THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF A CASE OF CHRONIC MYOFACIAL PAIN

Myofacial pain is a common form of temporomandibular disorders. It is manifested by a sensory, motor and autonomous symptoms caused by trigger points. These pains can significantly affect patients’ quality of life, when they persist. Several etiological factors have been implicated in the genesis of the myofacial pain: muscle overload, emotional tension, harmful postural habits, fatigue, and hypovitaminosis... The diagnosis of myofacial pain is based on a pertinent history and clinical examination. Several therapeutic options alone or in combination have proven their effectiveness. This article aims, through a clinical case, to focus on myofacial pain, possible therapeutics, by focusing on the contribution of the occlusal appliance in the management of these pains

Some Biological Activities of Malaysian Leech Saliva Extract

Leeches were fed on the phagostimulatory solution through parafilm membrane. The satiated leeches were forced to regurgitate the solution by soaking them in an ice-container. The anticoagulant activity was ascertained using thrombin time assay (TT). The result revealed that the saliva concentration which increases TT by 100% (IC100) is 43.205µg/ml plasma. The antimicrobial activity of the saliva was tested against several bacterial spp. (E.coli, P.aeruginosa, B.cereus, Sal.typhi and S.aureus)  and fungi spp. (C.albicans and C.neoformans). It was found that saliva has an inhibition activity against Sal.typhi (minimal inhibitory concentration MIC 78.253µg/ml), S.aureus (MIC 78.253µg/ml) and E.coli (MIC 121.256µg/ml). ABSTRAK: Pacat-pacat diberi makan larutan phagostimulatory menerusi membran parafilem. Pacat-pacat yang kekenyangan itu dipaksa memuntahkan larutan tersebut dengan direndam di dalam bekas berisi ais. Aktiviti antigumpal ditentukan menggunakan cerakin masa trombin (TT). Keputusan menunjukkan kepekatan air liur pacat menyebabkan pertambahan TT sebanyak 100% (IC100) iaitu 43.205µg/ml plasma. Aktiviti antimikrob air liur telah diuji dengan pelbagai jenis bakteria (E.coli, P.aeruginosa, B.cereus, Sal.typhi dan S.aureus) dan pelbagai jenis kulat (C.albicans and C.neoformans). Didapati air liur menghasilkan aktiviti perencatan terhadap Sal.typhi (kepekatan perencat minima (Minimal inhibitory concentration - MIC) 78.253µg/ml), S.aureus (MIC 78.253µg/ml) dan E.coli (MIC 121.256µg/ml)

2013 年 9 月 第 11 卷 第 5 期 Chin

[ABSTRACT] The anticoagulant effect of leech saliva was traditionally employed in the treatment of diabetes mellitus complications such as peripheral vascular complications. This study was carried out to examine the effect of leech saliva extract (LSE) on blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. First, LSE was collected from leeches which were fed on a phagostimulatory solution. Second, total protein concentration was estimated using the Bradford assay. Third, diabetic rats were injected subcutaneously (sc) with LSE at doses of 500 and 1 000 µg·kg 1 body weight (bw). Other diabetic rats were injected sc with insulin at doses of 10 and 20 U·kg 1 bw. Another group was injected simultaneously with LSE (250 µg·kg 1 bw) and insulin (10 U·kg 1 bw). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations were monitored during a study period of eight hours at regular intervals. Findings showed that both doses of LSE resulted in a significant and gradual decrease in FBG starting from 10%−18% downfall after two hours of injection reaching the maximal reduction activity of 58% after eight hours. Remarkably, LSE was sufficient to bring the rats to a near norm-glycemic state. The high dose of insulin induced a severe hypoglycemic condition after 2−4 h of injection. The lower dose was able to decline FBG for 2−6 h in rats which became diabetic again after 8 h. On the other hand, the concurrent injection of low doses of LSE and insulin produced a hypoglycemic effect with all rats showing normal FBG levels. Taken together, these findings indicated that the subcutaneous injection of LSE of the medicinal Malaysian leech was able to provide better glycemic control compared with insulin. Moreover, the synergism between LSE and insulin suggests that LSE could be utilized as an adjuvant medication in order to reduce insulin dosage or to achieve better control of blood glucose

Effects of maternal linseed oil supplementation on oxidative stress markers in cafeteria diet induced obese rats

We investigated the role of dietary linseed oil in the modulation of biochemical parameters and oxidant/antioxidant markers in cafeteria-induced obese rats and their offspring. Female wistar rats were fed on control or cafeteria diet, supplemented or not with linseed oil (5%) for one month before and during the gestation. At parturition, the mothers and their offspring were killed. Weight gain, food intake, serum biochemical and oxidant/antioxidant markers were determined. Cafeteria diet induced a significant increase in body weight, food intake and adverse alterations in biochemical parameters such as an increase in serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and oxidant markers. Linseed oil supplementation induced a reduction in weight gain, serum lipids and a modulation of oxidative stress, improving metabolic status. In conclusions, linseed oil displayed remarkable health benefits by decreasing plasma and oxidant/antioxidant markers in both obese mothers and their newborns

