Effect of Foliar Applied Urea on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivium L.)

The aim of this study is to assess effect of foliar application of urea on growth and yield of wheat crop. The field experiment was conducted to observe the effect of foliar applied urea on growth and yield of wheat. The experiment was laid out in a three replicated randomized complete block design (RCBD) having net plot size 5×4m= (20 m2). The wheat verity TJ-83 (Tando Jam-83) was tested against six treatments of foliar applied urea such as (T1= control (sole water), T2=1%, T3= 2%, T4=3%, T5=4%, and T6=5%). Basal dose of phosphorus @ 84 kg ha1 and nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 was applied at the time of sowing. The results indicated that the maximum plant height (97.1 cm), number of tillers plant-1 (10.0), spike length (12.4 cm), spikeletes spike-1 (22.5) number of grains spike-1 (65.4), grain weight spike-1 (26.4) seed index (73.2 g), straw yield (6275.3 kg ha-1) and  grain yield (5774.6 kg ha-1) was observed in foliar applied urea @ 5%. The results were statistically significant. However, foliar applied urea @ 4% was ranked 2nd and it was recorded the plant height (96.2 cm), number of tillers plant-1 (20.4), spike length (12.0 cm), spikeletes spike-1 (21.8) number of grains spike-1 (63.9), grain weight spike-1 (25.3) seed index (71.7 g), straw yield (6035.3 kg ha-1) and grain yield (5534. 6 kg ha-1). However the foliar applied urea @ 3%, 2% and 1% were also significantly affected on all the growth and yield traits of wheat, whereas, the lowest values were also recorded in control treatment in all the yield traits of wheat

Determinants of Energy Inflation in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

Energy inflation has remained a significant topic in macroeconomic policy for the past few decades. This is due to several reasons pertaining to both demand and supply sides. In addition, the history of energy prices has also been characterised by extreme volatilities, Hamilton (2008). This makes forecasting and modelling of energy prices difficult, nevertheless it is important to model and forecast energy prices in all economies. In this paper we have tried to identify the determinants of energy inflation in Pakistan. Energy products are a critical component in any economy, serving as a core input, particularly in manufacturing industries. Moreover, the demand for energy and fuel comes from households fuelling cars and kitchens for which other alternatives are not easily available. This renders the demand inelastic compared to any other good [Edelstein and Kilian (2009)], making economies vulnerable to supply and price shocks. The energy price inflation therefore through cost push inflation and demand-pull inflation has a major impact on core inflation itself, thereby playing a significant role in macroeconomic health of a country. As predicted by Ben Bernanke for the US in 2006, “in the long run energy prices can reduce the productive capacity of US economy if high energy costs make businesses less willing to invest new capital”. The nature of the energy market itself creates a major gap between the oil consumers and oil producers. Whilst demand is inelastic everywhere, supply is limited and is difficult to increase, and confined to certain regions on Earth. This is true particularly for two of the most common energy types: oil and gasoline. The supply of oil is controlled by a few countries, and supply shocks therefore lead to an immediate surge in prices

III-nitride nanostructured photo-electrodes for enhanced solar-powered hydrogen generation

The last two decades have seen some major breakthrough in developing III-nitride semiconductor materials and devices, leading to high efficient III-nitride based emitters for solid state lighting represented by InGaN based blue emitters. This also led to the award of the Nobel Prize in 2014. III-nitride semiconductors (GaN and its alloys such as InGaN) exhibit a wide range of bandgap from 3.4 eV of GaN to 0.69 eV of InN, incorporating the whole visible spectral range and thus matching the solar spectrum very well. As a result, III-nitrides can be employed for the fabrication of solar energy devices potentially with high conversion efficiency. Solar-powered water splitting would be the most promising approach towards the solar energy conversion into renewable and storable energy. However, so far there are only a limited number of reports using III-nitrides. My research projects concentrated on a number of prototypes of GaN based photoelectrodes featuring nanostructures which have been designed and then fabricated, leading to a step-change in conversion efficiency

Acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinopathy: A case report

A 25-year-old male presented with a complaint of acute visual loss in his right eye for two days. There was a history of visual loss in the left eye six months ago. Comprehensive eye examination showed evidence of posterior uveitis, and a placoid lesion on the right fundus. Further physical examination showed maculopapular rashes on the upper back which was highly suggestive of syphilis. Blood tests for venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test were ordered, which were both positive. Ocular syphilis should be suspected in all cases of uveitis. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics can prevent permanent visual loss

Investigating Strategies to Improve English Oral Communication Skills Among Undergrads at Mehran UET, Jamshoro

