Configuring foreign market knowledge and opportunity recognition capabilities to predict the performance of export-manufacturing firms

Export-manufacturing firms survive and ultimately succeed when they can accumulate, harvest,and utilise foreign knowledge to better marshal the capabilities to recognise opportunities. Prior studies are replete with a single solution by combining foreign market knowledge (FMK) and firm performance. A shift from contingent theory to the configurational approach suggests that there are multiple solutions available to achieve intended outcomes. Based on the equifinality assumption, we configure FMK in conjunction with opportunity recognition capabilities to predict performance. In total, 382 export-manufacturing firms were investigated by employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). Salient findings suggest that young firms achieve superior performance from foreign business and institutional knowledge by enhancing opportunity exploration capability, whereas mature firms succeed from internationalisation knowledge and nurturing opportunity exploitation capability. The study is one of which that contributes to the methodology by introducing fsQCA and NCA in the knowledge management literature

Photoelectric properties of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector based on porous silicon

Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector was fabricated on a Porous silicon (PS) layer that was prepared using photo electrochemical etching (PEC). The surface morphology of the PS was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The I-V characteristics under dark and illuminated conditions and the responsivity of Pt-PS-Si heterostructures were investigated. The device exhibited that photogeneration in heterojunction happens in each of the regions of the porous Si film and Si substrate. The MSM photodetector exhibited sensitivity of 3.22×102 as well as inner gain of 4.22 when exposed to tungsten lamp at 5 V. The photodetector also shows good repeatability when illuminated with 460 nm (7 W/cm2) chopped light and the saturation current increased as the voltage increase

Synthesis of ZnO nanorods by microwave-assisted chemical-bath deposition for highly sensitive self-powered UV detection application

High-quality vertically aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were successfully grown on seeded silicon substrates p-Si(100) through microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition. Structural and morphological analyses revealed hexagonal wurtzite nanorods perpendicular to the substrate along the c-axis in the direction of the (002) plane. Optical measurements showed a high-intensity UV peak with a low broad visible peak. UV emission was compared with the visible emission having an IUV/Ivis ratio of 53. A metal–semiconductor–metal-based UV detector was then fabricated by depositing two metal contacts onto the ZnO nanorod surfaces. Current–voltage measurements revealed a highly sensitive device with a self-powered characteristic. At zero applied bias, the fabricated device showed a significant difference between the UV current and dark current. The device further showed a sensitivity of 304 × 104 to low-power (1.5 mW/cm2) 365 nm light pulses without an external bias. Photoresponse measurements demonstrated the highly reproducible characteristics of the fabricated UV detector with rapid response and baseline recovery times of 10 ms. This work introduced a simple, low-cost method of fabricating rapid-response, highly photosensitive UV detectors with zero power consumption

The correlation of blue shift of photoluminescence and morphology of silicon nanoporous

Porous silicon with diameters ranging from 6.41 to 7.12 nm were synthesized via electrochemical etching by varied anodization current density in ethanoic solutions containing aqueous hydrofluoric acid up to 65mA/cm2.The luminescence properties of the nanoporous at room temperature were analyzed via photoluminescence spectroscopy. Photoluminescence PL spectra exhibit a broad emission band in the range of 360-700 nm photon energy. The PL spectrum has a blue shift in varied anodization current density; the blue shift incremented as the existing of anodization although the intensity decreased. The current blue shift is owning to alteration of silicon nanocrystal structure at the superficies. The superficial morphology of the PS layers consists of unified and orderly distribution of nanocrystalline Si structures, have high porosity around (93.75%) and high thickness 39.52 µm

Impact of ablation time on Cu oxide nanoparticle green synthesis via pulsed laser ablation in liquid media

Large-scale commercial production of nanoparticles via efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly methods is a challenging endeavour. The laser ablation method being a green and potential route of nanoparticles synthesis can be exploited to achieve this end. In this work, we report the ablation of a copper target submerged in distilled water by pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The influence of ablation time on the structure and optical properties of grown copper oxide nanoparticles are studied. Such nanoparticle composition and structure is determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared, and Raman analyses. Results from transmission electron microscopy images established that synthesised nanoparticles are a spherical shape with average sizes of 24–37 nm. Fluorescence spectra revealed the enhancement of nanoparticle concentration and reduction in the sizes with increasing ablation time, where the optimum ablation time is demonstrated to be 60 min. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited a prominent visible peak (green), which blueshifted from 542 to 537 nm, confirming the shrinkage of copper oxide particle size at higher ablation time. The XRD pattern showed that the prepared nanoparticles possess a single phase of monocline cupric oxide nanostructure

