Frequency of Systemic Diseases and Medication Intake by Patients Referred to the Department of Oral Medicine of Hamadan Dental School

Objectives Due to advances in knowledge and treatment of diseases, life expectancy has increased worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of systemic diseases and medication intake by dental patients referred to dental clinic of Hamadan Dental School.Methods A total of 800 patients referred to the Department of Oral Medicine from October 2013 to May 2014 were studied. The data extracted from patient charts included demographic data, systemic diseases, and medication intake, which were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test with SPSS version 16.0.Results Of all, 28.8% of participants were males and 71.2% were females. The mean age of participants was 32.3 years. The total prevalence of systemic diseases was 30.5%. The most common condition was endocrine diseases. The total prevalence of medication intake was 20% and the most common medications taken were supplements and antihypertensive medications.Conclusion The results of the present study showed that systemic diseases were prevalent in dental patients. Dentists and dental students must take a precise medical and medication history from patients before starting any dental procedure to prevent medical emergencie

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers : Retrospective cohort study

Objectives: Saliva contains alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—a key intracellular enzyme related to destructive processes and cellular damage—and has buffering capacity (BC) against acids due to the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions. Smoking may have deleterious effects on the oral environment due to pH changes which can affect ALP activity. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary pH, BC and ALP activity of male smokers and healthy non-smokers. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place between August 2012 and December 2013. A total of 251 healthy male non-smokers and 259 male smokers from Hamadan, Iran, were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant and pH and BC were determined using a pH meter. Salivary enzymes were measured by spectrophotometric assay. Results: Mean salivary pH (7.42 ± 0.48 and 7.52 ± 0.43, respectively; P = 0.018) and BC (3.41 ± 0.54 and 4.17 ± 0.71; P = 0.001) was significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Mean ALP levels were 49.58 ± 23.33 IU/L among smokers and 55.11 ± 27.85 IU/L among non-smokers (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Significantly lower pH, BC and ALP levels were observed among smokers in comparison to a healthy control group. These salivary alterations could potentially be utilised as biochemical markers for the evaluation of oral tissue function and side-effects among smokers. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary components

Total antioxidant capacity of saliva and dental caries

Objective: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. Saliva has many functions in the oral cavity and is the first line defense against dental caries. Oxidative stress can affect initiation and progression of many inflammatory and infectious diseases such as dental caries. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva and dental caries. Study D esign: 100 healthy high school students (50 female and 50 male) with age range of 15 -17 years were randomly selected, divided to four groups. Unstimulated whole saliva specimens were collected at the morning. TAC of saliva was evaluated by spectrophotometric assay. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student's t-test, by SPSS 13. Results: The level of TAC was significantly higher in the saliva of caries active group relative to the caries free subjects. Statistical analysis for male and female groups showed a statistically significant reduction of TAC level in female group. Conclusion: TAC was higher in caries active group. Thus this result showed that total antioxidant capacity may influence in dental caries and activity can be measured by salivary factors and this may be helpful in preventive dentistry

Evaluation of oral health and bleeding management after dental procedures of patients with congenital bleeding disorders in Tehran city in 2015: A comparative study

Introduction: Platelets and clotting factors dysfunction lead to hereditary hemorrhagic disease. In according to the importance of these diseases, the aim of this study was the evaluation of oral health and bleeding management of the patients with congenital bleeding disorders in Tehran city in 2015. Methods: In this case-control study, 68 hemophilic patients  as case group were compared with 50 healthy people as control group. These samples matched in according to age and gender. DMFT/S and GI index (caries index and gingival index) was recorded and bleeding management evaluated by the patient's medical records and interviews. Data analyzed using SPSS version 16  and the level of significant was considered p ≤0.05. Results: Patients group The mean of age in hemophilic patients was 12.54 ± 2.94 and in the control group was 12.50±3.1. DMFT, DMFS and GI index was higher in the health group. With increasing the age of the patients  gingival inflammation index also increased significantly (p=0.001) so that 70% of individual with age higher than 15 had grade 3 gingival inflammation. Conclusions: Patients and parents awareness about dental hygiene and regular dental visit is very important for caries prevention and reduction of DMFT/S and GI index and regular dental visits are essential for the patients

Prevalence of Developmental Anomalies of Oral Mucosa within Patients Referred to Oral Medicine Department of Hamadan ِDentistry Faculty in 2014

Introduction: Developmental anomalies of oral mucosa are not necessarily related to a specific disease, that  may be demonstrated in differential diagnosis of oral disease and premalignant lesions. Mucosal anomalies incidence may be varied in different individuals, which can be related to many genetic and environmental elements. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the developmental anomalies of oral mucosa in the patients referred to department of Oral Medicine of Hamadan Dentistry faculty in 2014. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the developmental anomalies of oral mucosa were studied in 800 patients, who referred to Hamadan School of Dentistry in Iran. All the 800 patients were clinically examined using dental mirrors on the dentistry unit in regard with diagnosis of mucosal anomalies. Demographic data and types of mucosal anomalies were recorded in a predesigned questionnaire. In order to analyze the study data, SPSS software (ver, 16) was applied via chi-square test at significance level of 0.05. Results: Oral developmental lesions were observed in 700 patients (87.5%). The most common lesion was reported as fissured tongue (50.9%), followed by Fordyce granules (49.5%), Macroglossia (17%), torousplatinus (13.4%). A significant association was detected between fissured tongue, macroglosia ,fordice granule with gender and age, Varicosities and furred tongue with age and Torus palatines , Comissural lip pit and hairy tongue with gender . Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed high prevalence of oral mucosal anomalies. As a result, dentists and medical practitioners are demanded to attend to the oral mucosal anomalies

Evaluation of aquired and developmental clinical dental anomalies( tooth wear, discoloration, flurosis, hypodontia , macrodontia and frequency and dental health index in Refereed Patients to Hamadan Dental Faculty

Introdution: Dental anomalies are an important category of dental morphologic variations. Their incidence is different between many populations. This study aimed to determine the frequency of dental anomalies and dental health index in patients referred to department of Oral Medicine of Hamadan dental faculty in 2014 Methods: In this descriptive cross sectinal  study 772 patients referred to department of oral medicine  were examined  for dental anomalies and biographic information, systemic diseases , receiving drugs and  DMFT index (Decay , Missing, Filling Teeth)  were recorded in their charts. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 software using descreptive , chi square, t test and one-way ANOVA . P value lower than 5% was considered as significant. Results Out of 772 patients 218 (28.2%) were males and 554 (71.8%) were females and their mean age was 32.3. 70% of patients showed at least one dental anomaly. Attrition (40.2%), flourosis (20.3%), accessory cusps (15.7%), tooth discoloration (14.4%) and hypodontia (3.2%) had high frequency anomalies observed in patients. The mean of patients DMFT was 14.095.78. Conclusion: According to results of this study frequency of acquired dental anomalies was relatively common and   dental health index was low in studied population, therefore  dentists continious education  and oral health education for diagnose and prevention of possible problem for dentist and society  seems to be necessary