Phytohormones content and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker assessment of some Egyptian citrus cultivars

In Egypt, Citrus represents one of the main fruit tree crops for both local and export potentials. In this study, leaf and vegetative bud samples were studied for cultivars of sour orange (seedless, sweet seeded, Brazilian and Spanish), common sweet orange (Florida, Fsido, Shamoty, and Valencia) and navel orange B29 from four different areas in Egypt (El-Qalubaiya governorate, Wadi El-Mollak; Ismailia governorate, El-Salheia; Sharqaia governorate, and El-Minya; South Egypt). Cluster analysis generated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular marker showed close similarities of the four sour orange accessions, used as rootstocks, where they were grouped in one cluster. The four cultivars of sweet common orange and sweet navel orange was linked together in a separate cluster. Navel orange cultivated at El-Minya and El-Salheia showed drop in yield due to substantial flower and young fruit abscission, whereas trees of the same cultivar did not suffer from abscission and yielded enhanced crop. Comparison of the four previously mentioned localities speculated that the navel orange accessions at El-Minya and El-Salheia are subjected to drought stress. This could be further verified by the substantially enhanced levels of abscisic acid in the plants showing abscission, as compared to those exhibiting normal flowering and enhanced fruiting at El-Qalubaiya and Wadi El-Mollak.Key words: Abscisic acid, abscission, Citrus, cluster analysis, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), drought, rootstock, scions

Role of Perineal Length Estimation in The Prediction of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes

Context: Female perineum is a significant part of females because perineal tears and episiotomy habitually happen in childbirth with first-time deliveries.Aim: This study aimed to explore the role of perineal length (PL) estimation in the prediction of maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: A prospective cohort observational design was used to collect data from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboring room, Kafrelsheikh General Hospital, Kafrelsheikh City, Egypt. A purposive sample of 139 parturient women was recruited during the period from the first of December 2018 to the end of August 2019. Six tools were used to conduct this study. Maternal and newborn characteristics questionnaire, disposable standardized paper tape for measuring PL in centimeters, a standardized scale for measuring maternal height by meters, and body weight in kilograms to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) (k/m2), REEDA scale, partograph for labor process and Apgar score. Results: There were statistically significant differences regarding the mean age, previous episiotomy, and cesarean section of both studied groups (PL less than or equal to 4 cm and more than 4 cm) at p-value <0.001. Out of 139 parturient women, the two groups of PL less than or more than 4 cm had 16.7% versus 56.9%, respectively had a normal vaginal delivery, with a statistically significant difference between both groups, while 46.7% versus 6.3% respectively had an episiotomy. However, the mean duration of the second stage of labor had statistically significant differences between both studied groups, with 116.7 ± 44.3 versus 85.1 ± 42.0, respectively. Additionally; Mean birth weight/grams, cephalohematoma, caput succedaneum, and mean APGAR score after 5 minutes had a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Short perineum accompanied by increased duration of the second stage of labor. Cesarean section delivery and perineal trauma are associated with primigravida with short perineum. Regarding the mean APGAR score after 5 minutes, there were statistically significant differences between both studied groups. Maternity and newborn health nursing need to improve the illustration of the risk factors that can lead to undesirable consequences. Further research in the area of perineal anatomy may help patients avoid severe tears and many complications

Effect of Tailored Patient Education Program on the Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Context: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a harmful condition associated with serious physical and psychological complications that affect pregnant women's health. The etiology of hyperemesis gravidarum is not well understood and mainly unknown but is probably unmodified multi-factorial risk factors.Aim: This research aimed to examine the effect of a tailored patient education program on pregnant women's outcomes with hyperemesis gravidarum. Methods: A quasi-experimental (study/control group) design was adopted in this study to achieve the stated aim. A convenience sample of 50 pregnant women diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum was recruited. The research was conducted at the inpatient obstetrics and gynecology department, Kafrelsheikh General Hospital, Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt. Data was collected using three tools: Structured interviewing questionnaire; Modified 24-hour Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis/Nausea (PUQE) index; and health status assessment record. Results: The research findings revealed that 56.00% of the study group at baseline assessment have severe nausea and vomiting compared to 52.00% of the control group, with no statistically significant difference between both groups (P = 0.776). While at three- weeks post-program, no one of the study group women has severe nausea and vomiting compared to 16.00% of the control group with a statistically significant difference between both groups (P = 0.044). Concerning signs and symptoms of dehydration, there was no statistically significant difference between the study and control group regarding any signs and symptoms of dehydration at the three times of assessment. A statistically significant difference was revealed between the study and control group about the length of hospital stay (P = 0.041) and hospital readmission (P = 0.029). Conclusions: Although there is no statistically significant difference between the study and control group regarding signs and symptoms of dehydration, the decreased severity of nausea and vomiting, length of hospital stay, and hospital readmission rate are valued outcomes. The study recommended that a pregnant woman be equipped with adequate health information related to HG by conducting such a health education program that should be tailored according to women's needs