Functionalized graphene-based nanocomposites for smart optoelectronic applications

The recent increase in the use of graphene and its derivatives is due to their exceptional physicochemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties as the industrial materials developed by involving graphene structures can fulfill future needs. In that view, the potential use of these graphene-containing nanomaterials in electronics applications has encouraged in-depth exploration of the electronic, conducting, and other functional properties. The protecting undifferentiated form of graphene has similarly been proposed for various applications, for example, as supercapacitors, photovoltaic and transparent conductors, touch screen points, optical limiters, optical frequency converters, and terahertz devices. The hybrid composite nanomaterials that undergo stimulus-induced optical and electrical changes are important for many new technologies based on switchable devices. As a two-dimensional smart electronic material, graphene has received widespread attention, and with that view, we aim to cover the various types of graphene oxide (GO)-based composites, linking their optical and electrical properties with their structural and morphological ones. We believe that the topics covered in this review can shed light on the development of high-yield GO-containing electronic materials, which can be fabricated as the field moves forward and makes more significant advances in smart optoelectronic devices

Modified plastic optical fiber coated graphene/polyaniline nanocompositefor ammonia sensing

In this paper, a side polished multimode plastic optical fiber gas sensor coated with graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite is developed for ammonia gas sensing application. Graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite is deposited onto side polished plastic optical fiber by drop-casting method. The proposed sensor is exposed to different concentration of ammonia varies from 1% to 0.25 % at room temperature. Absorbance response of the gas sensor is monitored and recorded using spectrophotometer system. The absorbance increase linearly with the increase in the ammonia concentrations. The response and recovery time are 24 s and 71.8 s, respectively

The effect of precursor concentration on the particle size, crystal size, and optical energy gap of CexSn1â’xO2 nanofabrication

In the present work, a thermal treatment technique is applied for the synthesis of CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles. Using this method has developed understanding of how lower and higher precursor values affect the morphology, structure, and optical properties of CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles. CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticle synthesis involves a reaction between cerium and tin sources, namely, cerium nitrate hexahydrate and tin (II) chloride dihydrate, respectively, and the capping agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The findings indicate that lower x values yield smaller particle size with a higher energy band gap, while higher x values yield a larger particle size with a smaller energy band gap. Thus, products with lower x values may be suitable for antibacterial activity applications as smaller particles can diffuse through the cell wall faster, while products with higher x values may be suitable for solar cell energy applications as more electrons can be generated at larger particle sizes. The synthesized samples were profiled via a number of methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). As revealed by the XRD pattern analysis, the CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles formed after calcination reflect the cubic fluorite structure and cassiterite-type tetragonal structure of CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles. Meanwhile, using FT-IR analysis, Ce-O and Sn-O were confirmed as the primary bonds of ready CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticle samples, whilst TEM analysis highlighted that the average particle size was in the range 6−21 nm as the precursor concentration (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O) increased from 0.00 to 1.00. Moreover, the diffuse UV-visible reflectance spectra used to determine the optical band gap based on the Kubelka–Munk equation showed that an increase in x value has caused a decrease in the energy band gap and vice versa

أثر تطبيق معايير المحاسبة الدولية عند اعداد وعرض القوائم المالية: دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من العاملين في الشركات التجارية في اقليم كردستان\العراق

          يهدف البحث إلى بيان التأثير في عرض واعداد القوائم المالي نتيجة تطبيق المعايير المحاسبية الدولية، وتم جمع بيانات البحث عن طريق اعداد الاستبانة المكونة من (21) فقرة التي تم صياغتها من أجل تحقيق أهداف البحث، ووزوعت على مجموعة من (المدقين، والمحاسبين، والمديرين المالين، ومعدي القوائم المالية)، التي جرى في ضوئها جمع ومعالجة القوائم المالية واختبار الفرضيات عن طريق استعمال البرنامج الاحصائي الجاهز (SPSS)، وتكونت عينة البحث من (108) فردا في الشركات التجارية، وتم استعمال العديد من الأدوات والأساليب الاحصائية لتحقيق أهداف البحث منها: المعدل الحسابي، الانحراف المعياري، معاملات الارتباط، وتحليل الانحدار، والأهمية النسبية، وكانت أبرز نتائج البحث هي: "وجود علاقة ارتباط وتأثير ذات دلالة معنوية لتطبيق المعايير المحاسبية الدولية في اعداد وعرض القوائم المالية في الشركات التجارية