5,299 research outputs found

    Rapport sur la formation des professeurs des disciplines scientifiques

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    Le prĂ©sent rapport a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© Ă  la demande des dĂ©cideurs du MinistĂšre de l’Education National et de la Formation Professionnel. Dans ce rapport, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© certains aspects de la formation des professeurs pour l’enseignement des disciplines scientifiques et plus particuliĂšrement les sciences de la nature telles que la Physique-Chimie et les Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre.Les aptitudes professionnelles et acadĂ©miques nĂ©cessaires Ă  l’enseignement des sciences sont rappelĂ©es. Ces aptitudes impliquent une connaissance tant thĂ©orique qu’expĂ©rimentale de la discipline Ă  enseigner. Enfin, nous avons mis en avant des propositions concernant la sĂ©lection des futurs professeurs de sciences, ainsi que leur formation dans les Centres RĂ©gionaux des MĂ©tiers de l’Education et de la Formation

    Corps étranger iléo-caecal mimant une maladie de Crohn: rapport de cas

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    L'ingestion du corps Ă©tranger est une situation frĂ©quente en gastro-entĂ©rologie, cependant la localisation ilĂ©o-caecale reste trĂšs rare. L'objectif de ce travail Ă©tait de rapporter le cas exceptionnel d'un corps Ă©tranger ilĂ©o-caecal rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© par des syndromes sub-occlusifs. Il s'agit d'un patient ĂągĂ© de 22 ans sans antĂ©cĂ©dents pathologiques notables, qui s'est prĂ©sentĂ© avec un syndrome de Koening Ă©voluant dans un contexte d'altĂ©ration de l'Ă©tat gĂ©nĂ©ral. Le diagnostic d'un Ă©paississement ilĂ©o-caecal inflammatoire rĂ©actionnel Ă  un corps Ă©tranger est posĂ© grĂące Ă  l'Ă©tude anatomo-pathologique d'une piĂšce opĂ©ratoire de rĂ©section ilĂ©o-caecale aprĂšs que l'endoscopie, l'histologie des biopsies et l'imagerie scannographique Ă©taient non contributives. En l'absence d'orientation anamnestique, la localisation ilĂ©o-caecale d'un corps Ă©tranger pose un rĂ©el problĂšme de diagnostic diffĂ©rentiel avec les pathologies inflammatoires, infectieuses et tumorales du carrefour ilĂ©o-caecal. Elle peut ĂȘtre rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e par des complications Ă  type d'occlusion ou de perforation oĂč l'imagerie tient une place primordiale. L'endoscopie joue toujours un rĂŽle diagnostique et thĂ©rapeutique essentiel dans la prise en charge des corps Ă©trangers ingĂ©rĂ©s limitant ainsi la morbiditĂ© chirurgicale quoique celle-ci demeure parfois incontournable et l'Ă©tude anatomo-pathologique met en Ă©vidence un granulome Ă  corps Ă©tranger constituĂ©. Le corps Ă©tranger ilĂ©o-caecal est une situation rarement rapportĂ©e et doit dorĂ©navant ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© devant toute symptomatologie du carrefour ilĂ©o-caecal afin d'Ă©viter au patient les effets secondaires et les complications des traitements lourds

    Tuberculose recto-colique mimant une maladie de Crohn : A propos de deux cas: Recto-colic tuberculosis mimicking Crohn’s disease: About two cases

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    Recto-colic tuberculosis is rare. Its diagnosis remains a challenge for the practitioner because of the non-specificity of the symptoms mimicking Crohn’s disease and the difficulty of interpreting paraclinical tests results, some of which are financially inaccessible. We are reporting two cases of recto-colic tuberculosis, explaining the diagnostic difficulty to distinguish this from Crohn’s disease and are shedding the light on the infectious risks of immunosuppressive therapies. La tuberculose recto-colique est trĂšs rare. Son diagnostic demeure un dĂ©fi pour le praticien en raison de la non spĂ©cificitĂ© des symptĂŽmes mimant souvent la maladie de Crohn et la difficultĂ© d’interprĂ©tation des examens complĂ©mentaires dont certains sont inaccessibles financiĂšrement. Nous rapportons deux cas de tuberculose recto-colique, expliquons la difficultĂ© diagnostique de la distinguer de la maladie de Crohn et attirons l’attention aux risques infectieux accompagnant la prescription des traitements immunosuppresseurs

