Surgical Site Infection with and without Prophylatic Antibiotic in Children undergoing Elecltive Inguinal Herniotomy

Objective: This study was aimed at determining the frequency of surgical site infection in children undergoing elective inguinal herniotomy with and without prophylactic antibiotic. Study design: Prospective comparative study. Settings: Pediatric surgery Department, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur. Study duration: From 1st February 2020 to 31th March 2021. Methodology: One hundred and sixty patients selected for this study and were equally divided into two groups. Group A received antibiotic prophylaxis (Injection ceftriaxone 50mg/kg) before the induction of general anesthesia, whereas Group P received placebo before the induction of general anesthesia. Demographic data and duration of surgery was noted on a proforma. Surgical procedure was carried out following standard surgical protocols. Post-operatively all patients were observed by an independent observer. Patients were observed for post-operative fever, inflammation of the surgical site and discharge from the site of incision. Wound was examined on 1st, 3rd, 7th and 30th post-operative day. For labeling Surgical Site Infection, Center of Disease criteria was followed. Results: Demographic data of both groups was comparable. Mean duration of surgery in group A was 29.61±7.47 minutes, while it was 32.97±8.73 minutes in group P with p-value of 0.08. Out of 160 patients, thirteen patients developed surgical site infection; 5 (6.25%) patients belonged to group A, while 8 (10%) belonged to group P with a p-value of 0.385. Conclusion: It is concluded in our study that use of prophylactic antibiotics in elective herniotomy cases performed in pediatric patients do not significantly decrease the incidence of Surgical Site Infection

Non-Operative Management of Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Children

Objective: To compare the efficacy of non-surgical conservative management with surgical management in cases of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children. Study design: Prospective comparative study. Settings: Pediatric surgery Department, --removed for blind review---- Study duration: 1st February 2020 to 31st May 2021. Methodology: Ninety patients of either gender with age range from 5-12 years, diagnosed as uncomplicated acute appendicitis, were divided in two groups. Group C patients were managed conservatively with antibiotics (ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg/day, amikacin 10mg/kg/day and metronidazole 22.5 mg/kg/day) and maintenance fluids were started. Patients were observed for improvement or any signs of deterioration. Those who deteriorated within 24 hours were management with surgical management immediately. Follow ups were carried out after discharge at 7th day, 1 month and six months. Patients reporting with recurrence of symptoms were managed with appendicectomy. Group S patients were managed with appendicectomy with open technique. Patients were observed for post-operative complications. Results: Demographic data of both groups was comparable. In group C, 34 (75.56%) patients were successfully treated with conservative management, whereas in group S, 39 (86.67%) were successfully treated with surgical management. The difference was insignificant with a p-value of 0.114. In group C, 5 (11.11%) patients did not respond to conservative management and they were managed with appendicectomy and recurrence of symptoms was seen in 6 (13.33%) patients in group C, they were also managed with appendicectomy. In group S, 6 (13.33%) patients suffered post-operative complications. Mean length of stay in hospital was 4.31±1.20 and 4.09±1.12 days in group C and S respectively. This difference was statistically insignificant with a p-value of 0.368. Conclusion:     It is concluded in our study that uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children can be successfully managed with non-surgical conservative management. Keywords: Acute appendicitis, Appendicectomy, Conservative management, Non-surgical management, Pediatric surgery, Uncomplicated acute appendicitis

Non-Operative Management of Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Children

Objective: To compare the efficacy of non-surgical conservative management with surgical management in cases of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children. Study design: Prospective comparative study. Settings: Pediatric surgery Department, --removed for blind review---- Study duration: 1st February 2020 to 31st May 2021. Methodology: Ninety patients of either gender with age range from 5-12 years, diagnosed as uncomplicated acute appendicitis, were divided in two groups. Group C patients were managed conservatively with antibiotics (ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg/day, amikacin 10mg/kg/day and metronidazole 22.5 mg/kg/day) and maintenance fluids were started. Patients were observed for improvement or any signs of deterioration. Those who deteriorated within 24 hours were management with surgical management immediately. Follow ups were carried out after discharge at 7th day, 1 month and six months. Patients reporting with recurrence of symptoms were managed with appendicectomy. Group S patients were managed with appendicectomy with open technique. Patients were observed for post-operative complications. Results: Demographic data of both groups was comparable. In group C, 34 (75.56%) patients were successfully treated with conservative management, whereas in group S, 39 (86.67%) were successfully treated with surgical management. The difference was insignificant with a p-value of 0.114. In group C, 5 (11.11%) patients did not respond to conservative management and they were managed with appendicectomy and recurrence of symptoms was seen in 6 (13.33%) patients in group C, they were also managed with appendicectomy. In group S, 6 (13.33%) patients suffered post-operative complications. Mean length of stay in hospital was 4.31±1.20 and 4.09±1.12 days in group C and S respectively. This difference was statistically insignificant with a p-value of 0.368. Conclusion:     It is concluded in our study that uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children can be successfully managed with non-surgical conservative management. Keywords: Acute appendicitis, Appendicectomy, Conservative management, Non-surgical management, Pediatric surgery, Uncomplicated acute appendicitis