Interrelations Between Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Obese Women with Two Complications (Hypertension, Diabetes)

Background and aims: Interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation has not been comprehensively investigated in the association obesity – diabetes - hypertension. Our aim was to investigate interrelations between inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in obese women with two complications (hypertension, type 2 diabetes)

In vitro effects of vitamins C and E, n-3 and n-6 PUFA and n-9 MUFA on placental cell function and redox status in type 1 diabetic pregnant women.

IF 2.972International audienceThe aim of this investigation was to determine the in vitro effects of vitamin C and E, n-3 and n-6 PUFA and n-9 MUFA on placental cell proliferation and function in type 1 diabetes. Placenta tissues were collected from 30 control healthy and 30 type 1 diabetic women at delivery. Placental cells were isolated and were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with vitamin C (50 μM), vitamin E (50 μM), n-3 PUFA (100 μM), n-6 PUFA (100 μM) or n-9 MUFA (100 μM). Cell proliferation, cell glucose uptake and intracellular oxidative status were investigated. Our results showed that basal placental cell proliferation, glucose uptake, malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl proteins were higher while intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase activities were lower in placentas from diabetic women as compared to controls. Vitamins C and E induced a modulation of placental cell proliferation and glucose consumption without affecting intracellular redox status in both diabetic and control groups. N-3 and n-6 PUFA diminished placental cell proliferation and enhanced intracellular oxidative stress while n-9 MUFA had no effects in the two groups. Co-administration of n-3 or n-6 PUFA and vitamin C or E were capable of reversing back the PUFA-decreased cell proliferation and normalizing placental cell function and redox status especially in diabetes. In conclusion, PUFA and antioxidant vitamin combinations may be beneficial in improving placenta function and in reducing placental oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic pregnancy

Consommation alimentaire de femmes enceintes obèses (Tlemcen, 2008-2010) [Food consumption of obese pregnant women (Tlemcen, 2008-2010)]

Résumé Introduction. L’obésité maternelle, caractérisée par des désordres nutritionnels, se traduit par des déséquilibres dans les apports en macro et/ou micronutriments, qui sont à l’origine de multiples troubles métaboliques maternels, mais aussi des répercussions sur l’unité foeto-placentaire. Objectif. L’objectif de ce travail est l’évaluation de la consommation alimentaire chez des femmes enceintes (témoins et obèses) de la région de Tlemcen, afin de contribuer à la connaissance des habitudes alimentaires chez les femmes au cours de leur grossesse. Matériel et méthodes. Cette étude a été réalisée, entre 2008 et 2010, sur des femmes enceintes (150 femmes normo-pondérées et 90 femmes obèses). L’enquête nutritionnelle comprend un questionnaire de rappel des 24 heures où la consommation journalière des principaux nutriments est estimée à l’aide d’un programme nutritionnel intégrant la composition des différents types d’aliments. Un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire (consommation moyenne des aliments groupés par famille) et un questionnaire Baromètre santé nutrition explorent les comportements alimentaires basés sur des repères de consommation équilibrée chez le groupe étudié. Résultats. L’enquête nutritionnelle révèle chez les femmes enceintes obèses une augmentation significative de l’apport énergétique total, conséquence d’une consommation excessive de nutriments riches en énergie (glucides simples, acides gras saturés et cholestérol). L’évaluation des apports en micronutriments montre une surconsommation de sodium et de potassium et une carence en calcium, vitamines C, E, B9 et B12. De plus, l’évaluation qualitative a révélé que l’obésité maternelle est marquée par des altérations de la consommation alimentaire habituelle. Conclusion. L’obésité maternelle pré-gestationnelle est associée à de multiples troubles nutritionnels néfastes pour le déroulement de la grossesse mais aussi responsables d’anomalies du développement fœtal. Une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire des femmes obèses, avant et pendant leur grossesse, est nécessaire à l’instauration d’une meilleure prévention nutritionnelle des pathologies liées à l’obésité dans la politique de santé publique.[Abstract Introduction. Maternal obesity, characterized by nutritional disorders, results in imbalanced macro and/or micronutrient intakes, which are at the origin of multiple maternal metabolic disorders, but also the repercussions on the foeto-placental unit. Objective. The objective of this study was assess the dietary consumption in pregnant women (controls and obeses) of the region of Tlemcen, to contribute to the knowledge of the dietary habits among women during their pregnancy. Material and methods. This study was conducted between 2008 and 2010, on pregnant women (150 with normal weight and 90 obese). The nutrition survey included a 24-hour recall questionnaire, where daily consumption of the main nutrients was estimated using a nutritional program incorporating the composition of different types of food. A food frequency questionnaire (average consumption of food grouped by family) and a health barometer nutrition questionnaire explored eating behaviors based on benchmarks of balanced consumption in the group studied. Results. The nutrition survey revealed that obese pregnant women had a significant increase in total energy intake, resulting of excessive consumption of energy-rich nutrients (simple carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol). The micronutrient intakes showed an overconsumption of sodium and potassium, and a deficiency of calcium, vitamins C, E, B9 and B12. In addition, the qualitative evaluation revealed that maternal obesity was marked by alterations in usual food consumption. Conclusion. Pre-gestational maternal obesity is associated with multiple nutritional disorders that are harmful for the pregnancy course, but also responsible for abnormalities in fetal development. Multidisciplinary care of obese women, before and during their pregnancy, is necessary for a better nutritional prevention of obesity-related pathologies in public health policy.

