Prevalence of asthma among schoolchildren in Gorgan, Iran by questionnaire surveys in 2006

The aim of study to determine the prevalence of asthma in Gorgan. This cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly chosen public and non-profitable primary, guidance and high schools. Five hundred eighty copies of a standard questionnaire, which was randomly distributed among the students, were filled out by parents on behalf of their children. Six cases (1%) with triad asthma symptoms. Sixty five cases (11.2%) with cough 26 cases (4.5%) with tightness and 27 cases (4.7%) with wheezing, without they have caught cold. In all cases, 11.7% have at least one asthma symptoms. There was no significant relationship between asthma and age, sex and ethnic. As the results reveal the rate of asthma in Gorgan is high (11.7%) and it is important that people get educated to fight against asthma

Typology of substance use disorder based on temperament dimensions, addiction severity, and negative emotions

Objective: Individuals with substance use disorder are not homogeneous as we might regard. Thus, this study was conducted to present a novel classification of substance use disorder based on temperament, addiction severity, and negative emotions. Method: In this correlation study, Temperament and Character Inventory, Addiction Severity Index, Aggression Subscale of MMPI-2, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, Emotional Schema Questionnaire, and Psychosocial Checklist were used for data collection. Results: The cluster analysis of 324 individuals with substance use disorder explored 4 subtypes. Subgroups were named based on the main features as emotionally distressed, constitutional, nonconformist, and impulsive. Significant differences were found among groups in emotional schemas, history of mental disorder in the family, rate of relapse, and history of imprisonment. Conclusion: It seemed that temperament dimensions, addiction severity, and negative emotional states were valid components in classifying individuals with substance use disorder. © 2018 Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Gingival neoplasm presenting as an ossifying epulis in a parrot cichlid fish (Hoplarchus psittacus)

This report describes the histopathological features of an ossifying epulis, measuring 1.5 × 1 × 1 cm in length, width and height, respectively, on the lingual surface of the lower jaw of a 2.5 year-old parrot cichlid (Hoplarchus psittacus) from a commercial aquarium. The tumor had appeared in the oral cavity three months prior to its introduction to the laboratory for diagnosis. Grossly, the neoplastic mass was pale-tan with a shiny, smooth surface and coalescing areas of hemorrhage. Microscopically, the overlying epithelium was hyperplastic and extended deeply into the underlying stroma. The stroma consisted of well vascularized collagenous tissue and neoplastic fibroblasts associated with irregular cords and islands of mineral deposition as dentin-like materials confirmed by Masson's trichrome and Goldner's trichrome staining

Golpayegan metamorphic complex (Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, Iran) as evidence for Cadomian back-arc magmatism: structure, geochemistry and isotopic data

The Golpayegan metamorphic complex is located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran. This complex consists of various metamorphic rocks including schists, marbles, slates, gneisses, and amphibolites, most of them have Neoproterozoic age. The presence of structures such as sigma fabrics, boudinage, folded boudinage and interfering fold patterns indicates the occurrence of more than two deformation phases in the Golpayegan metamorphic complex. The measurement of strain intensity in the folds indicated deep immersion of structures and old Precambrian settings that had been influenced by orogenic events in the Neoproterozoic. These deformed rocks were exposed during extensional movements and, subsequently, sheared. The results based on field works shown geochemical relations and initial εNd(600 Ma) values of amphibolites in three sampling points located in Golpayegan region manifested that the protolith of the first (a') and second (b') sampling points had mantle origin (ortho-amphibolite), whilst protolith of the third (c') sampling point had sedimentary origin (para-amphibolite). Geochemically, the Golpayegan ortho-amphibolites showed subalkaline basalt-basaltic andesite compositions of tholeiitic affinity. The negative anomalies of Nb and Ti relative to Pb, La, and Ce in the primitive mantle-normalized spider-diagram and εNd(600 Ma) values revealed the subduction environment for ortho-amphibolites. The ortho-amphibolites exhibited the intermediate chemistry between the normal mid-ocean ridge basalt and island-arc tholeiitic basalt. Enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE), light rare earth elements (LREE), and relative depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE) suggest the back-arc basin setting for the Golpayegan ortho-amphibolites. The primitive magma of the ortho-amphibolites was produced by 8–20% melting of spinel lherzolite. According to the Neoproterozoic age of the Golpayegan ortho-amphibolites and their relationship with the Golpayegan granitic gneiss (596‒578 Ma), it shows that they can be related to the Cadomian back-arc basin in the north of Peri-Gondwana at the Neoproterozoic. The high values of 87Sr/86Sr (0.708450‒0.714986) interpreted as result of seawater hydrothermal alteration.publishe

Larvicidial effects of essential oil and methanol extract of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch (Asteraceae) against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae), a malaria vector

Background: Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of many pathogens and parasites and consequently serious diseases in humans. Currently, application of plant derivatives has been suggested as an alternative bio-control technique for these medically important vectors. Methods: In this study the essential oil and methanol extract of Achillea wilhelmsii were tested against late-3rd or young-4th instar larvae stages of mosquito vector, Anopheles stephensi, under laboratory condition. The larval mortality was calculated after 24 h of the exposure period. Data were subjected to Probit analysis in order to estimate the lethal concentration for 50% and 90% of mortality values. Results: Results showed that the essential oil induced 100% larval mortality of An. stephensi larvae after 24 h with a dosage of 160 ppm, However, a dosage of 320 ppm of methanol extract was required to reach 100% larval mortality.The essential oil methanol extract exerted significant larvicidal activity with LC50 values of 39.04 and 115.73 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: Our finding suggests that A. wilhelmsii oil is a potential source and has valuable larvicidal compounds for mosquito larval control. © 2017, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Determination of HCV genotypes, in Iran by PCR-RFLP

Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver related morbidity and mortality worldwide and represents a major public health problem. Depending on genomic organization, the virus is divided into six genotypes and a number of subtypes. Different genotypes are seen in different parts of the world. Genotype one is difficult to treat, while genotypes 2 and 3 are easy to treat. Therefore, identification of HCV genotype in patients is necessary to begin and follow up the treatment. In this study, viral genomic materials of 214 patients' sera were detected by nested-RT PCR. Based on genomic differences among different genotypes, the PCR products were digested with proper enzymes and studied by RFLP. Except for one, sequencing of 1 samples, representative of all genotypes, confirmed the results of PCR-RFLP. The results of PCR-RFLP were as follows: 1a (52.88), 1b (14.01), 3a (27.57), 2a (2.1), 4 (3.44). This indicates that a high percentage of HCV infected patients in Iran are infected with 1a or 3a genotypes. These findings reveal that the pattern of HCV genotypes in Iran differs from those of other middle-eastern countries

Effects of Persian gum and basil extract (Ocimum basilicum) coating on the quality of silver carp) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (fillets during frozen storage (-18°C)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Persian gum and Basil extract (Ocimum basilicum) coating on the development of rancidity in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets during frozen storage (-18°C) over a period of 3 months. The Persian gum and basil extract covering the treatment of gum 2%, 1.5% extract and extract was prepared containing treatment and control (uncoated). The control and treated fish samples were analyzed for chemical (TVB-N, TBARS, FFA, pH) and sensory characteristics monthly. The results indicated lower levels of TBA, FFA, pH, TVB-N in coated samples and especially those with gum containing basil extract during frozen (-18°C) storage. Significant differences in chemical characteristics (TVB-N, TBARS, FFA, and pH) were observed between the treatments and control. .. The results showed that Persian gum containing basil extract was the best coating for silver carp fillets and it also resulted in longer shelf life at -18ºC

Experimental investigation on stability, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of water-based hybrid nanofluid of MWCNT-Fe2O3

The superiority of nanofluid over conventional working fluid has been well researched and proven. Newest on the horizon is the hybrid nanofluid currently being examined due to its improved thermal properties. This paper examined the viscosity and electrical conductivity of deionized water (DIW)-based multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-Fe2O3 (20:80) nanofluids at temperatures and volume concentrations ranging from 15 ◦C to 55 ◦C and 0.1–1.5%, respectively. The morphology of the suspended hybrid nanofluids was characterized using a transmission electron microscope, and the stability was monitored using visual inspection, UV–visible, and viscosity-checking techniques. With the aid of a viscometer and electrical conductivity meter, the viscosity and electrical conductivity of the hybrid nanofluids were determined, respectively. The MWCNT-Fe2O3/DIW nanofluids were found to be stable and well suspended. Both the electrical conductivity and viscosity of the hybrid nanofluids were augmented with respect to increasing volume concentration. In contrast, the temperature rise was noticed to diminish the viscosity of the nanofluids, but it enhanced electrical conductivity. Maximum increments of 35.7% and 1676.4% were obtained for the viscosity and electrical conductivity of the hybrid nanofluids, respectively, when compared with the base fluid. The obtained results were observed to agree with previous studies in the literature. After fitting the obtained experimental data, high accuracy was achieved with the formulated correlations for estimating the electrical conductivity and viscosity. The examined hybrid nanofluid was noticed to possess a lesser viscosity in comparison with the mono-particle nanofluid of Fe2O3/water, which was good for engineering applications as the pumping power would be reduced.The Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugalhttp://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterialspm2022Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin

Eco-friendly preparation and characterization of CuMn2O4 nanoparticles with the green capping agent and their photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications

In this study, copper manganese oxide (CuMn2O4) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple sol-gel technique in the presence of lactose as the green capping agent. The lactose concentration effect on the crystalline size and magnetic properties of final products were systematically investigated. The structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of as-obtained products were examined by techniques such as the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. SEM and VSM results show that lactose concentrations play an important role in the magnetic properties and morphology of CuMn2O4 nanoparticles. Degradation of type of dye (Rhodamine B = Rh B and Methyl orange = MO) under ultraviolet light was examined to assess the feasibility of using CuMn2O4 for photocatalytic activities. To demonstrate the possibility of developing an inexpensive solar cell, FTO/TiO2/CuMn2O4/Pt-FTO, the CuMn2O4 paste was put on the top of the TiO2 through the doctor blade technique. © 2020, Islamic Azad University

Performance, kinetic, and biodegradation pathway evaluation of anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor in removing phthalic acid esters from wastewater

Emerging and hazardous environmental pollutants like phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are one of the recent concerns worldwide. PAEs are considered to have diverse endocrine disrupting effects on human health. Industrial wastewater has been reported as an important environment with high concentrations of PAEs. In the present study, four short-chain PAEs including diallyl phthalate (DAP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), and phthalic acid (PA) were selected as a substrate for anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor (AnFFFBR). The process performances of AnFFFBR, and also its kinetic behavior, were evaluated to find the best eco-friendly phthalate from the biodegradability point of view. According to the results and kinetic coefficients, removing and mineralizing of DMP occurred at a higher rate than other phthalates. In optimum conditions 92.5, 84.41, and 80.39% of DMP, COD, and TOC were removed. DAP was found as the most bio-refractory phthalate. The second-order (Grau) model was selected as the best model for describing phthalates removal