Offline printed Sindhi optical text recognition: survey

Optical Charter Recognition (OCR) applications are becoming more intensive than before and show great prospective for rapid data entry, but has limited success when applied to the Sindhi language. This paper summarize the general topic of optical character recognition and highlights the characteristics of Sindhi script. It also presents an historical review of the Sindhi text recognition systems. More this paper underlines the capabilities of different OCT=R systems, and then introduce a five stage model for off-line printed Sindhi text recognition system and classify research work according to this mode

Comparison of Body Composition Bio Electrical Impedance Analysis of Type-1 Diabetes vs. Non-Diabetes in Children and Adolescent

Background: Analyzing the body composition of children and adolescents with diabetes is becoming more and more popular. For managing weight changes that may emerge from treatment and evaluating treatment response, it is essential to comprehend the body composition of diabetic children. Objective: To compare body composition by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) among T1DM versus healthy children and adolescents in Pakistan. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was performed during Jan-March, 2023. Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents were enrolled from the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic of the National Institute of Child Health whereas healthy children and adolescents were enrolled from a nearby school to the hospital location. Evaluation of anthropometry indices and bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed after obtaining the consent of parents. Results: A total of 100 subjects were enrolled in the study, 50 each in the diabetic and healthy group. The mean age of participants was 10.4 ± 2.4 years. The majority of study subjects were females (61%). The mean duration of T1DM was 4.7 ± 0.8 years. Height (127.4 ± 11.7 versus 139.5 ± 15, p<0.001), Waist-hip ratio (0.8 ± 0.1 versus 0.7± 0.3, p=0.037) and resistance (686.2 ± 90.7 versus 651.1 ± 96.6, p=0.002) were significantly higher among T1DM group than healthy group. Percentage of muscle mass (45.1 ± 8.2 versus 50.3 ± 7.6, p=0.008), body cell mass (47.1 ± 3.8 versus 50.6 ± 4.5, p=0.045), reactance (56.3 ± 9.8 versus 62.4 ± 4.2, p=0.017) and phase angle (4.3 ± 0.9 versus 5.7 ± 0.6, p=0.012) were significantly lower in T1DM patients than healthy individuals. Conclusion: BIA analysis showed that body composition parameters and body functional status were lower among T1DM children and adolescents than in the healthy group in terms of resistance, reactance, and phase angle

Extraction and Analysis of Carbamate and Pyrethroid Pesticides in Tomatoes and Rice by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

This work aimed to explore common methods for the extraction of pesticide and to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography coupled with electron impact mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS). Extraction was conducted using QuEChERS and Liquid-Liquid (L-L). Calibration curve and standard addition curve were both plotted for different concentration of mixtures. Additionally, the efficiency of the QuEChERS extraction methods was examined by spiking the organic rice and tomato with standard mixture of pyrethroid and carbamate and applying the extraction. Results showed that, in general, carbamate species (especially the aliphatic types) were eluted at earlier times compared to pyrethroids species. Carbamates were more susceptible to degradation during GC separation compared to pyrethroids. A chromatographic resolution of 3.24 was obtained for the two permethrin isomers. Good linearity of the three quantitative methods (R2 > 0.99) were obtained for most compounds. Based on using the standard addition curve, the recovery for the different pyrethroid and carbamate compounds were determined.qscienc

Character Segmentation of Sindhi, an Arabic Style Scripting Language, using Height Profile Vector,

Abstract: In this paper, a problem of sub-word segmentation of printed Sindhi, an Arabic style scripting language, into characters is addressed. Printed or handwritten Sindhi text is cursive in nature. In the cursive writing, mostly the subsequent characters in a word are joined with each other. In the proposed segmentation algorithm, first of all, Height Profile Vector (HPV) of thinned primary stroke of a sub-word is calculated and analyzed for the segmentation into its constituent characters. The number and locations of possible segmentation points (PSP) are determined. The number of PSPs gives a rough estimation of the number of characters in the sub-word. The data around the last PSP is further analyzed to determine the exact number of characters in the sub-word. As the characters&apos; set of Sindhi is the superset set of Arabic characters&apos; set hence the proposed segmentation algorithm may be used for the segmentation of text written in other Arabic scripting languages