Two applications of twisted Floer homology

Given an irreducible closed 3--manifold $Y$, we show that its twisted Heegaard Floer homology determines whether $Y$ is a torus bundle over the circle. Another result we will prove is, if $K$ is a genus 1 null-homologous knot in an $L$--space, and the 0--surgery on $K$ is fibered, then $K$ itself is fibered. These two results are the missing cases of earlier results due to the second author.Comment: 17 page

A preliminary study to investigate the expressive syntactic ability of normal speakers

Grammatical problem was one of the most prominent characteristics of speech in persons with aphasia (Gordon, 2006) and progressive aphasic syndromes (Knibb, Woollams, Hodges, & Patterson, 2009). Measures used to investigate the grammatical deficits on the discourse performance of persons with aphasia could be roughly classified into to two categories, one related to the level of lexicon, the other concerned with the level of syntax. Most of the measures belonged to the former category used words to analysis the variation on the speech performance, such as correct information units (CIUs; Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993), type token ratio (TTR); while the measures applied in studies related to the syntactic ability was more varied. Such as proportion of sentences well formed, auxiliary scores, proportion of verbs inflected, proportion of obligatory determiners in quantitative production analysis (QPA) (Gordon, 2006), and the mean length of the syntactic units, the proportion of syntactic units suggested by Lind, Kristoffersen, Moen, and Simonsen (2009). However, the measures used to depict the syntactic ability of a person was separated, could not provide a profile to reveal a pattern of syntactic ability in a consecutive picture. In order to develop a syntactic scoring system that can capture the changes in the characteristics of narrative speech, we adopted the concept from studies in child language development (Hsu, 2003) and widen the category to encompass the imperfect parts in natural speech. The applicability of this scoring system was firstly tested by the normal population in order to examine if the range of the scope is suitable for reflecting the expressive syntactic ability of a normal speaker

Optical Non-Reciprocity in Coupled Resonators Inspired by Photosynthetic Energy Transfer

Inspired by the photosynthetic energy transfer process, we theoretically propose a method to realize non-reciprocal optical transmission in an array of coupled resonators. The optical non-reciprocity of the coupled resonators arises from the frequency gradient between adjacent cavities and the interaction with the environment, which is similar to photosynthetic energy transfer. An increase in the frequency gradient or the number of the cavities can lead to better non-reciprocity. However, although a higher environment temperature will increase the total photon number in the coupled cavities, non-reciprocity will be weakened. All these findings can be well described by the detailed balance. Our discovery reveals the similarity between the noise-induced optical non-reciprocity and exciton energy transfer in natural photosynthesis.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figure

China’s Contemporary Trends of Trade in Educational Services and It’s Countermeasures under the Opening Environment

While China is opening its educational market to the outside world, the main international trends of trade in educational services are: the developed countries are still the chief exporters while the developing countries are increasing their involvement; aside from the overseas consumption there is also remarkable development in other forms of educational service trade. This text analyzes the main trends of China’s educational service trade under the opening environment, which include: there is a progressively increasing population of overseas students; the number of overseas students whose schooling is paid by themselves is increasing, so is the returning rate; China becomes more and more attractive to foreign students by its unique advantages; Educational mid-organizations have been developing rapidly and other forms of educational service trade have also been experiencing a considerable development. To deal with these trends, we may take several measures as follows under the opening environment: to carry out researches into the law of development of trade in educational services; to standardize the domestic intermediary market; to prefect relevant laws and regulations. Key words: trade in educational services/educational service trade, trend, countermeasure Résumé: Lors de l’ouverture du marché éducatif de la Chine vers l’extérieur, les tendances principales du secteur de service éducatif sont : les pays développés restent encore les exportateurs essentiels alors que les pays en développement augmentent leur part. En plus de la consommation étrangère il y a encore un développement remarquable sous d’autres formes du service éduatif. Cet article analyse les principales tendances du secteur de service éducatif de la Chine dans un environnement ouvert, qui englobent : la population des étudiants étrangers s’agrandit progressivement ; le nombre des étudiants étrangers dont la scolarité est à leur charge augmente, d’où le taux de retour ; la Chine devient de plus en plus attractive pour les étudants étrangers grâce à ses avantages uniques ; les intermédiaires éducatifs se développent rapidement et d’autres formes du service éducatif connaissent aussi un développement considérable. Face à ces tendances, on peut prendre dans un environnement ouvert des mesures comme suite : effectuer des recherches sur la loi de développement sectoriel du service éducatif, standardiser le marché intermédiaire domestique, perfectionner les lois et régulations concernées. Mots-Clés: secteur du service éducatif, tendance, contre-mesur

Order properties of symplectic runge-kutta-nyström methods

AbstractIn this paper, some characteristics and order properties of symplectic Runge-Kuttar-Nyström (RKN) methods are given. By using a transformation technique, a family of high-order implicit symplectic RKN methods of order 2s -1 or order 2s is constructed, and some available symplectic RKN methods including singly-implicit, multiply-implicit, and diagonally-implicit symplectic RKN methods are investigated. As examples, two-stage and three-stage symplectic RKN methods are derived in detail