Sponge amnion potential in post tooth extraction wound healing by interleukin‑6 and bone morphogenetic protein‑2 expression analysis:An animal study

Background: Wound tooth extraction is a mechanical injury that traumatizes adjacent tissue. Sponge amnion contains growth factors that can promote postextraction wound healing. Amnion membranes can be transformed into sponge form rendering it easier to use. The aim of this study is to analyze interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and bone morphogenetic protein‑2 (BMP‑2) expression in postextraction wound healing on the 1st and 7th day after sponge amnion application. Materials and Methods: Twenty‑eight Wistar rats were used in this experimental descriptive analytical study. Fourteen animals’ first right anterior mandible tooth was extracted; then, the socket applied by sponge amnion and sutured (treatment group), while 14 others only sutured (as control group). The alveolar bone tissue of animal was observed 1st and 7th days after extraction and then was analyzed using immunohistostaining to identify the expression of IL‑6 and BMP‑2. Statistical analysis was performed using one‑way ANOVA with the level of significance (P < 0.05). Results: IL‑6 expression in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group on the 1st and 7th days (P = 0.000). BMP‑2 expression in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group on the 1st and 7th days (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Sponge amnion can promote the healing process by increasing the expression of BMP‑2 and decreasing IL‑6 expression

Restoration of Regenerative Osteoblastogenesis in Aged Mice: Modulation of TNF

Skeletal changes accompanying aging are associated with both increased risk of fractures and impaired fracture healing, which, in turn, is due to compromised bone regeneration potential. These changes are associated with increased serum levels of selected proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). We have used a unique model of bone regeneration to demonstrate (1) that aged-related deficits in direct bone formation can be restored to young mice by treatment with TNF blockers and (2) that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 is a candidate for mediation of the osteoinhibitory effects of TNF. It has been hypothesized recently that TNF antagonists may represent novel anabolic agents, and we believe that the data presented here represent a successful test of this hypothesis. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Researc