THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURNING POINTS AND TRAVEL STYLES: A STUDY OF FIRST GENERATION OLDER KOREAN AMERICANS

People experience various significant events across their life course. The purpose of this study was to explore what turning point events occur and how these events influence travel style among first generation older Korean immigrants. To accomplish this, 33 interviewees were recruited by using theoretical sampling and a semi-structured interview with the retrospective interview technique. Following the grounded theory approach (Strauss & Corbin, 1990, 1998; Corbin 2008), several themes emerged that created turning point events and travel styles among first generation older Korean immigrants. Turning point events divided into eleven categories. In the findings, however, the participants seemed to experience not only a single turning point event at a time, but also interpersonal, multiple, and sequential events. They were also in different situations and dealt with their significant life events in relation to various factors (e.g., changes of transitional role, changes of family structure, changes of socio-economic status, and changes of priorities in life), which are general outcomes of turning point events. The model suggests travel behaviors changed after turning point events in three specific travel outcomes of turning point events (i.e., value of travel, timing of travel, and opportunity to travel), which become facilitating or constraining factors that lead to travel participation or non-participation. Four different types of travel styles were emerged: day trips, travel to Korea, travel to iconic places of the United States, and religious and mission trips. This study provides a grounded theory that attempts to explain the complex nature of turning points and the impacts of turning point events on travel among first generation older Korean immigrants

Gender Differences in Travel Constraints and Changed Travel Pattern after a Senior Travel Program Introduces: A Case Study of the Florence County Senior Travel Program

The purposes of this study were to explore pleasure travel constraints among adults aged 50 and over and investigate the gender differences of pleasure travel constraints. Moreover, this study investigated whether there were changed pleasure travel patterns among a specific group of older adults since an organized tour opportunity is available in their resident county, Florence County, South Carolina. The findings of this study indicated that female travelers perceived more travel constraints, however, they had a higher level of travel interest than males. Comparing the proportion of changed pleasure travel patterns with the FCPRD travel program, most of female travelers chose to participate in the FCPRD travel programs. As the FCPRD organized travel program was introduced, female travelers appeared to take more opportunities to travel than males

Role of Transcription Factor Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver not due to alcohol abuse. NAFLD is accompanied by variety of symptoms related to metabolic syndrome. Although the metabolic link between NAFLD and insulin resistance is not fully understood, it is clear that NAFLD is one of the main cause of insulin resistance. NAFLD is shown to affect the functions of other organs, including pancreas, adipose tissue, muscle and inflammatory systems. Currently efforts are being made to understand molecular mechanism of interrelationship between NAFLD and insulin resistance at the transcriptional level with specific focus on post-translational modification (PTM) of transcription factors. PTM of transcription factors plays a key role in controlling numerous biological events, including cellular energy metabolism, cell-cycle progression, and organ development. Cell type- and tissue-specific reversible modifications include lysine acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation. Moreover, phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation on serine and threonine residues have been shown to affect protein stability, subcellular distribution, DNA-binding affinity, and transcriptional activity. PTMs of transcription factors involved in insulin-sensitive tissues confer specific adaptive mechanisms in response to internal or external stimuli. Our understanding of the interplay between these modifications and their effects on transcriptional regulation is growing. Here, we summarize the diverse roles of PTMs in insulin-sensitive tissues and their involvement in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance

Active site phosphoryl groups in the biphosphorylated phosphotransferase complex reveal dynamics in a millisecond time scale

AbstractThe N-terminal domain of Enzyme I (EIN) and phosphocarrier HPr can form a biphosphorylated complex when they are both phosphorylated by excess cellular phosphoenolpyruvate. Here we show that the electrostatic repulsion between the phosphoryl groups in the biphosphorylated complex results in characteristic dynamics at the active site in a millisecond time scale. The dynamics is localized to phospho-His15 and the stabilizing backbone amide groups of HPr, and does not impact on the phospho-His189 of EIN. The dynamics occurs with the kex of ∼500s−1 which compares to the phosphoryl transfer rate of ∼850s−1 between EIN and HPr. The conformational dynamics in HPr may be important for its phosphotransfer reactions with multiple partner proteins.Structured summary of protein interactionsEIN and HPr bind by nuclear magnetic resonance (View Interaction)

“If You Build It, They Will Come”: Relationship between Attraction Features and Intention to Visit

The purpose of this study is to find out what themes and features of a tourist attraction are considered important by tourists, and whether or not these features influence their likelihood of visiting different types of attractions. First, for potential travelers to a rural destination, their likelihood of visiting different types of built tourist attractions was measured. Second, five attraction features (i.e., Experience, Cultural Value, Site Accessibility, Marketing, Leadership) were used to identify potential travelers’ preference. Finally, this study explored whether attraction features influenced potential travelers’ likelihood to visit different types of built attractions. The findings of this study can provide direction for the planning of cultural and heritage tourism

Electrically Small Loop Antenna for UHF Band RFID Tag

UHF band RFID tag antenna which has a similar radiation pattern of the electrically small loop antenna is presented. The structure of the proposed tag antenna is a small circular dipole array on the xy-plane, and the antenna is fed by inductively coupled loop to flow a uniform amplitude and in phased current along its circumference. Since its radiation pattern has an omnidirectional pattern in the xy-plane, the proposed tag antenna can reduce the interference among adjacent tag antennas arranged parallel to xy-plane

Lamellar keratoplasty using position-guided surgical needle and M-mode optical coherence tomography

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is an emerging surgical technique for the restoration of corneal clarity and vision acuity. The big-bubble technique in DALK surgery is the most essential procedure that includes the air injection through a thin syringe needle to separate the dysfunctional region of the cornea. Even though DALK is a well-known transplant method, it is still challenged to manipulate the needle inside the cornea under the surgical microscope, which varies its surgical yield. Here, we introduce the DALK protocol based on the position-guided needle and M-mode optical coherence tomography (OCT). Depth-resolved 26-gage needle was specially designed, fabricated by the stepwise transitional core fiber, and integrated with the swept source OCT system. Since our device is feasible to provide both the position information inside the cornea as well as air injection, it enables the accurate management of bubble formation during DALK. Our results show that real-time feedback of needle end position was intuitionally visualized and fast enough to adjust the location of the needle. Through our research, we realized that position-guided needle combined with M-mode OCT is a very efficient and promising surgical tool, which also to enhance the accuracy and stability of DALK

Liquid crystal display using combined fringe and in-plane electric fields

A high performance liquid crystal display using combined fringe and in-plane horizontal electric fields is proposed. The strong electric fields cause more liquid crystals to reorient almost in plane above and between the pixel electrodes. As a result, the operation voltage is lower and transmittance is higher than those of fringe field switching and in-plane switching modes, while preserving a wide viewing angle. Such a high performance device is particularly attractive for large panel liquid crystal displays

Causes and effects of 2008 financial crisis

Beginning in the mid 2007’s the US financial market started to slide into the “worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the early 1930’s” (Thakor, 2015: p.156). The domino effect of several events and occasions were leading first to a countrywide recession in the USA then later spreading globally. In the following this term paper will deal with the main causes and effects of 2008 financial crisis. Unlike other topics in literature there is no consensus about the question of guilt in this sense. Among economists there are different approaches to explain the main causes of the financial crisis