    Religious Concepts in Organ Transplantation

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    Beside cultural, social, and educational issues, religious beliefs are assumed to play a significant role on the attitude towards organ transplantation much more often than clinicians believe. At the same time, health-care providers may lack sufficient knowledge on religious issues pertaining to transplantation

    Human-Induced Geo-Hazards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Distribution, Investigation, Causes and Impacts

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    Different types of geological hazards are induced by human activities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). These geological hazards include land subsidence and earth fissures, sinkholes, expansive soils, and flash floods. A wide variety of recent geological hazards have been reported in several areas, causing significant human and property losses. Human activities, most notably groundwater extraction, infrastructure development, and agricultural activities, have induced unstable conditions. This chapter provides an overview of the human-induced geological hazard in the KSA, mainly earth fissures and sinkhole, which represent a scarcely explored topic. This work identifies the main types of human-induced geological-hazard formations, distribution, causes, and impacts, illustrated through several case studies in the KSA

    Review: Current trends in coral transplantation – an approach to preserve biodiversity

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    Ammar MSA,El-Gammal F, Nassar M, Belal A, Farag W, El-Mesiry G, El-Haddad K, Orabi A, Abdelreheem A, Shaaban A. 2013. Review: Current trends in coral transplantation – an approach to preserve biodiversity. Biodiversitas 14: 43-53. The increasing rates of coral mortality associated with the rise in stress factors and the lack of adequate recovery worldwide have urged recent calls for actions by the scientific, conservation, and reef management communities. This work reviews the current trends in coral transplantation. Transplantation of coral colonies or fragments, whether from aqua-, mariculture or harvesting from a healthy colony, has been the most frequently recommended action for increasing coral abundance on damaged or degraded reefs and for conserving listed or “at-risk” species. Phytoplanktons are important for providing transplanted corals with complex organic compounds through photosynthesis. Artificial surfaces like concrete blocks, wrecks or other purpose-designed structures can be introduced for larval settlement. New surfaces can also be created through electrolysis. Molecular biological tools can be used to select sites for rehabilitation by asexual recruits. Surface chemistry and possible inputs of toxic leachate from artificial substrates are considered as important factors affecting natural recruitment. Transplants should be carefully maintained , revisited and reattached at least weekly in the first month and at least fortnightly in the next three months. Studies on survivorship and the reproductive ability of transplanted coral fragments are important for coral reef restoration. A coral nursery may be considered as a pool for local species that supplies reef-managers with unlimited coral colonies for sustainable management. Transplanting corals for making artificial reefs can be useful for increasing biodiversity, providing tourist diving, fishing and surfing; creating new artisanal and commercial fishing opportunities, colonizing structures by fishes and invertebrates), saving large corals during the construction of a Liquified Natural Gas Plant

    Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, transforming growth factor-ÎČ1 and lymphotoxin-α genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis

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    AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis is a widely prevalent autoimmune disorder with suggested genetic predisposition.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to detect the pattern of genetic polymorphism of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677 T and A1298 C), transforming growth factor-ÎČ1 (TGF-ÎČ1 T869 C) and lymphotoxin-α (LT-α A252G) in patients having rheumatoid arthritis and correlate these patterns to disease activity and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), B-Cell Activating Factor (BAFF), and osteopontin.MethodsA total of 194 subjects, 90 controls and 104 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were genotyped for MTHFR C677 T and A1298 C, TGF-ÎČ1 T869 C and LT-α A252G polymorphisms using a methodology based on PCR-RFLP. Also serum levels of TNF-α, osteopontin and BAFF were measured by ELISA kits.ResultsThe CT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677 T and GG genotype and G allele of LT-α A252G are associated with the risk of RA and with higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.ConclusionOur findings suggest that there is association between MTHFR C677 T and LT-α A252G genes polymorphisms and increased risk of RA in this sample of Egyptian population

