A Study Of Corrosion Behavior Of Low Carbon Steel In Acidic And Basic Washing Water Of Crude Oil Solution At Different Temperatures

The corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in washing water of crude oil solution has been studied potentiostatically at five temperatures in the range ( 303 –343 )K, at pH ( 4 ) and at pH (4,6,7,9,11 ) at (343K)..The corrosion potential shifted to more negative values with increasing temperature and the corrosion current density increased with increasing temperature, the corrosion current density (icorr) decreased with increasing pH in the rang ( 4 – 7 ) and it increased with increasing pH in the rang ( 9 – 11 ) at ( 343 K ), while the corrosion potential generally variation with increasing pH in the rang (4-11)at(343K. From the general results for this study can be seen that thermodynamic and kinetic function were also calculated (?G, ?S, ?H and Ea

A Study Of Corrosion Inhibition Of Low Carbon Steel In Washing Water Of Crude Oil Solution In The Presence Of Folic Acid

The corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in washing water of crude oil solution has been studied potentiostatically at five temperatures in the range (30–70)°C .The corrosion potential shifted to more negative values with increasing temperature and the corrosion current density increased with increasing temperature. Folic acid had on inhibiting effect on the corrosion of low carbon steel in washing water at a concentration (5× 10-4-- 5× 10-3 ) mol/dm3 over the temperature range (30–70)°C. Values of the protection efficiency were calculated from the corrosion current density .From the general results for this study, it can be seen that thermodynamic and kinetic function were also calculated (?G, ?S, ?H and Ea ) to comparison these values in presence and absence of inhibitor (folic acid )

CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF BAUHINIA VAHLII WIGHT AND ARNOTT LEAVES GROWN IN EGYPT

Objective: Plants of genus Bauhinia are famous for their rich flavonoid content. Several phytochemical and biological investigations affirmed the role of flavonoids in the different biological impacts exerted by Bauhinia plants. The present study aims to investigate the major phytoconstituents of the leaves of B. vahlii Wight and Arnott.Methods: Powdered leaves were extracted with n-hexane (HE) and the defatted marc was extracted with 70% ethanol. The defatted ethanolic extract (DEE) was further partitioned with solvents of increasing polarities. The HE and polar fractions of DEE were purified using different chromatographic techniques and isolated compounds were identified through their melting points, 1D and 2D NMR, UV and MS spectral data.Results: A total of nine compounds were isolated and identified. Taraxerol (1), a pentacyclic triterpene, and β-sitosterol (2) were isolated from HE. Investigation of polar fractions of DEE yielded six flavonoids and a phenolic acid, namely luteolin (3), quercetin (4), gallic acid (5), avicularin (6), quercitrin (7), hyperoside (8) and quercetin-3-O-β-sophoroside (9).Conclusion: Flavonols of the quercetin nucleus were the major detected constituents in B. vahlii leaves. Taraxerol, avicularin and quercetin-3-O-β-sophoroside are isolated for the first time from the genus Bauhinia. Results of this study encourage future pharmacological investigation of B. vahlii due to the presence of biologically active flavonoids and phytosterols.Keywords: Bauhinia vahlii Wight, Arnott., Polar extractives, Flavonols, Quercetin, TaraxerolÂ

The Gompertz flexible Weibull distribution and its applications

This paper introduces the Gompertz flexible Weibull distribution as an extension of the flexible Weibull distribution. Its various statistical properties are obtained and established while the method of maximum likelihood estimation is used in estimating the unknown model parameters. The application of Gompertz flexible Weibull distribution is illustrated by making use of three real life data sets, this is done to demonstrate its potentials over some other important distributions like the Gompertz Weibull, Gompertz Burr type XII, Gompertz Lomax, exponentiated flexible Weibull, exponentiated flexible Weibull extension and Kumaraswamy flexible Weibull distributions. Simulation studies were also conducted and the behavior of the Gompertz flexible Weibull parameters were investigated

Costus-loaded silver nanoparticles mitigated AMPK and related pathways in the albino rat atherosclerosis model

In the present study, the role of silver nanoparticles (AgNP)-loaded S. costus was investigated in an atherosclerosis Albino rat model by testing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) genetic pathways and related biomarkers, including apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), serum amyloid A (SAA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), visfatin, and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH). This pathway has been identified as a key regulator of cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. Also, it is linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease that affects arterial walls and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Nanoparticles in medicine have gained attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. One such nanoparticle that has shown promising results in treating atherosclerosis is silver nanoparticles. The costus extract was prepared and characterized to do so, followed by the synthesis of costus-loaded nanoparticles. The synthesized product was characterized by various methods, including UV-visible spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Energy dispersive spectroscopy. Rats were treated with costus-loaded nanoparticles. The results of AMPK gene pathways and related biomarkers (ApoA1, SAA, oxLDL, visfatin, and LDH) were measured and compared between positive and negative control groups. The results have confirmed that costus-loaded nanoparticles have greatly influenced and reduced AMPK gene pathways and related biomarkers (ApoA1, SAA, ox-LDL, visfatin, and LDH) compared to the positive control group of atherosclerosis rat models. The study concluded that costus-loaded nanoparticles are important in atherosclerosis and improve rat status by reducing the genetic and proteomic pathways linked to atherosclerosis