An Oral Communication (OC) plays a significant role in our day-to-day life. It has been considered as a life changing tool of the conversation. In academia,it is given a primary importance. (OC) is a two-dimensional work and it includes both listening and speaking simultaneously. This paper aims to investigate strategies, impacting students’ oral English communication performance and to make them effective and fluent speaker of English language.In this thesis, the researcher introduced many strategies to help students to improve their speaking skills of English language which actually comprises oral communication. First the study attempted to develop the questionnaire for statistical analysis named strategies for oral communication which was then classified as strategies for speaking skills. There were nine strategies of speaking. The research project was based on close-ended questionnaire for speaking and composed in a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 strongly agree (SA) 2 agree (A) 3 Neutral (N) 4 strongly disagree (SD) 5 disagree (D).The target population for this study were the 132 students of Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh. The research contains sequential mixed method for the collection of data that is based on both quantitative data, that was collected from students through questionnaire and the qualitative data that was collected from 5 English language teachers of MUET, Jamshoro.  The data was analyzed in grand percentage, mean and standard deviations. To validate the use of the instrument, participant reports on the Strategy for oral communication were compared with the result of the OCS. It was revealed that students with high or low oral proficiency tended to use these particular strategies, such as social affective strategies, fluency-oriented strategies, negotiation of meaning and etc.Some of these strategies can directly influence their effectiveness of learning communication skills of English, but some do not have direct influence on oralcommunication skills of English. Understanding these strategies and their impact would enable both instructors and students to improve their teaching, learning environment as well as methodology. Keywords: Communication Strategies, survey research (sequential mixed method), speaking skills, high proficiency, and low proficiency. Investigating Strategies to improve English oral Communication skills among undergrads at Mehran UET, Jamshoro DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/79-05 Publication date:May 31st 2021

PICRIC ACID; AN ALTERNATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC REAGENT FOR ESTIMATION OF EDTA SALTS

There are many reagents and techniques by which EDTA can be estimated in water as well as in Raw material. We standardized more quick and easy method for EDTA estimation. It has been reported that PA forms charge transfer complex with compounds. The stability of charge transfer complex depends upon the nature of compound, but mostly these are unstable. PA and EDTA complex show absorbance maximum at 450nm. The aim of our present study was to standardize an alternative method to estimate EDTA in water sample and in pure form by using the complex absorbance property at 450 nm. The 8,12,18,20 and 24 ppm concentration levels were prepared from standard stock solution of EDTA. PA of concentration 0.5gm in 100ml was prepared in chloroform. In each flask 1ml of PA was added and make up the volume of each flask with acetonitrile. The Standard plot was prepared by using EDTA -SALT and recorded Optical density at 450nm (Fig 01). The concentration level of PA was always high then EDTA-SALT in reaction mixture. However excess PA did not interfere at this wave length (450nm).  The EDTA alone Did not show any absorbance in the range of 220 – 400 nm, but EDTA-PA complex showed an absorbance maximum at 450nm(Fig-02).We also checked the necessary optimization factors time ,temperature  and solvent effect, which are directly or indirectly effect the stability and formation of EDTA-PA complex. Stability study of complex with time, temperature and Solvent Effect are represented respectively in Fig 03, Fig 04 and Fig 05

Functional outcome of crossed Kirschner wire fixation in pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture

Background: Distal humeral fractures are one of the most common types of fractures in children, most of them being supracondylar. Supracondylar fractures are usually caused by trauma, most likely falls. It is an emergency, requiring rapid diagnosis and management to avoid serious complications. Recommended treatment modalities vary from no reduction and immobilization to open reduction and internal fixation. Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation of displaced supracondylar fractures after closed reduction is a preferred method and is being performed for over 50 years now. This study was conducted to determine the functional outcome of crossed K-wire fixation in pediatric supracondylar fracture.Methods: This prospective study was conducted from May-November 2018 at the department of Orthopedics, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. It was inferred that functional outcome of pediatric displaced supracondylar humeral fractures is satisfactory when managed with percutaneous crossed K-wire fixation. It included 83 children with supracondylar fractures. They were treated with percutaneous crossed K-wire fixation. Patients were then followed up to determine satisfactory functional outcome according to Flynn’s criteria. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS 21.0.Results: Eight-three patients were included. The mean±standard deviation age of this study population was 7.03±3.39 years. Out of the study participants, 47 (56.6%) were males and 36 (43.4%) were females. 71.1% of the patients were of Gartland class II fractures and 28.9% were of Gartland class III. 43.4% had an injury due to fall while playing while 19.3% had fallen from height. 80.7% were found to have a satisfactory functional outcome.Conclusions: It was inferred that the functional outcome of pediatric displaced supracondylar humeral fractures is satisfactory when managed with percutaneous crossed K-wire fixation