2D Dimensionality Reduction Methods without Loss

In this paper, several two-dimensional extensions of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) techniques has been applied in a lossless dimensionality reduction framework, for face recognition application. In this framework, the benefits of dimensionality reduction were used to improve the performance of its predictive model, which was a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. At the same time, the loss of the useful information was minimized using the projection penalty idea. The well-known face databases were used to train and evaluate the proposed methods. The experimental results indicated that the proposed methods had a higher average classification accuracy in general compared to the classification based on Euclidean distance, and also compared to the methods which first extracted features based on dimensionality reduction technics, and then used SVM classifier as the predictive model

Investigating the effective factors on management internal controls applying

Information technology plays an important role on increasing internal control in many organizations. In this paper, we present an empirical study to measure the impact of information technology, hiring high quality skilled management team, using high quality standards and increasing employees' awareness on managing internal control. The survey uses a questionnaire based on Likert scale and distributes among the people who work in either administration or financial sectors of governmental agencies in province of Zanjan, Iran. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of information technology positively influences management team to control their system, more effectively, using more skilled and specialized managers positively influences management internal control, an organization with suitable standard positively influences management internal control and increasing employees' awareness positively influences management internal control

An empirical study on entrepreneurs' personal characteristics

The personality of an entrepreneur is one of the most important characteristics of reaching success by creating jobs and opportunities. In this paper, we demonstrate an empirical study on personal characteristics of students who are supposed to act as entrepreneur to create jobs in seven fields of accounting, computer science, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, metallurgy engineering, electrical engineering and drawing. There are seven aspects of accepting reasonable risk, locus of control, the need for success, mental health conditions, being pragmatic, tolerating ambiguity, dreaming and the sense of challenging in our study to measure the level of entrepreneurship. We uniformly distribute 133 questionnaires among undergraduate students in all seven groups and analyze the results based on t-student test. Our investigation indicates that all students accept reasonable amount of risk, they preserve sufficient locus of control and they are eager for success. In addition, our tests indicate that students believe they maintain sufficient level of mental health care with strong sense of being pragmatic and they could handle ambiguity and challenges

Investigation of movement of rain water in railway track ballast and subballast layers

Railway track system of a country plays a vital role in providing a suitable transportation. Railway track drainage has a considerable impact on the efficiency of tracks in terms of stability and response of the components to passing trains loads. A good track drainage system identifies the entire sources of water adjacent to track structure and resulted from precipitation and delivers an appropriate method for removing them as swiftly as possible. The necessity of adequate drainage system underneath the rail tracks, track drainage principles along with the design procedures are summarised in the literature. Ballast fouling is identified, and different sources of fouling are investigated. A study is undertaken to assess the effect of fouling on ballast permeability and drainage characteristics of this layer. The fouling materials corresponded different sources of ballast fouling. The fouling agents are considered as crushed ballast, sand and kaolin. Hydraulic flume test is conducted in order to investigate the effect of different sections and rainfall characteristics on water level and discharge out of ballast and subballast subsequently. The mentioned variables recognised as rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, subgrade slope, and ballast fouling index or hydraulic conductivity. The presented research evaluates findings of a laboratory-based hydraulic flume test. A numerical model based on multi-variable linear regression is developed in order to estimate the experimental data for water level and discharge out of ballast. The conducted study highlights the impact of section slope on the rate of the flow out of ballast and subballast and the remaining gravitational water. The model is used for developing a non-linear relationship between the rainfall duration and the initial ballast discharge values collected during the rainfall event. The proposed numerical model has specific application regarding prediction of the water level and system discharge as well as evaluation of ground water conditions underneath the tracks. Therefore, it can be used in the designing procedure of drainage systems in an area where average rainfall characteristics, rainfall return-period and proposed subgrade slope can be estimated

Study of Communication Skills in Children with Attention Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder in Shahrekord

