Phylogeography of E1b1b1b-M81 Haplogroup and Analysis of its Subclades in Morocco

In this work, we have analyzed a total of 295 unrelated Berber-speaking men from the northern, center and southern of Morocco, in order to characterize frequency of E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup and to refine the phylogeny of its subclades: E1b1b1b1-M107, E1b1b1b2-M183 and E1b1b1b2a-M165. For this purpose, we have typed four biallelic polymorphisms: M81, M107, M183 and M165. As results, a large majority of the Berber-speaking male lineages belong to the Y chromosomal E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup. The frequency ranged from 79.1 to 98.5% in all localities sampled. Then, the E1b1b1b2-M183 was the most dominant subclade in our samples, which ranged from 65.1% to 83.1%. In contrast, the E1b1b1b1-M107 and E1b1b1b2a-M165 subclades weren’t found in our samples. Our results suggest a predominance of E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup among Moroccan Berber-speaking male with a decreasing gradient from south to north. Then, the most prevalent subclade in this haplogroup was E1b1b1b2-M183 in which difference between these three groups was statistically significant between central and southern groups

Association of Spermatogenic Failure with the b2/b3 Partial AZFc Deletion

Infertility affects around 1 in 10 men and in most cases the cause is unknown. The Y chromosome plays an important role in spermatogenesis and specific deletions of this chromosome, the AZF deletions, are associated with spermatogenic failure. Recently partial AZF deletions have been described but their association with spermatogenic failure is unclear. Here we screened a total of 339 men with idiopathic spermatogenic failure, and 256 normozoospermic ancestry-matched men for chromosome microdeletions including AZFa, AZFb, AZFc, and the AZFc partial deletions (gr/gr, b1/b3 and b2/b3)

Phylogeography of E1b1b1b-M81 Haplogroup and Analysis of Its Subclades in Morocco

In this study we analyzed 295 unrelated Berber-speaking men from northern, central, and southern Morocco to characterize frequency of E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup and to refine the phylogeny of its subclades: E1b1b1b1-M107, E1b1b1b2-M183 and E1b1b1b2a-M165. For this purpose, we typed four biallelic polymorphisms: M81, M107, M183, and M165. A large majority of the Berber-speaking male lineages belong to the Y-chromosomal E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup. The frequency ranged from 79.1% to 98.5% in all localities sampled. E1b1b1b2-M183 was the most dominant subclade in our samples, ranging from 65.1% to 83.1%. In contrast, the E1b1b1b1-M107 and E1b1b1b2a-M165 subclades were not found in our samples. Our results suggest a predominance of E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup among Moroccan Berber-speaking male with a decreasing gradient from south to north. The most prevalent subclade in this haplogroup was E1b1b1b2-M183, for which differences among these three groups were statistically significant between central and southern groups

Effects of the grid geometry on the performances of a triode-type corona electrode system

International audienceThe triode-type electrode system is frequently employed for accurately controlling the corona charging of insulating materials. The primarily aim of this paper is to characterize the effects of grid geometry of the triode-type corona electrode system by current-voltage and current density distribution measurements. The ionizing element of the electrode system is a thin Tungsten wire (diameter: 200 μm) attached to a cylinder (diameter: 26 mm) and distanced at 34 mm from its axis. The wire-cylinder assembly is a “dual” electrode, facing a grid electrode, connected to a well-defined potential, and a grounded plate electrode. The geometry of the grid has a very significant influence on the current-voltage characteristics of the triode system, on the corona onset voltage value and on the repartition of the current density. The experimental results obtained for different geometries of the grid electrode system are interpreted in order to make some recommendations regarding its design

Morphological and physicochemical properties of dip-coated poly {(2,5-diyl pyrrole) [4-nitrobenzylidène]} (PPNB) thin films: towards photovoltaic applications

A new material: conjugated poly {(2,5-diyl pyrrole) [4-nitrobenzylidène]}, that we called (PPNB), has been synthesized and characterized. The cyclic voltammetry has been used in order to estimate first oxidation (Ep) and reduction (En) potentials of our polymer. These values have been assigned, respectively, to the position of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and determination of the energy band gap which have been estimated to be 6.16, 3.89 and 2.27 eV respectively. Energy levels values of the HOMO and LUMO of the PPNB polymeric donor material were evaluated and the results are compatible with an electron transfer to C60 within an eventual junction, such values show that PPNB could be probed for applications in organic solar cells as donor material. PPNB Thin films have been deposited by dip-coating technique from Dichloromethane solvent with different polymer concentrations, and a dipping speed of 3.0 cm/min. For morphological characterization of the films scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out. The samples, when observed by SEM, reveals that the films deposited are less dense, uniform. Cross-sectional SEM micrographs PPNB films show that thickness of the layers is homogeneous and has value of 35–40 nm. Optical characteristics of the polymer thin films were studied using UV-vis spectroscopy; absorption of wide range of wavelengths from 350 to 700 nm was observed. The optical band gap energy ranges between 1.9 eV and 1.94 eV. Based on these analyzes we realized heterojunction organic solar cells with the structure: ITO/Au/PPNB/C60/BCP/Al, the cells had a photovoltaique effect after J-V measuring, however the efficiency of photo generation under AM1.5 illumination was weak (about 0.02%) and needs to be improved

Novel variants of mitochondrial DNA associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Moroccan population

<p>In this study, we investigated the association of mtDNA variants and haplogroups with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Moroccan patients. The Hypervariable Segments 1 of the mtDNA was sequenced in 108 diabetic patients and 97 controls. Association analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test and multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of five mtDNA variants (C16187T, C16270T, T16172C, A16293G, and C16320T) was significantly higher in cases than in controls. Among these variants, only C16270T (<i>p</i> = .02) and C16320T (<i>p</i> = .03) remains significant after adjusting by age and gender. We showed that C16270T and C16320T variants were strongly associated with increased risk of T2D in Moroccan patients.</p