Vázquez Montalbán´s Galíndez, Eduar El-Jarrat´s The Road of the Vulture: Typologie of the contemporary historical novel

En este trabajo se abordan dos obras que son fieles exponentes de al menos dos variantes de la novela histórica actual propiamente dicha: Galíndez de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán y El camino del águila de Eduar El-Jarrat. La naturaleza de este estudio plantea más de un escollo, especialmente, porque trata dos obras escritas cada una en un idioma diferente: el castellano y el árabe, pertenecientes a dos culturas distintas que han tenido, por separado, una evolución sociohistórica propia. Sin embargo, no es menos cierto que según la teoría literaria y un nuevo enfoque crítico, es posible enfocar los textos elegidos desde una perspectiva concreta. Y he aquí que a ambos escritores les une una visión literaria innovadora: escriben un relato moderno, trasgresor de géneros y de personalísimas estéticas.In the present study we analyze two contemporary novels as variants of the contemporary historical novel: Vázquez Montalbán´s Galíndez, and Eduar El-Jarrat´s The Road of the Vulture. Given its nature, this study faces several obstacles, specially because it addresses two books written in two different languages - Spanish and Arabic - which are part of two different cultures that have undergone a very different social and historical development. However, both texts can be read from a specific perspective based on the principles of Literary Theory and a new critical approach. The authors do share a very innovative literary vision: they have written two modern novels that transgress literary genres and suggest a very personal poetics

The Image of the XIXth century Russia in the texts of Juan Valera and Mohamed ‘Yad El-TanTawy

En este artículo se presentan dos casos concretos de la visión que tienen dos personajes: Mohamed ‘yad El-TanTawy, egipcio y Juan Valera, español, de Rusia. Se pretende comparar la visión entre las imágenes que poseen ambos personajes de un país muy diferente a su cultura, a través de dos libros que tratan de sus impresiones y experiencias sobre este país: Regalo para inteligentes con las noticias de los países de Rusia y Cartas desde Rusia. Da la coincidencia que ambos eran contemporáneos, mediados del siglo XIX, y, en cierto modo, compartían aficiones, la literatura.In this paper, we will show two points of view of two authors, namely, Juan Valera, from Spain, and Mohamed ‘yad El-TanTawy, from Egypt, toward the Russia of the 19th century. The purpose is to draw a comparison between the pictures of the two authors, each of whom comes from a culture distant from Russia, writing two books that include their impressions and experiences about Russia, namely: The Masterpiece of the Intelligent in the News of Russia, and Letters from Russia. By coincidence, the two authors lived in Russia at the same time in the Mid 19thC and they have a common characteristic, which is literature

Utility of thiocarbamoyl moiety in synthesis of some new sulphur containing heterocyclic compounds and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity

The reaction of N,N'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2-cyanoacetamide) (1) with phenyl isothiocyanate gave thiocarbamoyl derivative 3, which reacted with α-halocarbonyl compounds in a mixture of ethanol:N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of triethylamineto afford thiazoles 4, 7, 10 and thiophene12 derivatives. While, when the same reaction was refluxed in a mixture of ethanol:N,N-dimethylformamide only afforded the acyclic compounds 5, 6, 8, 9 and 11, which when refluxed in N,N-dimethylformamide in presence of triethylamine gave the corresponding above thiazole and thiophene derivatives. Moreover, the reaction of compound 3 with dihalo compounds afforded cyclic dithio derivatives 13a, 13b and 14. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical, spectral data and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities of 4, 7, 14 and 15 have a high antimicrobial activity