The effect of type of femoral component fixation on mortality and morbidity after hip hemiarthroplasty:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Hip hemiarthroplasty is a well-established treatment of displaced femoral neck fracture, although debate exists over whether cemented or uncemented fixation is superior. Uncemented prostheses have typically been used in younger, healthier patients and cemented prostheses in older patients with less-stable bone. Also, earlier research has suggested that bone cement has cytotoxic effects and may trigger cardiovascular and respiratory adverse events. Questions/Purposes: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare morbidity and mortality rates after cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched seven medical databases for randomized clinical trials and observational studies. We compared cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), as well as measures of postoperative pain, mortality, and complications. Data were extracted and pooled as risk ratios or standardized mean difference with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals in a meta-analysis model. Results: The meta-analysis included 34 studies (12 randomized trials and 22 observational studies), with a total of 42,411 patients. In the pooled estimate, cemented hemiarthroplasty was associated with less risk of postoperative pain than uncemented hemiarthroplasty. There were no significant differences between groups regarding HHS or rates of postoperative mortality, pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, acute cardiac arrhythmia, or deep venous thrombosis. Conclusions: While we found that cemented hemiarthroplasty results in less postoperative pain than uncemented hemiarthroplasty in older patients with femoral neck fracture, the lack of significant differences in functional hip scores, mortality, and complications was surprising. Further high-level research is needed

Extract of Bauhinia vahlii shows antihyperglycemic activity, reverses oxidative stress, and protects against liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: Several studies have affirmed the effectiveness of some Bauhinia plants as antihyperglycemic agents. Objective: We investigated the possible effect of Bauhinia vahlii leaves extract in reducing hyperglycemia and reversing signs of organ damage associated with diabetes in streptozotocin (STZ) rat model. Materials and Methods: Both polar fraction of the B. vahlii leaves (defatted ethanolic extract [DEE]) and nonpolar fraction (n-hexane extract) were evaluated in vitro for α-glucosidase inhibition and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging potential. DEE was selected for further in vivo studies and was administered at two doses, i.e., 150 or 300 mg/kg to STZ-diabetic rats for 4 weeks. Results: Only DEE exhibited in vitro antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities and its oral administration at both dose levels resulted in significant reduction in fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Furthermore, signs of oxidative stress as indicated by hepatic reduced glutathione, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels were completely reversed. In addition, histopathological examination and measurement of serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels showed that DEE protected the liver from signs of liver pathogenesis when compared to diabetic untreated animals and those treated with metformin. Phytochemical analysis of DEE showed high flavonoids content with quercitrin as the major constituent along with other quercetin glycosides. Conclusion: This study strongly highlights the possible beneficial effect of B. vahlii leaves extract in relieving hyperglycemia and liver damage in STZ-diabetic rats and recommends further investigation of the value of quercetin derivatives in controlling diabetes and ameliorating liver damage associated with it

Genetic polymorphisms of fecundity genes in Watish Sudanese desert sheep

Background and Aim: The Watish sheep is a strain of desert sheep of smaller size compared to other desert sheep ecotypes, and there is anecdotal evidence that it is endowed with high litter size. The present study was designed for screening for polymorphisms in the known fecundity genes (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B A<G in exon 6, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) (FecXB, FecXG, FecXH, and FecXI) in exon2, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) – G1 in exon1 and G8 in exon2 and PRLG<A in intron2) and their association with litter size in Watish. Materials and Methods: The study involved 156 Watish ewes of 2-6 years of age, along with data on litter size in the first, second, and third parity from Sinnar state and contiguous Blue Nile State. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated by direct counting. Chi-square test for goodness of fit was performed for agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations and association testing. Results: The results demonstrated that all individuals were non-carriers for the target mutations of FecB, BMP15 (FecXB, FecXH, and FecXI), and GDF9-G8. With regard to the GDF9-G1 gene, the genotypic frequencies were 0.07% (G+) and 0.93% (++), in FecXG gene they were 0.993% (++) and 0.006% (B+), in PRL gene 0.516(++), 0.347(B+), and 0.137(BB). The Chi-square test showed a non-significant association between ewe's type of birth and the detected mutations genotypes. Conclusion: These results preliminarily indicated that GDF9-G1, BMP15 (FecXG), and PRL genes might have had some contribution for improving litter size in Watish Sudanese sheep. However, further studies using larger samples are needed to detect the effects of those mutations on Watish sheep litter size