Body adiposity index to analyze the percentage of fat in young men aged between 7 and 17 years

BACKGROUND: The body adiposity index (BAI), uses anthropometry to estimate percent body fat (%F). However, previous studies have shown that the BAI has limited accuracy for children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: We propose to develop and validate an adjusted BAI for use in male children and adolescents from 7 to 17 years of age. METHODS: The sample consisted of 141 physically active male children and adolescents (age: 12.5 ± 2.14). The %F was determined by X-ray dual energy absorptometry equipment (DXA) as the standard method and by BAI, using an equation that uses height and hip circumference. Arithmetic modeling was used to adjust the structure of the BAI mathematical model. RESULTS: The BAI arithmetic adjustment was successful, resulting in the mathematical model named in the present study of adjusted body adiposity index (BAIADJ ). BAI and BAIADJ correlated with DXA (r ≤ .70, p  .05). CONCLUSION: The adjusted model of the body adiposity index proves to be an effective tool for the analysis of the fat percentage in young males. In addition, it demonstrated significant degrees of agreement and validity in relation to DXA

Effect of Exercise Interventions on Health-Related Quality of Life After Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Exercise interventions have been shown to help physical fitness, walking and balance after stroke, but data is lacking on whether such interventions lead to improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, thirty randomised controlled trials (n=1,836 patients) were found from PubMed, OVID MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, The Cochrane Library and TRIP databases when searched from 1966 to Feb 2020, that examine the effects of exercise interventions on HRQoL after strokem or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Exercise interventions resulted in small to moderate beneficial effects on HRQoL at intervention end (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.23; 95% CI -0.40 to -0.07) that appeared to diminish at longer term follow up (SMD -0.11; 95%CI -0.26 to 0.04). Exercise was associated with moderate improvements in physical health (SMD -0.33; 95% CI -0.61 to -0.04) and mental health (SMD -0.29; 95% CI -0.49 to -0.09) domains of HRQoL while effects on social or cognitive composites showed little difference. Interventions that were initiated within 6 months, lasted at least 12 weeks in duration, involved at least 150 minutes per week, and included resistance training appeared most effective. Exercise can lead to moderate beneficial effects on HRQoL and should be considered an integral part of stroke rehabilitatio

Evaluation of the body adiposity index against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessing body composition in children and adolescents

BACKGROUND: It is important to clarify the association of lean and fat mass between children and adolescents considering the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in this age group. The aim of this study was to verify the association between the body adiposity index (BAI) and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) methods for analyzing body composition, as well as analyzing the validity of BAI to verify the percentage of fat in children and adolescents. METHODS: The sample was composed of 106 children and adolescents, 44 females (age: 11.5 ± 1.8 years) and 62 evils (13.6 ± 2.6 years). The body fat (%F) was measured using DXA and the doubly indirect BAI body fat estimation technique. RESULTS: The BAI and DXA estimates of %F were strongly correlated (boys: r = .71, P < .0001; girls: r = .72, P < .0001). The linear regression analyses showed that BAI is significant to estimate the %F in total sample (P < .0001). For boys, the %F analyzes performed by BAI and DXA did not show any differences when compared (P = .2). In addition, BAI pointed out a significant proportion bias for both sexes (P < .0001), which suggests its inefficiency in the analysis of %F. CONCLUSIONS: BAI and DXA correlate; however, there is low reliability and a high proportion bias for the analysis of %F by BAI

Ultramarathon Evaluation above 180km in relation to Peak Age and Performance.

Background. Ultramarathons with distances over 180 km might lead to different results regarding participation, performance, and age compared to shorter runs of 50 and 100 km. Objective. To evaluate ultramarathons with distances above 180 km in relation to runners’ peak age and performance. Methods. Verification of the quantity of competitions in runs over 180 km by continents in the period 2000 to 2020 and evaluation of the individual results of 13,300 athletes after 2010. Results. Europe stood out with the largest number of organized events, followed by Asia and North America. The age peak performance (PP) in men and women averaged 45 years old with relationship between sex × years (F = 3:612, p &lt; 0:001; η 2 = 0:003). Men accounted for more than 80% of the runners and showed a reduction in PP from 2015 onwards (p &lt; 0:001). Competitions between 180 and 240 km were the most frequent, particularly after 2016, surpassing the number of marathons over 360 km (p &lt; 0:001). Men and women showed higher velocity in distances (p &lt; 0:001) from 180 to 240 km when compared to 241 to 300 k m, 301 to 360 km, and &gt;360 km courses. Conclusions. The decade between 2010 and 2020 showed an increase in the number of Ultramarathon running events. Europe had the highest number. Women had low participation. Performance progression fell, a fact associated with an increase in the number of participants and not specifically related to a decline in athletic performance over the years