Espace biofonctionnel et mise en condition tissulaire : quelles perspectives en prothèse amovible complète ?

Face à une fibromuqueuse lésée ne pouvant plus assurer son rôle vis-à-vis du tissu osseux et à des organes périprothétiques ayant diminué l’espace potentiel réservé à la prothèse, une mise en condition tissulaire, plus ou moins longue, s’impose dans la majorité des cas. Cette remise en condition tissulaire devra répondre à certains critères pour être efficace : rétablissement d’une dimension verticale correcte, réalisation d’une occlusion balancée et bases prothétiques suffisamment étendues pour soutenir le matériau de mise en condition tissulaire. Les résines plastiques à prise retardée utilisées dans ce type de traitement ont pour but d’assurer une répartition harmonieuse des charges occlusales afin de permettre la guérison des tissus lésés et l’obtention d’une extension des surfaces d’appui secondaires [1, 2]. L’objectif de cet article est de mettre l’accent, à travers un cas clinique, sur l’aspect thérapeutique des arcades complètement édentées et fortement résorbées présentant une altération de l’espace biofonctionnel, ce qui met en jeu la rétention et la stabilité des prothèses complètes, surtout mandibulaires

The effects of alpha-cypermethrin exposure on biochemical and redox parameters in pregnant rats and their newborns

IF 2.388International audiencePyrethroid insecticides are extensively used in agriculture and in household activities. During pregnancy, they might affect maternal metabolic status and there after fetal development. In this work, we studied metabolic and redox effects of low dose alpha-cypermethrin exposure in pregnant rats and their offspring. The diet containing alpha cypermethrin at 0.02 mg/kg/day was consumed during the entire gestation. Plasma biochemical parameters as well as liver lipid and oxidative stress markers were determined. Our results showed that alpha-cypermethrin induced an increase in body weight and in plasma glucose and lipid levels, as well as in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities in pregnant rats and their newborns. Pregnant rats showed cellular oxidative stress and altered oxidant antioxidant status when treated by the insecticide and these disturbances were also seen in their newborns. In conclusion, low dose alpha-cypermethrin exposure induced several metabolic and redox alterations leading to maternal physiological impairments and to fetal metabolic changes. Alpha-cypermethrin should be used with caution especially during pregnancy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Starvation Time and Successive Collection Effects on Leeches Saliva Collection Quantity and Proteins Quality and Quantity in Wet Season

The salivary gland secretion of the haematophagous animals, leeches, has attracted the attention of therapists since the extreme old ages due to its wide range of medical properties. Thus, many researches have been done to develop and optimize new methods to collect leech saliva with high quality and quantity. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of starvation period and repeated collection on the quality and quantity of leech saliva extract LSE and its contents of proteins during the rainy season. Protein recovery in the LSE was also studied after first collection. It was found that leeches are able to produce protein-containing saliva whenever fed during the whole study period of 18 weeks with varied protein concentrations. The results showed that the highest protein concentrations (105-91 μg/mL) were produced after 12-15 weeks of starvation. The results of successive collection showed that leeches are able to produce proteins and peptides whenever they suck the solution after first collection with some varies in the concentrations. The concentrations varied between 0 and 72% of the initial concentration. Gel electrophoresis results showed absence for some bands when the concentrations are too low. Also the results showed that leeches are able to recover about 42% of their initial proteins concentration within four weeks of starvation after first feeding. The gel electrophoresis results showed the closeness between the first and second collections. To conclude, all test factors (starvation period, successive collection and recovery test) were shown to have an important impact on protein concentration of leech saliva and therefore its medicinal affectivity. The mentioned results are reported for the first time and they open the gate for further studies