFN- β requires numerous signaling molecules that converge on the activation pathways of various transcription factors, ultimately leading to the antiviral response. Although well studied, many components of the type I interferon response are still being deciphered.This item is part of the College of Medicine - Phoenix Scholarly Projects 2018 collection. For more information, contact the Phoenix Biomedical Campus Library at [email protected]
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Utility of ultrasound in managing acute medical conditions in space: a scoping review.
BACKGROUND: In long-distance spaceflight, the challenges of communication delays and the impracticality of rapid evacuation necessitate the management of medical emergencies by onboard physicians. Consequently, these physicians must be proficient in tools, such as ultrasound, which has proven itself a strong diagnostic imaging tool in space. Yet, there remains a notable gap in the discourse surrounding its efficacy in handling acute medical scenarios. This scoping review aims to present an updated analysis of the evidence supporting the role of ultrasound in diagnosing acute conditions within microgravity environments. METHODS: A systematic search was executed across three bibliographic databases: PubMed, EMBASE (Embase.com), and the Web of Science Core Collection. We considered articles published up to February 25, 2023, that highlighted the application of ultrasound in diagnosing acute medical conditions in either microgravity or microgravity-simulated settings. Exclusions were made for review papers, abstracts, and in-vitro studies. RESULTS: After removing duplicates, and filtering papers by pre-determined criteria, a total of 15 articles were identified that discuss the potential use of ultrasound in managing acute medical conditions in space. The publication date of these studies ranged from 1999 to 2020. A relatively similar proportion of these studies were conducted either on the International Space Station or in parabolic flight, with one performed in supine positioning to simulate weightlessness. The included studies discuss acute pathologies, such as abdominal emergencies, decompression sickness, deep venous thrombosis, acute lung pathologies, sinusitis, musculoskeletal trauma, genitourinary emergencies, and ocular emergencies. CONCLUSIONS: While ultrasound has shown promise in addressing various acute conditions, significant knowledge gaps remain, especially in gastrointestinal, cardiac, vascular, and reproductive emergencies. As we venture further into space, expanding our medical expertise becomes vital to ensure astronaut safety and mission success