Over 10% efficient wide bandgap CIGSe solar cells on transparent substrate with Na predeposition treatment

With the recent rise of new photovoltaic applications, it has become necessary to develop specific optoelectronic properties for thin‐film technologies such as Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and to take advantage of their high degree of tunability. The feasibility of efficient wide bandgap absorbers on transparent conductive oxide substrates is, in that context, of critical importance. Using an original approach based on a predeposition sodium treatment, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers fabricated by sputtering and reactive annealing with a Ga to (Ga + In) content over 0.7 and an optical bandgap above 1.4 eV are deposited on transparent fluorine‐doped tin oxide films, with the insertion of an ultrathin MoSe2 layer preserving the contact's ohmicity. Different material characterizations are carried out, and a thorough Raman analysis of the absorber reveals that the sodium pretreatment significantly enhances the Ga incorporation into the chalcopyrite matrix, along with markedly improving the film's morphology and crystalline quality. This translates to a spectacular boost of the photovoltaic performance for the resulting solar cell as compared with a reference device without Na, specifically in the voltage and fill factor. Eventually, an efficiency exceeding 10% is obtained without antireflection coating, a record value bridging the gap with the state of the art on nontransparent substrates

Formation et migration des dunes de sable (: Etudes expérimentales des processus d'érosion, d'avalanches et du transport éolien)

Le travail mené dans cette thèse se présente sous la forme d'études expérimentales des processus d'érosion, de transport et d'avalanches relatifs à la migration et la formation des dunes. Il est divisé en deux grandes parties : La première retrace les résultats d'un ensemble d'expériences et de mesures effectuées sur un champ de dunes dans le nord de la Mauritanie. Ces mesures et observations ont été effectuées sur une période de six mois, dans l'optique d'analyser le transport éolien au coeur du champ de dunes et le mode de déplacement de celles-ci. Cette étude a été complétée par des expériences réalisées en soufflerie pour étudier l'érosion d'un tas de sable en mode contrôlé. La deuxième partie concerne des expériences faites en laboratoire sur des écoulements de grains sur plan incliné, dans une configuration bi-dimensionnelle. Nous avons étudié entre autres les processus dynamiques d'érosion et d'accrétion lors d'avalanches dans ce type d'écoulementRENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Barchan dune mobility in Mauritania related to dune and interdune sand fluxes

International audience[1] We present a 1 year study of 50 dunes in a small field of barchan dunes in Mauritania. We documented the morphological evolution of the dunes and their migration rates and measured at 10 min intervals the interdune sand transport, the wind strength, and its direction for the same interval of time. The dune heights H0 range between 2 and 5 m, and their celerity c is found to be well approximated by the standard migration law: c = Q0/H0, with Q0 ≈ 50 m3/m yr. From both the interdune sand flux and the migration rate of the dunes we were able to estimate the spatially averaged sand flux at the dune crest as well as the bulk sand flux associated with the mass of sand transported by the dune. We found that the sand flux at the crest was about 3 times greater than the interdune mass transport rate, whereas the bulk sand flux was surprisingly of the same order as the interdune flux. Moreover, we analyzed carefully the interdune sand transport data, which can be well described by the Sorensen law. The cumulative mass of sand transported during moderate wind events within 1 year was much greater than that transported during strong wind events