Objective: This study was to investigate those pragmatic skills that children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, especially children with pragmatic impairment, show in their colloquial interactions with their parents. Method: In this regard, all children aged 6 to 13 years old with a diagnostic criterion for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a a center for learning disabilities in Shahrekord were selected as research participants in a census method. Required data were collected by using an ADHD rating scale–IV (DuPaul et al., 1998) as well as a Five to fifteen parent questionnaire and were examined through descriptive statistics and chi square test methods. Results: Findings showed that children with more hyperactivity were of more problem, especially in nonverbal skills (r=0.079; p≤0.05) and subject Maitaining skills (r=0.032, p≤0/05), than children with more attention deficit (r =0.00; p≤0.05). In addition, compared to girls, boys had more problems in subject Maitaining skills (p= 0.02) and non-verbal ones (p=0.014). The results of the analysis also showed that most issues related to pragmatic skills occur at younger ages and decrease with age. The study of previous research literature also confirmed that the low level of such skills can have adverse consequences for such children and pose serious risks to their future psychologically, educationally and behaviorally. Conclusion: Psychological interventions and educational strategies seem necessary to increase the level of these skills in children with this disorder

Representation of Semantic Concepts of Motion Verbs in Sorani Kurdish: A Cognitive Approach

According to Leonard Talmy's “force dynamics” schema, as is observed in natural events, the flow of force is also reflected in linguistic structures, and in this respect, languages ​​are divided into two groups: “verb­-framed” and "satellite-­framed". In the first group, the events related to force dynamics are represented through the verb and in the second group, in the form of a satellite around the root of the verb and through the satellite. The aim of the present study is to explore the linguistic representation of motion events in Sorani Kurdish dialect within this semantic category. The data of this study was obtained through face-to-face interviews with twenty normative speakers. In cases where there were several forms of speech to express motion verbs, its citation form was recorded according to Mardukh's dictionary. Analysis of 260 motion verbs out of 300 speech pieces showed that patterns (motion + method) and (motion + path) are the most frequent patterns in the verbs of this dialect. Also, the 65% statistic representing the semantic concepts of the path through the satellite showed that the Sorani dialect is more inclined towards the satellite-­framed languages

Advanced oxidation processes against alkyl phenols in groundwater samples

Spectrophotometric examinations showed the presence of phenolic compounds in the organic residue collected from four groundwater resources located in vicinity of an oil refinery at the outskirt of Tehran. The average concentration of total phenolic compounds was about 0.38 mg.L-1 in these samples using Folin-Ciocalteu method. GC-Mass analysis disclosed that alkylphenols were the major phenolic contaminants in the samples. Evaluation of the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) efficacy for removal of alkylphenols from real water samples is a hot topic of recent Environmental Research due to the decomposition of these compounds in soil and by microorganisms which may results in the formation of structures more resistance against various types of oxidation. To explore the efficacy of AOPs for removal of alkylphenols from the examined groundwater resources, the optimal conditions for three important AOP including Fe2+/H2O2/UV (Photo-Fenton), O3/UV and O3/UV/H2O2 were first sought using a recalcitrant lab sample containing different aromatic compounds with total concentration of 2 mg L^-1. Consequently, two methods of O3/UV (2 mg L-1 O3, 15 min UVC), and O3/UV/H2O2 (2 mg L^-1 O3, 5000 mg L^-1 H2O2, 15 min UVC) were selected to be examined on the real samples. Although the selected methods were quantitatively effective on the lab sample, they resulted in average removal efficiencies of 79.71% and 84.16% on the real samples, respectively. With respect to the safety regulations, costs and easiness of implementation, the O3/UV method seems to be more promising for large-scale plans

Development and characterization of a novel conductive polyaniline-g-polystyrene/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite for the treatment of cancer

The goal of this study is to synthesize, characterize and investigate some physicochemical properties of conductive polyaniline-g-polystyrene/Fe 3 O 4 (Fe 3 O 4 /PSt-g-PANi) nanocomposites. For this purpose, initially, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a co-precipitation method. Then, the desired nanocomposite was synthesized in two steps. First, the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene was performed using an ATRP initiator attached to the surface of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, followed by functionalization of the Fe 3 O 4 -PSt with amine groups (�NH 2 ). Second, surface oxidative graft copolymerization of aniline was accomplished using the �NH 2 moieties on the Fe 3 O 4 /PSt-NH 2 as the anchoring sites. The prepared materials were characterized by various instruments, including TEM, SEM, TGA, EDX, FT-IR, XRD and conductivity measurements. The results indicated that the synthesized conductive polymer/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites had higher electrical conductivity and thermal resistance than those of the corresponding homopolymers. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group