    Polimorfismos dos genes metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase, fator de crescimento transformador ÎČ1 e linfotoxina‐α e susceptibilidade Ă  artrite reumatoide

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    ResumoAntecedentesA artrite reumatoide Ă© uma doença autoimune amplamente prevalente com sugerida predisposição genĂ©tica.ObjetivosDetectar o padrĂŁo de polimorfismo dos genes metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR C677T e A1298C), fator de crescimento transformador ÎČ1 (TGF‐ÎČ1 T869C) e linfotoxina‐α (LT‐α A252G) em pacientes com artrite reumatoide e correlacionar esses padrĂ”es com a atividade da doença e os nĂ­veis sĂ©ricos de fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF‐α), fator ativador de linfĂłcitos B (BAFF) e osteopontina.MĂ©todosForam genotipados 194 indivĂ­duos – 90 controles e 104 com artrite reumatoide – Ă  procura de polimorfismos dos genes MTHFR C677T e A1298C, TGF‐ÎČ1 T869C e LT‐α A252G com uma metodologia baseada na PCR‐RFLP. Mensuraram‐se tambĂ©m os nĂ­veis sĂ©ricos de TNF‐α, osteopontina e BAFF com kits de Elisa.ResultadosO genĂłtipo CT e o alelo T do MTHFR C677T e o genĂłtipo GG e alelo G do LT‐α A252G estĂŁo associados ao risco de AR e a nĂ­veis mais elevados da citocina pró‐inflamatĂłria TNF‐α em pacientes com artrite reumatoide.ConclusĂŁoOs achados do presente estudo sugerem que hĂĄ associação entre os polimorfismos dos genes MTHFR C677T e LT‐α A252G e um risco aumentado de AR nessa amostra da população egĂ­pcia.AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis is a widely prevalent autoimmune disorder with suggested genetic predisposition.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to detect the pattern of genetic polymorphism of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C), transforming growth factor‐ÎČ1 (TGF‐ÎČ1 T869C) and lymphotoxin‐α (LT‐α A252G) in patients having rheumatoid arthritis and correlate these patterns to disease activity and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), B‐Cell Activating Factor (BAFF), and osteopontin.MethodsA total of 194 subjects, 90 controls and 104 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were genotyped for MTHFR C677T and A1298C, TGF‐ÎČ1 T869C and LT‐α A252G polymorphisms using a methodology based on PCR‐RFLP. Also serum levels of TNF‐α, osteopontin and BAFF were measured by ELISA kits.ResultsThe CT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677T and GG genotype and G allele of LT‐α A252G are associated with the risk of RA and with higher levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine, TNF‐α in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.ConclusionOur findings suggest that there is association between MTHFR C677T and LT‐α A252G genes polymorphisms and increased risk of RA in this sample of Egyptian population

    Vitamins D, C, and E in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress

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    The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, and certain population subgroups are especially vulnerable to the disease. To reduce T2DM risk and progression at the population level, preventative strategies are needed that can be implemented on a population-wide scale with minimal cost and effort. Chronic low-grade inflammation resulting from oxidative stress and imbalances in the innate immune system has been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance – critical stages in the development and progression of T2DM. Therefore, inflammation may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of T2DM, and reducing it via modulation of oxidative stress and the innate immune response could lead to a status of improved insulin sensitivity and delayed disease onset. Dietary supplementation with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutritional factors, such as micronutrients, might present a novel strategy toward the prevention and control of T2DM at the population level. This review examines current knowledge linking oxidation, inflammatory signaling pathways, and vitamin supplementation or intake to the risk of T2DM. The concept that micronutrients, via attenuation of inflammation, could be employed as a novel preventive measure for T2DM is evaluated in the context of its relevance to public health
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