Promjer skrotuma, značajke sperme, plazmatskih hormona sperme te njihova povezanost s histopatološkom slikom testesa i epididimisa u bivola.

This study was carried out on six buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) for a one-year period. Four bulls selected had good and two bulls (No. 321 and 323) had poor semen quality. All bulls were aged from 6-10 years. Scrotal circumference (SC) and sperm characteristics of both bulls were lower than healthy bulls, while dead sperm percentage and total sperm abnormalities were high. Overall seminal plasma testosterone was lower in these bulls, while oestrogen was lower in bull 323 and higher in 321. Histopathological studies of testes of bull 323 showed a 100% loss of germinal epithelium (DGEL) in all three regions of the right testis; however, it was 89.96% in left testis. DGEL in bull 321 was 35.88 % in right and 31.70% in left testis, with higher DGEL in the ventral part in both testes. Total and lumen diameter was greater (P<0.01) in the caudal region of the left epididymis. Epithelial height in the caput region of the left epididymis was higher (P<0.05) in bull 323 while in the corpus of the right epididymis in bull 321 DGEL correlated negatively (P<0.001) with sperm concentration (r = -0.98), progressive motility (r = -0.88) and oestrogen (r = -0.87), and correlated positively (P<0.001) with dead sperm percentage (r = 0.89), total sperm abnormalities (r = 0.99) and testosterone (r = 0.98). Epithelial height showed a negative correlation (P<0.001) with DGEL (r = -0.88) and seminal plasma testosterone (r = -0.87), while it was positive (P<0.001) with oestrogen (r = 0.89).Istraživanje je provedeno na šest bivola (Bubalus bubalis) tijekom jedne godine. U dva bivola (321 i 322) utvrđena je sperma loše kvalitete. U njih je također utvrđen manji opseg skrotuma i velik postotak uginulih i abnormalnih spermija. Koncentracija testosterona u njihovoj spermi bila je niža u odnosu na onu u zdravih životinja. Razina estrogena bila je niža u bivola 323, a viša u bivola 321. Histopatološkom pretragom tkiva testisa bivola 323 utvrđena je potpuna odsutnost germinativnog epitela u desnom testisu te 89,6 %-tna odsutnost u lijevom testisu. U bivola 321 gubitak germinativnog epitela iznosio je 35,88% u desnom i 31,70% u lijevom testisu, s većim stupnjem gubitka u ventralnim dijelovima testisa. Ukupni promjer i promjer lumena bio je veći u kaudalnom području lijevog epididimisa (P<0,01). Visina epitelnih stanica na području glave lijevog epididimisa bila je veća (P<0,05) u bivola 323. Gubitak germinativnog epitela u području glave desnog epididimisa bivola 321 bio je u negativnoj korelaciji (P<0,001) s koncentracijom sperme (r = -0,98), progresivnom pokretljivošću (r = - 0,88) i estrogenom (r = -0,87), a u pozitivnoj korelaciji (P<0,001) s postotkom uginulih spermija (r = 0,89), abnormalnih spermija (r = 0,99) i testosteronom (r = 0,98). Visina epitelnih stanica bila je u negativnoj korelaciji (P<0,001) sa stupnjem gubitka germinativnog epitela (r = -0,88) i testosterona (r = -0,87), a u pozitivnoj (P<0,001) s razinom estrogena (r = 0,89)

A randomized controlled trial to investigate the use of acute coronary syndrome therapy in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: the COVID-19 Acute Coronary Syndrome trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 suffer thrombotic complications. Risk factors for poor outcomes are shared with coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of an acute coronary syndrome regimen in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and coronary disease risk factors. METHODS: A randomized controlled, open-label trial across acute hospitals (United Kingdom and Brazil) added aspirin, clopidogrel, low-dose rivaroxaban, atorvastatin, and omeprazole to standard care for 28 days. Primary efficacy and safety outcomes were 30-day mortality and bleeding. The key secondary outcome was a daily clinical status (at home, in hospital, on intensive therapy unit admission, or death). RESULTS: Three hundred twenty patients from 9 centers were randomized. The trial terminated early due to low recruitment. At 30 days, there was no significant difference in mortality (intervention vs control, 11.5% vs 15%; unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.38-1.41; p = .355). Significant bleeds were infrequent and were not significantly different between the arms (intervention vs control, 1.9% vs 1.9%; p > .999). Using a Bayesian Markov longitudinal ordinal model, it was 93% probable that intervention arm participants were more likely to transition to a better clinical state each day (OR, 1.46; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.88-2.37; Pr [beta > 0], 93%; adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CrI, 0.91-2.45; Pr [beta > 0], 95%) and median time to discharge to home was 2 days shorter (95% CrI, -4 to 0; 2% probability that it was worse). CONCLUSION: Acute coronary syndrome treatment regimen was associated with a reduction in the length of hospital stay without an excess in major bleeding. A larger trial is needed to evaluate mortality

A randomized controlled trial to investigate the use of acute coronary syndrome therapy in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: the COVID-19 Acute Coronary Syndrome trial.

BackgroundPatients hospitalized with COVID-19 suffer thrombotic complications. Risk factors for poor outcomes are shared with coronary artery disease.ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of an acute coronary syndrome regimen in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and coronary disease risk factors.MethodsA randomized controlled, open-label trial across acute hospitals (United Kingdom and Brazil) added aspirin, clopidogrel, low-dose rivaroxaban, atorvastatin, and omeprazole to standard care for 28 days. Primary efficacy and safety outcomes were 30-day mortality and bleeding. The key secondary outcome was a daily clinical status (at home, in hospital, on intensive therapy unit admission, or death).ResultsThree hundred twenty patients from 9 centers were randomized. The trial terminated early due to low recruitment. At 30 days, there was no significant difference in mortality (intervention vs control, 11.5% vs 15%; unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.38-1.41; p = .355). Significant bleeds were infrequent and were not significantly different between the arms (intervention vs control, 1.9% vs 1.9%; p > .999). Using a Bayesian Markov longitudinal ordinal model, it was 93% probable that intervention arm participants were more likely to transition to a better clinical state each day (OR, 1.46; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.88-2.37; Pr [beta > 0], 93%; adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CrI, 0.91-2.45; Pr [beta > 0], 95%) and median time to discharge to home was 2 days shorter (95% CrI, -4 to 0; 2% probability that it was worse).ConclusionAcute coronary syndrome treatment regimen was associated with a reduction in the length of hospital stay without an excess in major bleeding. A larger trial is needed to evaluate mortality